Improve runtime scaling for transpiler optimization level 2 and 3

[mtreinish]

What should we add?

This is the tracking epic for the work to improve the runtime scaling performance for the transpiler's optimization level 2 and level 3. It generally scales linearly with the number of gates but some of the passes we run in the higher optimizations have high constant factors which make the total execution slow. We'll add sub-issues here as we do more investigation and profiling to get to the bottom of the bottlenecks and identify things to speed up:

Tasks

Beta Give feedback

1. Investigate porting unitary synthesis to rust #8774
   3 of 6
   Rust mod: transpiler performance priority: medium short project type: epic type: feature request +7
   

[mtreinish]

We can close this now that we've merged #12010 and all it's follow on PRs. Also the other performance work on improving transpiler runtime especially #13091 have made level 2 and 3 much more scalable.