9-Pandas/3-pandas.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Pandas Essentials"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "# Create a random flights data CSV file\n",
    "np.random.seed(0)\n",
    "num_records = 100\n",
    "\n",
    "AIRLINES = [\n",
    "    \"PIA\",\n",
    "    \"Qatar Airways\",\n",
    "    \"Emirates\",\n",
    "    \"Japan Airways\",\n",
    "    \"American Airline\",\n",
    "    \"Tata Airline\",\n",
    "    \"Saudi Airline\",\n",
    "]\n",
    "\n",
    "CITIES = [\n",
    "    \"Dubai\",\n",
    "    \"Delhi\",\n",
    "    \"Karachi\",\n",
    "    \"Riyadh\",\n",
    "    \"Mecca\",\n",
    "    \"Medina\",\n",
    "    \"Kuwait\",\n",
    "    \"Lahore\",\n",
    "    \"Colombo\",\n",
    "    \"Dhaka\",\n",
    "    \"Sharjah\",\n",
    "    \"Mumbai\",\n",
    "    \"Auckland\",\n",
    "    \"Alaska\",\n",
    "    \"San Francisco\",\n",
    "    \"Washington\",\n",
    "]\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Creating a random DataFrame"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "flights_data = {\n",
    "    \"FlightID\": np.arange(1, num_records + 1),\n",
    "    \"Airline\": np.random.choice(AIRLINES, num_records),\n",
    "    \"Destination\": np.random.choice(CITIES, num_records),\n",
    "    \"Duration\": np.random.randint(60, 360, num_records),  # Duration in minutes\n",
    "    \"Delay\": np.random.randint(0, 120, num_records),  # Delay in minutes\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "df = pd.DataFrame(flights_data)\n",
    "df.to_csv(\"random_flights_data.csv\", index=False)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Read the CSV file using pandas\n",
    "df = pd.read_csv(\"random_flights_data.csv\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>FlightID</th>\n",
       "      <th>Airline</th>\n",
       "      <th>Destination</th>\n",
       "      <th>Duration</th>\n",
       "      <th>Delay</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sharjah</td>\n",
       "      <td>330</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tata Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lahore</td>\n",
       "      <td>320</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
       "      <td>297</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
       "      <td>199</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Medina</td>\n",
       "      <td>146</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   FlightID           Airline Destination  Duration  Delay\n",
       "0         1  American Airline     Sharjah       330     18\n",
       "1         2      Tata Airline      Lahore       320     17\n",
       "2         3               PIA  Washington       297     93\n",
       "3         4     Japan Airways      Alaska       199     84\n",
       "4         5     Japan Airways      Medina       146      2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Returns the first five rows of the dataframe\n",
    "df.head()\n",
    "\n",
    "# Pass a number as parameter to get that many rows from the top\n",
    "# `df.head(10)` will return 10 rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>FlightID</th>\n",
       "      <th>Airline</th>\n",
       "      <th>Destination</th>\n",
       "      <th>Duration</th>\n",
       "      <th>Delay</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>95</th>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Karachi</td>\n",
       "      <td>174</td>\n",
       "      <td>53</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>96</th>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Colombo</td>\n",
       "      <td>346</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>97</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saudi Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mecca</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>98</th>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Riyadh</td>\n",
       "      <td>301</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>99</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Auckland</td>\n",
       "      <td>349</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    FlightID           Airline Destination  Duration  Delay\n",
       "95        96  American Airline     Karachi       174     53\n",
       "96        97               PIA     Colombo       346     11\n",
       "97        98     Saudi Airline       Mecca        89      4\n",
       "98        99  American Airline      Riyadh       301     39\n",
       "99       100     Japan Airways    Auckland       349     92"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Similar to head(), tail() returns the last five rows of the dataframe\n",
    "df.tail()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>FlightID</th>\n",
       "      <th>Airline</th>\n",
       "      <th>Destination</th>\n",
       "      <th>Duration</th>\n",
       "      <th>Delay</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>95</th>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Karachi</td>\n",
       "      <td>174</td>\n",
       "      <td>53</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>96</th>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Colombo</td>\n",
       "      <td>346</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>97</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saudi Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mecca</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>98</th>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Riyadh</td>\n",
       "      <td>301</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>99</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Auckland</td>\n",
       "      <td>349</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    FlightID           Airline Destination  Duration  Delay\n",
       "95        96  American Airline     Karachi       174     53\n",
       "96        97               PIA     Colombo       346     11\n",
       "97        98     Saudi Airline       Mecca        89      4\n",
       "98        99  American Airline      Riyadh       301     39\n",
       "99       100     Japan Airways    Auckland       349     92"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Similar to head(), tail() returns the last five rows of the dataframe\n",
    "df.tail()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Perform operations on the data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Duration</th>\n",
       "      <th>Delay</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Airline</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>American Airline</th>\n",
       "      <td>265.166667</td>\n",
       "      <td>50.777778</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Emirates</th>\n",
       "      <td>226.500000</td>\n",
       "      <td>61.700000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Japan Airways</th>\n",
       "      <td>228.526316</td>\n",
       "      <td>55.736842</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>PIA</th>\n",
       "      <td>227.125000</td>\n",
       "      <td>64.312500</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Qatar Airways</th>\n",
       "      <td>170.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>65.875000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Saudi Airline</th>\n",
       "      <td>213.500000</td>\n",
       "      <td>45.500000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Tata Airline</th>\n",
       "      <td>215.444444</td>\n",
       "      <td>68.555556</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                    Duration      Delay\n",
       "Airline                                \n",
       "American Airline  265.166667  50.777778\n",
       "Emirates          226.500000  61.700000\n",
       "Japan Airways     228.526316  55.736842\n",
       "PIA               227.125000  64.312500\n",
       "Qatar Airways     170.000000  65.875000\n",
       "Saudi Airline     213.500000  45.500000\n",
       "Tata Airline      215.444444  68.555556"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Max Delay: 68.55555555555556 minutes'"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Max Duration: 265.1666666666667 minutes'"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "# Example: Calculate the average duration and delay for each airline\n",
    "average_stats = df.groupby(\"Airline\")[[\"Duration\", \"Delay\"]].mean()\n",
    "display(average_stats)\n",
    "\n",
    "display(f\"Max Delay: {average_stats['Delay'].max()} minutes\")\n",
    "display(f\"Max Duration: {average_stats['Duration'].max()} minutes\")\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Airline with the maximum average delay: Tata Airline'"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Airline with the maximum average duration: American Airline'"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "max_delay_airline = average_stats[\"Delay\"].idxmax()\n",
    "max_duration_airline = average_stats[\"Duration\"].idxmax()\n",
    "\n",
    "display(f\"Airline with the maximum average delay: {max_delay_airline}\")\n",
    "display(f\"Airline with the maximum average duration: {max_duration_airline}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
      "RangeIndex: 100 entries, 0 to 99\n",
      "Columns: 5 entries, FlightID to Delay\n",
      "dtypes: int64(3), object(2)\n",
      "memory usage: 4.0+ KB\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.info(verbose=False) # Provides a concise summary of the dataframe"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"Columns: Index(['FlightID', 'Airline', 'Destination', 'Duration', 'Delay'], dtype='object')\""
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"Keys: Index(['FlightID', 'Airline', 'Destination', 'Duration', 'Delay'], dtype='object')\""
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Index: RangeIndex(start=0, stop=100, step=1)'"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"Values: [[1 'American Airline' 'Sharjah' 330 18]\\n [2 'Tata Airline' 'Lahore' 320 17]\\n [3 'PIA' 'Washington' 297 93]\\n [4 'Japan Airways' 'Alaska' 199 84]\\n [5 'Japan Airways' 'Medina' 146 2]\\n [6 'Japan Airways' 'Medina' 169 69]\\n [7 'Qatar Airways' 'Dubai' 244 101]\\n [8 'Japan Airways' 'Delhi' 76 12]\\n [9 'Tata Airline' 'Medina' 212 44]\\n [10 'Emirates' 'Dhaka' 209 117]\\n [11 'American Airline' 'Riyadh' 170 66]\\n [12 'Saudi Airline' 'Dubai' 85 111]\\n [13 'PIA' 'Washington' 177 91]\\n [14 'PIA' 'Medina' 143 85]\\n [15 'American Airline' 'San Francisco' 221 39]\\n [16 'Emirates' 'Dubai' 288 39]\\n [17 'Qatar Airways' 'Delhi' 311 75]\\n [18 'Saudi Airline' 'Karachi' 181 22]\\n [19 'Saudi Airline' 'Mecca' 347 30]\\n [20 'PIA' 'Karachi' 73 17]\\n [21 'Qatar Airways' 'Dubai' 244 70]\\n [22 'Tata Airline' 'Alaska' 212 71]\\n [23 'Qatar Airways' 'Riyadh' 139 18]\\n [24 'Tata Airline' 'Karachi' 101 92]\\n [25 'PIA' 'Sharjah' 334 43]\\n [26 'Qatar Airways' 'Alaska' 100 83]\\n [27 'American Airline' 'Dubai' 267 49]\\n [28 'Japan Airways' 'Lahore' 327 41]\\n [29 'PIA' 'Medina' 226 93]\\n [30 'Japan Airways' 'Dhaka' 171 46]\\n [31 'Tata Airline' 'Washington' 189 21]\\n [32 'Saudi Airline' 'Dubai' 283 73]\\n [33 'PIA' 'Sharjah' 276 89]\\n [34 'Emirates' 'Karachi' 84 114]\\n [35 'Japan Airways' 'Mumbai' 127 96]\\n [36 'PIA' 'Sharjah' 319 91]\\n [37 'Qatar Airways' 'Washington' 294 73]\\n [38 'Japan Airways' 'Lahore' 264 28]\\n [39 'Tata Airline' 'Mumbai' 351 107]\\n [40 'Japan Airways' 'Karachi' 274 81]\\n [41 'Japan Airways' 'Dhaka' 249 105]\\n [42 'Saudi Airline' 'Karachi' 257 58]\\n [43 'PIA' 'San Francisco' 275 0]\\n [44 'Qatar Airways' 'Riyadh' 103 86]\\n [45 'Qatar Airways' 'San Francisco' 92 63]\\n [46 'Qatar Airways' 'Mumbai' 71 16]\\n [47 'PIA' 'Riyadh' 164 106]\\n [48 'Emirates' 'Karachi' 272 36]\\n [49 'American Airline' 'San Francisco' 198 94]\\n [50 'Japan Airways' 'Riyadh' 242 24]\\n [51 'Saudi Airline' 'Mecca' 185 116]\\n [52 'Japan Airways' 'Delhi' 216 63]\\n [53 'Emirates' 'Karachi' 171 67]\\n [54 'American Airline' 'Mumbai' 318 51]\\n [55 'Emirates' 'San Francisco' 87 8]\\n [56 'PIA' 'Dhaka' 277 56]\\n [57 'PIA' 'Sharjah' 211 91]\\n [58 'American Airline' 'Delhi' 234 93]\\n [59 'Tata Airline' 'Mecca' 208 110]\\n [60 'Tata Airline' 'Sharjah' 89 87]\\n [61 'Saudi Airline' 'Kuwait' 127 32]\\n [62 'PIA' 'Mumbai' 95 19]\\n [63 'American Airline' 'Colombo' 355 72]\\n [64 'Qatar Airways' 'Mumbai' 133 71]\\n [65 'American Airline' 'Karachi' 357 87]\\n [66 'Qatar Airways' 'Riyadh' 278 13]\\n [67 'Emirates' 'Dubai' 319 58]\\n [68 'Emirates' 'Dubai' 347 81]\\n [69 'PIA' 'Kuwait' 325 116]\\n [70 'Qatar Airways' 'Dubai' 87 55]\\n [71 'Qatar Airways' 'Kuwait' 259 64]\\n [72 'Qatar Airways' 'Riyadh' 121 75]\\n [73 'Qatar Airways' 'San Francisco' 104 92]\\n [74 'Japan Airways' 'Sharjah' 350 36]\\n [75 'Saudi Airline' 'Riyadh' 148 25]\\n [76 'Japan Airways' 'Colombo' 93 32]\\n [77 'Saudi Airline' 'Auckland' 193 42]\\n [78 'Emirates' 'Colombo' 292 14]\\n [79 'Japan Airways' 'Alaska' 315 86]\\n [80 'PIA' 'San Francisco' 96 28]\\n [81 'Saudi Airline' 'Colombo' 316 20]\\n [82 'Japan Airways' 'Alaska' 350 82]\\n [83 'Tata Airline' 'Karachi' 257 68]\\n [84 'American Airline' 'Riyadh' 314 22]\\n [85 'Qatar Airways' 'San Francisco' 140 99]\\n [86 'Emirates' 'Karachi' 196 83]\\n [87 'American Airline' 'Mumbai' 249 7]\\n [88 'Japan Airways' 'Alaska' 189 72]\\n [89 'American Airline' 'Dubai' 269 61]\\n [90 'Saudi Airline' 'Colombo' 351 13]\\n [91 'American Airline' 'Colombo' 228 5]\\n [92 'American Airline' 'Riyadh' 352 0]\\n [93 'Japan Airways' 'Washington' 236 8]\\n [94 'American Airline' 'Colombo' 85 79]\\n [95 'American Airline' 'Sharjah' 351 79]\\n [96 'American Airline' 'Karachi' 174 53]\\n [97 'PIA' 'Colombo' 346 11]\\n [98 'Saudi Airline' 'Mecca' 89 4]\\n [99 'American Airline' 'Riyadh' 301 39]\\n [100 'Japan Airways' 'Auckland' 349 92]]\""
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Shape: (100, 5)'"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Length: 100'"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Size: 500'"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Data types: FlightID        int64\\nAirline        object\\nDestination    object\\nDuration        int64\\nDelay           int64\\ndtype: object'"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Memory usage: Index          132\\nFlightID       800\\nAirline        800\\nDestination    800\\nDuration       800\\nDelay          800\\ndtype: int64'"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "display(f\"Columns: {df.columns}\")\n",
    "display(f\"Keys: {df.keys()}\")\n",
    "display(f\"Index: {df.index}\")\n",
    "display(f\"Values: {df.values}\")\n",
    "display(f\"Shape: {df.shape}\")\n",
    "display(f\"Length: {len(df)}\")\n",
    "display(f\"Size: {df.size}\")\n",
    "display(f\"Data types: {df.dtypes}\")\n",
    "display(f\"Memory usage: {df.memory_usage()}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>FlightID</th>\n",
       "      <th>Duration</th>\n",
       "      <th>Delay</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>count</th>\n",
       "      <td>100.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>100.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>100.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>mean</th>\n",
       "      <td>50.500000</td>\n",
       "      <td>222.350000</td>\n",
       "      <td>58.360000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>std</th>\n",
       "      <td>29.011492</td>\n",
       "      <td>89.210496</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.702058</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>min</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25%</th>\n",
       "      <td>25.750000</td>\n",
       "      <td>145.250000</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.250000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>50%</th>\n",
       "      <td>50.500000</td>\n",
       "      <td>227.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>63.500000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>75%</th>\n",
       "      <td>75.250000</td>\n",
       "      <td>298.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>86.250000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>max</th>\n",
       "      <td>100.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>357.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>117.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         FlightID    Duration       Delay\n",
       "count  100.000000  100.000000  100.000000\n",
       "mean    50.500000  222.350000   58.360000\n",
       "std     29.011492   89.210496   33.702058\n",
       "min      1.000000   71.000000    0.000000\n",
       "25%     25.750000  145.250000   27.250000\n",
       "50%     50.500000  227.000000   63.500000\n",
       "75%     75.250000  298.000000   86.250000\n",
       "max    100.000000  357.000000  117.000000"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.describe() # Generates descriptive statistics of the dataframe"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Airline\n",
       "Japan Airways       19\n",
       "American Airline    18\n",
       "PIA                 16\n",
       "Qatar Airways       16\n",
       "Saudi Airline       12\n",
       "Emirates            10\n",
       "Tata Airline         9\n",
       "Name: count, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Display max value in each column:              Airline Destination  Delay  Duration\n",
      "0   American Airline     Sharjah     18       330\n",
      "1       Tata Airline      Lahore     17       320\n",
      "2                PIA  Washington     93       297\n",
      "3      Japan Airways      Alaska     84       199\n",
      "4      Japan Airways      Medina      2       146\n",
      "..               ...         ...    ...       ...\n",
      "95  American Airline     Karachi     53       174\n",
      "96               PIA     Colombo     11       346\n",
      "97     Saudi Airline       Mecca      4        89\n",
      "98  American Airline      Riyadh     39       301\n",
      "99     Japan Airways    Auckland     92       349\n",
      "\n",
      "[100 rows x 4 columns]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "display(df['Airline'].value_counts()) # Returns the count of unique values in the 'Airline' column\n",
    "print(f\"Display max value in each column: {df[['Airline','Destination','Delay','Duration']]}\") # Returns the maximum value in each column"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Conditional selection"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>FlightID</th>\n",
       "      <th>Airline</th>\n",
       "      <th>Destination</th>\n",
       "      <th>Duration</th>\n",
       "      <th>Delay</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Delhi</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saudi Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dubai</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>111</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Karachi</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>33</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>Emirates</td>\n",
       "      <td>Karachi</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>114</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>45</th>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>Qatar Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mumbai</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>54</th>\n",
       "      <td>55</td>\n",
       "      <td>Emirates</td>\n",
       "      <td>San Francisco</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>59</th>\n",
       "      <td>60</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tata Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sharjah</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>69</th>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>Qatar Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dubai</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>55</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>93</th>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Colombo</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>97</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saudi Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mecca</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    FlightID           Airline    Destination  Duration  Delay\n",
       "7          8     Japan Airways          Delhi        76     12\n",
       "11        12     Saudi Airline          Dubai        85    111\n",
       "19        20               PIA        Karachi        73     17\n",
       "33        34          Emirates        Karachi        84    114\n",
       "45        46     Qatar Airways         Mumbai        71     16\n",
       "54        55          Emirates  San Francisco        87      8\n",
       "59        60      Tata Airline        Sharjah        89     87\n",
       "69        70     Qatar Airways          Dubai        87     55\n",
       "93        94  American Airline        Colombo        85     79\n",
       "97        98     Saudi Airline          Mecca        89      4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df[df['Duration'] < 90] #Performing list comprehension on the dataframe"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>FlightID</th>\n",
       "      <th>Duration</th>\n",
       "      <th>Delay</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>330</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>320</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>297</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>199</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>146</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>95</th>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>174</td>\n",
       "      <td>53</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>96</th>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>346</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>97</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>98</th>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>301</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>99</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>349</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>100 rows × 3 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    FlightID  Duration  Delay\n",
       "0          1       330     18\n",
       "1          2       320     17\n",
       "2          3       297     93\n",
       "3          4       199     84\n",
       "4          5       146      2\n",
       "..       ...       ...    ...\n",
       "95        96       174     53\n",
       "96        97       346     11\n",
       "97        98        89      4\n",
       "98        99       301     39\n",
       "99       100       349     92\n",
       "\n",
       "[100 rows x 3 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Selecting columns based on data types\n",
    "df.select_dtypes('int') # Selects columns with numeric data types"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Filtering rows\n",
    "\n",
    "The `loc` and the `iloc` method"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(320, 320)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "df.iloc[1,3], df.loc[1,'Duration']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Airline</th>\n",
       "      <th>Destination</th>\n",
       "      <th>Duration</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
       "      <td>297</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
       "      <td>199</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Medina</td>\n",
       "      <td>146</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Medina</td>\n",
       "      <td>169</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>Qatar Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dubai</td>\n",
       "      <td>244</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         Airline Destination  Duration\n",
       "2            PIA  Washington       297\n",
       "3  Japan Airways      Alaska       199\n",
       "4  Japan Airways      Medina       146\n",
       "5  Japan Airways      Medina       169\n",
       "6  Qatar Airways       Dubai       244"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.loc[\n",
    "    2:6, \"Airline\":\"Duration\"\n",
    "]  # Selects rows 2 to 6 and columns 'Airline' to 'Duration'"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Destination</th>\n",
       "      <th>Duration</th>\n",
       "      <th>Delay</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Sharjah</td>\n",
       "      <td>330</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Lahore</td>\n",
       "      <td>320</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
       "      <td>297</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
       "      <td>199</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Medina</td>\n",
       "      <td>146</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  Destination  Duration  Delay\n",
       "0     Sharjah       330     18\n",
       "1      Lahore       320     17\n",
       "2  Washington       297     93\n",
       "3      Alaska       199     84\n",
       "4      Medina       146      2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.iloc[0:5, 2:5] # Selecting a subset of the dataframe"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Filtering using `query` method"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>FlightID</th>\n",
       "      <th>Airline</th>\n",
       "      <th>Destination</th>\n",
       "      <th>Duration</th>\n",
       "      <th>Delay</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sharjah</td>\n",
       "      <td>330</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tata Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lahore</td>\n",
       "      <td>320</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>Qatar Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Delhi</td>\n",
       "      <td>311</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saudi Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mecca</td>\n",
       "      <td>347</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sharjah</td>\n",
       "      <td>334</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lahore</td>\n",
       "      <td>327</td>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>35</th>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sharjah</td>\n",
       "      <td>319</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>38</th>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tata Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mumbai</td>\n",
       "      <td>351</td>\n",
       "      <td>107</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>53</th>\n",
       "      <td>54</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mumbai</td>\n",
       "      <td>318</td>\n",
       "      <td>51</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>62</th>\n",
       "      <td>63</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Colombo</td>\n",
       "      <td>355</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>64</th>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Karachi</td>\n",
       "      <td>357</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>66</th>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "      <td>Emirates</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dubai</td>\n",
       "      <td>319</td>\n",
       "      <td>58</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>67</th>\n",
       "      <td>68</td>\n",
       "      <td>Emirates</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dubai</td>\n",
       "      <td>347</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>68</th>\n",
       "      <td>69</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kuwait</td>\n",
       "      <td>325</td>\n",
       "      <td>116</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>73</th>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sharjah</td>\n",
       "      <td>350</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>78</th>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
       "      <td>315</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>80</th>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saudi Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Colombo</td>\n",
       "      <td>316</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>81</th>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
       "      <td>350</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>83</th>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Riyadh</td>\n",
       "      <td>314</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>89</th>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saudi Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Colombo</td>\n",
       "      <td>351</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>91</th>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Riyadh</td>\n",
       "      <td>352</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>94</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sharjah</td>\n",
       "      <td>351</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>96</th>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Colombo</td>\n",
       "      <td>346</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>98</th>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Riyadh</td>\n",
       "      <td>301</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>99</th>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Auckland</td>\n",
       "      <td>349</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    FlightID           Airline Destination  Duration  Delay\n",
       "0          1  American Airline     Sharjah       330     18\n",
       "1          2      Tata Airline      Lahore       320     17\n",
       "16        17     Qatar Airways       Delhi       311     75\n",
       "18        19     Saudi Airline       Mecca       347     30\n",
       "24        25               PIA     Sharjah       334     43\n",
       "27        28     Japan Airways      Lahore       327     41\n",
       "35        36               PIA     Sharjah       319     91\n",
       "38        39      Tata Airline      Mumbai       351    107\n",
       "53        54  American Airline      Mumbai       318     51\n",
       "62        63  American Airline     Colombo       355     72\n",
       "64        65  American Airline     Karachi       357     87\n",
       "66        67          Emirates       Dubai       319     58\n",
       "67        68          Emirates       Dubai       347     81\n",
       "68        69               PIA      Kuwait       325    116\n",
       "73        74     Japan Airways     Sharjah       350     36\n",
       "78        79     Japan Airways      Alaska       315     86\n",
       "80        81     Saudi Airline     Colombo       316     20\n",
       "81        82     Japan Airways      Alaska       350     82\n",
       "83        84  American Airline      Riyadh       314     22\n",
       "89        90     Saudi Airline     Colombo       351     13\n",
       "91        92  American Airline      Riyadh       352      0\n",
       "94        95  American Airline     Sharjah       351     79\n",
       "96        97               PIA     Colombo       346     11\n",
       "98        99  American Airline      Riyadh       301     39\n",
       "99       100     Japan Airways    Auckland       349     92"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.query(\"Duration > 300\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>FlightID</th>\n",
       "      <th>Airline</th>\n",
       "      <th>Destination</th>\n",
       "      <th>Duration</th>\n",
       "      <th>Delay</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sharjah</td>\n",
       "      <td>330</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tata Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lahore</td>\n",
       "      <td>320</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Medina</td>\n",
       "      <td>146</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Delhi</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saudi Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Karachi</td>\n",
       "      <td>181</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Karachi</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>Qatar Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Riyadh</td>\n",
       "      <td>139</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tata Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
       "      <td>189</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>37</th>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lahore</td>\n",
       "      <td>264</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>42</th>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>San Francisco</td>\n",
       "      <td>275</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>45</th>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>Qatar Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mumbai</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>49</th>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Riyadh</td>\n",
       "      <td>242</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>54</th>\n",
       "      <td>55</td>\n",
       "      <td>Emirates</td>\n",
       "      <td>San Francisco</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>61</th>\n",
       "      <td>62</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mumbai</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>65</th>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "      <td>Qatar Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Riyadh</td>\n",
       "      <td>278</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>74</th>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saudi Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Riyadh</td>\n",
       "      <td>148</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>77</th>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>Emirates</td>\n",
       "      <td>Colombo</td>\n",
       "      <td>292</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>79</th>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>San Francisco</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>80</th>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saudi Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Colombo</td>\n",
       "      <td>316</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>83</th>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Riyadh</td>\n",
       "      <td>314</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>86</th>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mumbai</td>\n",
       "      <td>249</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>89</th>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saudi Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Colombo</td>\n",
       "      <td>351</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>90</th>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Colombo</td>\n",
       "      <td>228</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>91</th>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>American Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Riyadh</td>\n",
       "      <td>352</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>92</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>Japan Airways</td>\n",
       "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
       "      <td>236</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>96</th>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Colombo</td>\n",
       "      <td>346</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>97</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>Saudi Airline</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mecca</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    FlightID           Airline    Destination  Duration  Delay\n",
       "0          1  American Airline        Sharjah       330     18\n",
       "1          2      Tata Airline         Lahore       320     17\n",
       "4          5     Japan Airways         Medina       146      2\n",
       "7          8     Japan Airways          Delhi        76     12\n",
       "17        18     Saudi Airline        Karachi       181     22\n",
       "19        20               PIA        Karachi        73     17\n",
       "22        23     Qatar Airways         Riyadh       139     18\n",
       "30        31      Tata Airline     Washington       189     21\n",
       "37        38     Japan Airways         Lahore       264     28\n",
       "42        43               PIA  San Francisco       275      0\n",
       "45        46     Qatar Airways         Mumbai        71     16\n",
       "49        50     Japan Airways         Riyadh       242     24\n",
       "54        55          Emirates  San Francisco        87      8\n",
       "61        62               PIA         Mumbai        95     19\n",
       "65        66     Qatar Airways         Riyadh       278     13\n",
       "74        75     Saudi Airline         Riyadh       148     25\n",
       "77        78          Emirates        Colombo       292     14\n",
       "79        80               PIA  San Francisco        96     28\n",
       "80        81     Saudi Airline        Colombo       316     20\n",
       "83        84  American Airline         Riyadh       314     22\n",
       "86        87  American Airline         Mumbai       249      7\n",
       "89        90     Saudi Airline        Colombo       351     13\n",
       "90        91  American Airline        Colombo       228      5\n",
       "91        92  American Airline         Riyadh       352      0\n",
       "92        93     Japan Airways     Washington       236      8\n",
       "96        97               PIA        Colombo       346     11\n",
       "97        98     Saudi Airline          Mecca        89      4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Multiple conditions\n",
    "\n",
    "df.query((\"Duration > 300\") and (\"Delay < 30\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Unique values"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array(['American Airline', 'Tata Airline', 'PIA', 'Japan Airways',\n",
       "       'Qatar Airways', 'Emirates', 'Saudi Airline'], dtype=object)"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "7"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "display(df['Airline'].unique()) # Returns the unique values in the 'Airline' column\n",
    "\n",
    "df['Airline'].nunique() # Returns the number of unique values in the 'Airline' column"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Airline\n",
       "Japan Airways       19\n",
       "American Airline    18\n",
       "PIA                 16\n",
       "Qatar Airways       16\n",
       "Saudi Airline       12\n",
       "Emirates            10\n",
       "Tata Airline         9\n",
       "Name: count, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Airline\n",
       "Japan Airways       0.19\n",
       "American Airline    0.18\n",
       "PIA                 0.16\n",
       "Qatar Airways       0.16\n",
       "Saudi Airline       0.12\n",
       "Emirates            0.10\n",
       "Tata Airline        0.09\n",
       "Name: proportion, dtype: float64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "display(df['Airline'].value_counts())\n",
    "\n",
    "# Returns the frequency of each unique value in the 'Airline' column\n",
    "df['Airline'].value_counts(normalize=True) "
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "venv",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.12.4"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 2
}