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termcap.3
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termcap.3
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.\" $OpenBSD: src/lib/libcurses/termcap.3,v 1.8 2010/01/12 23:21:59 nicm Exp $
.\"
.\"***************************************************************************
.\" Copyright (c) 1998-2006,2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
.\" *
.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including *
.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, *
.\" distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell *
.\" copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is *
.\" furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: *
.\" *
.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included *
.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *
.\" *
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS *
.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF *
.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. *
.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, *
.\" DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR *
.\" OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR *
.\" THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *
.\" *
.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright *
.\" holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the *
.\" sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
.\" authorization. *
.\"***************************************************************************
.\"
.\" $Id: curs_termcap.3x,v 1.22 2007/06/02 20:40:07 tom Exp $
.TH termcap 3 ""
.ds n 5
.SH NAME
\fBtgetent\fR,
\fBtgetflag\fR,
\fBtgetnum\fR,
\fBtgetstr\fR,
\fBtgoto\fR,
\fBtputs\fR - direct \fBcurses\fR interface to the terminfo capability database
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fB#include <curses.h>\fR
.br
\fB#include <term.h>\fR
.sp
\fBextern char PC;\fR
.br
\fBextern char * UP;\fR
.br
\fBextern char * BC;\fR
.br
\fBextern short ospeed;\fR
.sp
\fBint tgetent(char *bp, const char *name);\fR
.br
\fBint tgetflag(char *id);\fR
.br
\fBint tgetnum(char *id);\fR
.br
\fBchar *tgetstr(char *id, char **area);\fR
.br
\fBchar *tgoto(const char *cap, int col, int row);\fR
.br
\fBint tputs(const char *str, int affcnt, int (*putc)(int));\fR
.br
.SH DESCRIPTION
These routines are included as a conversion aid for programs that use
the \fItermcap\fR library. Their parameters are the same and the
routines are emulated using the \fIterminfo\fR database. Thus, they
can only be used to query the capabilities of entries for which a
terminfo entry has been compiled.
.PP
The \fBtgetent\fR routine loads the entry for \fIname\fR.
It returns 1 on success, 0 if there is no such entry, and -1 if the
terminfo database could not be found.
The emulation ignores the buffer pointer \fIbp\fR.
.PP
The \fBtgetflag\fR routine gets the boolean entry for \fIid\fR,
or zero if it is not available.
.PP
The \fBtgetnum\fR routine gets the numeric entry for \fIid\fR,
or -1 if it is not available.
.PP
The \fBtgetstr\fR routine returns the string entry for \fIid\fR,
or zero if it is not available.
Use \fBtputs\fR to output the returned string.
The return value will also be copied to the buffer pointed to by \fIarea\fR,
and the \fIarea\fR value will be updated to point past the null ending
this value.
.PP
Only the first two characters of the \fBid\fR parameter of
\fBtgetflag\fR,
\fBtgetnum\fR and
\fBtgetstr\fR are compared in lookups.
.PP
The \fBtgoto\fR routine instantiates the parameters into the given capability.
The output from this routine is to be passed to \fBtputs\fR.
.PP
The \fBtputs\fR routine is described on the \fBterminfo\fR(3) manual
page. It can retrieve capabilities by either termcap or terminfo name.
.PP
The variables
\fBPC\fR,
\fBUP\fR and
\fBBC\fR
are set by \fBtgetent\fR to the terminfo entry's data for
\fBpad_char\fR,
\fBcursor_up\fR and
\fBbackspace_if_not_bs\fR,
respectively.
\fBUP\fR is not used by ncurses.
\fBPC\fR is used in the \fBtdelay_output\fR function.
\fBBC\fR is used in the \fBtgoto\fR emulation.
The variable \fBospeed\fR is set by ncurses in a system-specific coding
to reflect the terminal speed.
.
.SH RETURN VALUE
Except where explicitly noted,
routines that return an integer return \fBERR\fR upon failure and \fBOK\fR
(SVr4 only specifies "an integer value other than \fBERR\fR") upon successful
completion.
.PP
Routines that return pointers return \fBNULL\fR on error.
.SH BUGS
If you call \fBtgetstr\fR to fetch \fBca\fR or any other parameterized string,
be aware that it will be returned in terminfo notation, not the older and
not-quite-compatible termcap notation. This will not cause problems if all
you do with it is call \fBtgoto\fR or \fBtparm\fR, which both expand
terminfo-style strings as terminfo.
(The \fBtgoto\fR function, if configured to support termcap, will check
if the string is indeed terminfo-style by looking for "%p" parameters or
"$<..>" delays, and invoke a termcap-style parser if the string does not
appear to be terminfo).
.PP
Because terminfo conventions for representing padding in string capabilities
differ from termcap's, \fBtputs("50");\fR will put out a literal "50" rather
than busy-waiting for 50 milliseconds. Cope with it.
.PP
Note that termcap has nothing analogous to terminfo's \fBsgr\fR string.
One consequence of this is that termcap applications assume \fRme\fR
(terminfo \fBsgr0\fR) does not reset the alternate character set.
This implementation checks for, and modifies the data shown to the
termcap interface to accommodate termcap's limitation in this respect.
.SH PORTABILITY
The XSI Curses standard, Issue 4 describes these functions. However, they
are marked TO BE WITHDRAWN and may be removed in future versions.
.PP
Neither the XSI Curses standard nor the SVr4 man pages documented the return
values of \fBtgetent\fR correctly, though all three were in fact returned ever
since SVr1.
In particular, an omission in the XSI Curses documentation has been
misinterpreted to mean that \fBtgetent\fR returns \fBOK\fR or \fBERR\fR.
Because the purpose of these functions is to provide compatibility with
the \fItermcap\fR library, that is a defect in XCurses, Issue 4, Version 2
rather than in ncurses.
.PP
External variables are provided for support of certain termcap applications.
However, termcap applications' use of those variables is poorly documented,
e.g., not distinguishing between input and output.
In particular, some applications are reported to declare and/or
modify \fBospeed\fR.
.SH SEE ALSO
\fBcurses\fR(3), \fBterminfo\fR(\*n), \fBputc\fR(3).
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