Add docstrings and doctests and fix a bug ciphers/trifid_cipher.py (#10716)

* Added docstrings,doctests and fixed a bug

* Added docstrings,doctests and fixed a bug

* Added docstrings,doctests and fixed a bug

* Added docstrings and doctests with a bug fix

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* Added docstrings and doctests with a bug fix

* Update ciphers/trifid_cipher.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Update ciphers/trifid_cipher.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* Docstrings edit

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* Update trifid_cipher.py

* Update pyproject.toml

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

Author: 3 people

Diff for: ciphers/trifid_cipher.py

@@ -1,15 +1,35 @@
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifid_cipher
+"""
+The trifid cipher uses a table to fractionate each plaintext letter into a trigram,
+mixes the constituents of the trigrams, and then applies the table in reverse to turn
+these mixed trigrams into ciphertext letters.
+
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifid_cipher
+"""
+
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+# fmt: off
+TEST_CHARACTER_TO_NUMBER = {
+    "A": "111", "B": "112", "C": "113", "D": "121", "E": "122", "F": "123", "G": "131",
+    "H": "132", "I": "133", "J": "211", "K": "212", "L": "213", "M": "221", "N": "222",
+    "O": "223", "P": "231", "Q": "232", "R": "233", "S": "311", "T": "312", "U": "313",
+    "V": "321", "W": "322", "X": "323", "Y": "331", "Z": "332", "+": "333",
+}
+# fmt: off
 
-def __encrypt_part(message_part: str, character_to_number: dict[str, str]) -> str:
-    one, two, three = "", "", ""
-    tmp = []
+TEST_NUMBER_TO_CHARACTER = {val: key for key, val in TEST_CHARACTER_TO_NUMBER.items()}
 
-    for character in message_part:
-        tmp.append(character_to_number[character])
 
-    for each in tmp:
+def __encrypt_part(message_part: str, character_to_number: dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    """
+    Arrange the triagram value of each letter of 'message_part' vertically and join
+    them horizontally.
+
+    >>> __encrypt_part('ASK', TEST_CHARACTER_TO_NUMBER)
+    '132111112'
+    """
+    one, two, three = "", "", ""
+    for each in (character_to_number[character] for character in message_part):
         one += each[0]
         two += each[1]
         three += each[2]
@@ -20,12 +40,16 @@ def __encrypt_part(message_part: str, character_to_number: dict[str, str]) -> st
 def __decrypt_part(
     message_part: str, character_to_number: dict[str, str]
 ) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
-    tmp, this_part = "", ""
+    """
+    Convert each letter of the input string into their respective trigram values, join
+    them and split them into three equal groups of strings which are returned.
+
+    >>> __decrypt_part('ABCDE', TEST_CHARACTER_TO_NUMBER)
+    ('11111', '21131', '21122')
+    """
+    this_part = "".join(character_to_number[character] for character in message_part)
     result = []
-
-    for character in message_part:
-        this_part += character_to_number[character]
-
+    tmp = ""
     for digit in this_part:
         tmp += digit
         if len(tmp) == len(message_part):
@@ -38,97 +62,148 @@ def __decrypt_part(
 def __prepare(
     message: str, alphabet: str
 ) -> tuple[str, str, dict[str, str], dict[str, str]]:
+    """
+    A helper function that generates the triagrams and assigns each letter of the
+    alphabet to its corresponding triagram and stores this in a dictionary
+    ("character_to_number" and "number_to_character") after confirming if the
+    alphabet's length is 27.
+
+    >>> test = __prepare('I aM a BOy','abCdeFghijkLmnopqrStuVwxYZ+')
+    >>> expected = ('IAMABOY','ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ+',
+    ... TEST_CHARACTER_TO_NUMBER, TEST_NUMBER_TO_CHARACTER)
+    >>> test == expected
+    True
+
+    Testing with incomplete alphabet
+    >>> __prepare('I aM a BOy','abCdeFghijkLmnopqrStuVw')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    KeyError: 'Length of alphabet has to be 27.'
+
+    Testing with extra long alphabets
+    >>> __prepare('I aM a BOy','abCdeFghijkLmnopqrStuVwxyzzwwtyyujjgfd')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    KeyError: 'Length of alphabet has to be 27.'
+
+    Testing with punctuations that are not in the given alphabet
+    >>> __prepare('am i a boy?','abCdeFghijkLmnopqrStuVwxYZ+')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Each message character has to be included in alphabet!
+
+    Testing with numbers
+    >>> __prepare(500,'abCdeFghijkLmnopqrStuVwxYZ+')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'replace'
+    """
     # Validate message and alphabet, set to upper and remove spaces
     alphabet = alphabet.replace(" ", "").upper()
     message = message.replace(" ", "").upper()
 
     # Check length and characters
     if len(alphabet) != 27:
         raise KeyError("Length of alphabet has to be 27.")
-    for each in message:
-        if each not in alphabet:
-            raise ValueError("Each message character has to be included in alphabet!")
+    if any(char not in alphabet for char in message):
+        raise ValueError("Each message character has to be included in alphabet!")
 
     # Generate dictionares
-    numbers = (
-        "111",
-        "112",
-        "113",
-        "121",
-        "122",
-        "123",
-        "131",
-        "132",
-        "133",
-        "211",
-        "212",
-        "213",
-        "221",
-        "222",
-        "223",
-        "231",
-        "232",
-        "233",
-        "311",
-        "312",
-        "313",
-        "321",
-        "322",
-        "323",
-        "331",
-        "332",
-        "333",
-    )
-    character_to_number = {}
-    number_to_character = {}
-    for letter, number in zip(alphabet, numbers):
-        character_to_number[letter] = number
-        number_to_character[number] = letter
+    character_to_number = dict(zip(alphabet, TEST_CHARACTER_TO_NUMBER.values()))
+    number_to_character = {
+        number: letter for letter, number in character_to_number.items()
+    }
 
     return message, alphabet, character_to_number, number_to_character
 
 
 def encrypt_message(
     message: str, alphabet: str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.", period: int = 5
 ) -> str:
+    """
+    encrypt_message
+    ===============
+
+    Encrypts a message using the trifid_cipher. Any punctuatuions that
+    would be used should be added to the alphabet.
+
+    PARAMETERS
+    ----------
+
+    *   message: The message you want to encrypt.
+    *   alphabet (optional): The characters to be used for the cipher .
+    *   period (optional): The number of characters you want in a group whilst
+        encrypting.
+
+    >>> encrypt_message('I am a boy')
+    'BCDGBQY'
+
+    >>> encrypt_message(' ')
+    ''
+
+    >>> encrypt_message('   aide toi le c  iel      ta id  era    ',
+    ... 'FELIXMARDSTBCGHJKNOPQUVWYZ+',5)
+    'FMJFVOISSUFTFPUFEQQC'
+
+    """
     message, alphabet, character_to_number, number_to_character = __prepare(
         message, alphabet
     )
-    encrypted, encrypted_numeric = "", ""
 
+    encrypted_numeric = ""
     for i in range(0, len(message) + 1, period):
         encrypted_numeric += __encrypt_part(
             message[i : i + period], character_to_number
         )
 
+    encrypted = ""
     for i in range(0, len(encrypted_numeric), 3):
         encrypted += number_to_character[encrypted_numeric[i : i + 3]]
-
     return encrypted
 
 
 def decrypt_message(
     message: str, alphabet: str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.", period: int = 5
 ) -> str:
+    """
+    decrypt_message
+    ===============
+
+    Decrypts a trifid_cipher encrypted message .
+
+    PARAMETERS
+    ----------
+
+    *   message: The message you want to decrypt .
+    *   alphabet (optional): The characters used for the cipher.
+    *   period (optional): The number of characters used in grouping when it
+        was encrypted.
+
+    >>> decrypt_message('BCDGBQY')
+    'IAMABOY'
+
+    Decrypting with your own alphabet and period
+    >>> decrypt_message('FMJFVOISSUFTFPUFEQQC','FELIXMARDSTBCGHJKNOPQUVWYZ+',5)
+    'AIDETOILECIELTAIDERA'
+    """
     message, alphabet, character_to_number, number_to_character = __prepare(
         message, alphabet
     )
-    decrypted_numeric = []
-    decrypted = ""
 
-    for i in range(0, len(message) + 1, period):
+    decrypted_numeric = []
+    for i in range(0, len(message), period):
         a, b, c = __decrypt_part(message[i : i + period], character_to_number)
 
         for j in range(len(a)):
             decrypted_numeric.append(a[j] + b[j] + c[j])
 
-    for each in decrypted_numeric:
-        decrypted += number_to_character[each]
-
-    return decrypted
+    return "".join(number_to_character[each] for each in decrypted_numeric)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()
     msg = "DEFEND THE EAST WALL OF THE CASTLE."
     encrypted = encrypt_message(msg, "EPSDUCVWYM.ZLKXNBTFGORIJHAQ")
     decrypted = decrypt_message(encrypted, "EPSDUCVWYM.ZLKXNBTFGORIJHAQ")

Diff for: pyproject.toml

@@ -135,5 +135,5 @@ omit = [
 sort = "Cover"
 
 [tool.codespell]
-ignore-words-list = "3rt,ans,crate,damon,fo,followings,hist,iff,kwanza,manuel,mater,secant,som,sur,tim,zar"
+ignore-words-list = "3rt,ans,crate,damon,fo,followings,hist,iff,kwanza,manuel,mater,secant,som,sur,tim,toi,zar"
 skip = "./.*,*.json,ciphers/prehistoric_men.txt,project_euler/problem_022/p022_names.txt,pyproject.toml,strings/dictionary.txt,strings/words.txt"