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spec.html
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<!doctype html><html lang="en">
<head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
<title>Capability Delegation</title>
<meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" name="viewport">
<link href="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/cg-draft" rel="stylesheet">
<meta content="Bikeshed version f043d3484, updated Fri Feb 17 10:53:48 2023 -0800" name="generator">
<link href="https://wicg.github.io/capability-delegation/spec.html" rel="canonical">
<style>/* style-autolinks */
.css.css, .property.property, .descriptor.descriptor {
color: var(--a-normal-text);
font-size: inherit;
font-family: inherit;
}
.css::before, .property::before, .descriptor::before {
content: "‘";
}
.css::after, .property::after, .descriptor::after {
content: "’";
}
.property, .descriptor {
/* Don't wrap property and descriptor names */
white-space: nowrap;
}
.type { /* CSS value <type> */
font-style: italic;
}
pre .property::before, pre .property::after {
content: "";
}
[data-link-type="property"]::before,
[data-link-type="propdesc"]::before,
[data-link-type="descriptor"]::before,
[data-link-type="value"]::before,
[data-link-type="function"]::before,
[data-link-type="at-rule"]::before,
[data-link-type="selector"]::before,
[data-link-type="maybe"]::before {
content: "‘";
}
[data-link-type="property"]::after,
[data-link-type="propdesc"]::after,
[data-link-type="descriptor"]::after,
[data-link-type="value"]::after,
[data-link-type="function"]::after,
[data-link-type="at-rule"]::after,
[data-link-type="selector"]::after,
[data-link-type="maybe"]::after {
content: "’";
}
[data-link-type].production::before,
[data-link-type].production::after,
.prod [data-link-type]::before,
.prod [data-link-type]::after {
content: "";
}
[data-link-type=element],
[data-link-type=element-attr] {
font-family: Menlo, Consolas, "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace;
font-size: .9em;
}
[data-link-type=element]::before { content: "<" }
[data-link-type=element]::after { content: ">" }
[data-link-type=biblio] {
white-space: pre;
}
</style>
<style>/* style-colors */
/* Any --*-text not paired with a --*-bg is assumed to have a transparent bg */
:root {
color-scheme: light dark;
--text: black;
--bg: white;
--unofficial-watermark: url(https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2016/logos/UD-watermark);
--logo-bg: #1a5e9a;
--logo-active-bg: #c00;
--logo-text: white;
--tocnav-normal-text: #707070;
--tocnav-normal-bg: var(--bg);
--tocnav-hover-text: var(--tocnav-normal-text);
--tocnav-hover-bg: #f8f8f8;
--tocnav-active-text: #c00;
--tocnav-active-bg: var(--tocnav-normal-bg);
--tocsidebar-text: var(--text);
--tocsidebar-bg: #f7f8f9;
--tocsidebar-shadow: rgba(0,0,0,.1);
--tocsidebar-heading-text: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
--toclink-text: var(--text);
--toclink-underline: #3980b5;
--toclink-visited-text: var(--toclink-text);
--toclink-visited-underline: #054572;
--heading-text: #005a9c;
--hr-text: var(--text);
--algo-border: #def;
--del-text: red;
--del-bg: transparent;
--ins-text: #080;
--ins-bg: transparent;
--a-normal-text: #034575;
--a-normal-underline: #bbb;
--a-visited-text: var(--a-normal-text);
--a-visited-underline: #707070;
--a-hover-bg: rgba(75%, 75%, 75%, .25);
--a-active-text: #c00;
--a-active-underline: #c00;
--blockquote-border: silver;
--blockquote-bg: transparent;
--blockquote-text: currentcolor;
--issue-border: #e05252;
--issue-bg: #fbe9e9;
--issue-text: var(--text);
--issueheading-text: #831616;
--example-border: #e0cb52;
--example-bg: #fcfaee;
--example-text: var(--text);
--exampleheading-text: #574b0f;
--note-border: #52e052;
--note-bg: #e9fbe9;
--note-text: var(--text);
--noteheading-text: hsl(120, 70%, 30%);
--notesummary-underline: silver;
--assertion-border: #aaa;
--assertion-bg: #eee;
--assertion-text: black;
--advisement-border: orange;
--advisement-bg: #fec;
--advisement-text: var(--text);
--advisementheading-text: #b35f00;
--warning-border: red;
--warning-bg: hsla(40,100%,50%,0.95);
--warning-text: var(--text);
--amendment-border: #330099;
--amendment-bg: #F5F0FF;
--amendment-text: var(--text);
--amendmentheading-text: #220066;
--def-border: #8ccbf2;
--def-bg: #def;
--def-text: var(--text);
--defrow-border: #bbd7e9;
--datacell-border: silver;
--indexinfo-text: #707070;
--indextable-hover-text: black;
--indextable-hover-bg: #f7f8f9;
--outdatedspec-bg: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);
--outdatedspec-text: black;
--outdated-bg: maroon;
--outdated-text: white;
--outdated-shadow: red;
--editedrec-bg: darkorange;
}
</style>
<style>/* style-counters */
body {
counter-reset: example figure issue;
}
.issue {
counter-increment: issue;
}
.issue:not(.no-marker)::before {
content: "Issue " counter(issue);
}
.example {
counter-increment: example;
}
.example:not(.no-marker)::before {
content: "Example " counter(example);
}
.invalid.example:not(.no-marker)::before,
.illegal.example:not(.no-marker)::before {
content: "Invalid Example" counter(example);
}
figcaption {
counter-increment: figure;
}
figcaption:not(.no-marker)::before {
content: "Figure " counter(figure) " ";
}
</style>
<style>/* style-dfn-panel */
:root {
--dfnpanel-bg: #ddd;
--dfnpanel-text: var(--text);
}
.dfn-panel {
position: absolute;
z-index: 35;
width: 20em;
min-width: min-content;
max-width: 300px;
height: auto;
max-height: 500px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
font: small Helvetica Neue, sans-serif, Droid Sans Fallback;
background: var(--dfnpanel-bg);
color: var(--dfnpanel-text);
border: outset 0.2em;
white-space: normal; /* in case it's moved into a pre */
}
.dfn-panel:not(.on) { display: none; }
.dfn-panel * { margin: 0; padding: 0; text-indent: 0; }
.dfn-panel > b { display: block; }
.dfn-panel a { color: var(--dfnpanel-text); }
.dfn-panel a:not(:hover) { text-decoration: none !important; border-bottom: none !important; }
.dfn-panel > b + b { margin-top: 0.25em; }
.dfn-panel ul { padding: 0; }
.dfn-panel li { list-style: inside; }
.dfn-panel.activated {
display: inline-block;
position: fixed;
left: .5em;
bottom: 2em;
margin: 0 auto;
max-width: calc(100vw - 1.5em - .4em - .5em);
max-height: 30vh;
}
.dfn-paneled { cursor: pointer; }
</style>
<style>/* style-issues */
a[href].issue-return {
float: right;
float: inline-end;
color: var(--issueheading-text);
font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: none;
}
</style>
<style>/* style-md-lists */
/* This is a weird hack for me not yet following the commonmark spec
regarding paragraph and lists. */
[data-md] > :first-child {
margin-top: 0;
}
[data-md] > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
</style>
<style>/* style-selflinks */
:root {
--selflink-text: white;
--selflink-bg: gray;
--selflink-hover-text: black;
}
.heading, .issue, .note, .example, li, dt {
position: relative;
}
a.self-link {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: calc(-1 * (3.5rem - 26px));
width: calc(3.5rem - 26px);
height: 2em;
text-align: center;
border: none;
transition: opacity .2s;
opacity: .5;
}
a.self-link:hover {
opacity: 1;
}
.heading > a.self-link {
font-size: 83%;
}
.example > a.self-link,
.note > a.self-link,
.issue > a.self-link {
/* These blocks are overflow:auto, so positioning outside
doesn't work. */
left: auto;
right: 0;
}
li > a.self-link {
left: calc(-1 * (3.5rem - 26px) - 2em);
}
dfn > a.self-link {
top: auto;
left: auto;
opacity: 0;
width: 1.5em;
height: 1.5em;
background: var(--selflink-bg);
color: var(--selflink-text);
font-style: normal;
transition: opacity .2s, background-color .2s, color .2s;
}
dfn:hover > a.self-link {
opacity: 1;
}
dfn > a.self-link:hover {
color: var(--selflink-hover-text);
}
a.self-link::before { content: "¶"; }
.heading > a.self-link::before { content: "§"; }
dfn > a.self-link::before { content: "#"; }
</style>
<style>/* style-syntax-highlighting */
code.highlight { padding: .1em; border-radius: .3em; }
pre.highlight, pre > code.highlight { display: block; padding: 1em; margin: .5em 0; overflow: auto; border-radius: 0; }
.highlight:not(.idl) { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, .03); }
c-[a] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword.Declaration */
c-[b] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword.Type */
c-[c] { color: #708090 } /* Comment */
c-[d] { color: #708090 } /* Comment.Multiline */
c-[e] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Attribute */
c-[f] { color: #669900 } /* Name.Tag */
c-[g] { color: #222222 } /* Name.Variable */
c-[k] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword */
c-[l] { color: #000000 } /* Literal */
c-[m] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number */
c-[n] { color: #0077aa } /* Name */
c-[o] { color: #999999 } /* Operator */
c-[p] { color: #999999 } /* Punctuation */
c-[s] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String */
c-[t] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Single */
c-[u] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Double */
c-[cp] { color: #708090 } /* Comment.Preproc */
c-[c1] { color: #708090 } /* Comment.Single */
c-[cs] { color: #708090 } /* Comment.Special */
c-[kc] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword.Constant */
c-[kn] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword.Namespace */
c-[kp] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
c-[kr] { color: #990055 } /* Keyword.Reserved */
c-[ld] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Date */
c-[nc] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Class */
c-[no] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Constant */
c-[nd] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Decorator */
c-[ni] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Entity */
c-[ne] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Exception */
c-[nf] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Function */
c-[nl] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Label */
c-[nn] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Namespace */
c-[py] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Property */
c-[ow] { color: #999999 } /* Operator.Word */
c-[mb] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
c-[mf] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
c-[mh] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
c-[mi] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
c-[mo] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
c-[sb] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
c-[sc] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Char */
c-[sd] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Doc */
c-[se] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Escape */
c-[sh] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
c-[si] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
c-[sx] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Other */
c-[sr] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
c-[ss] { color: #a67f59 } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
c-[vc] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Variable.Class */
c-[vg] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Variable.Global */
c-[vi] { color: #0077aa } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
c-[il] { color: #000000 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */
</style>
<style>/* style-darkmode */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
:root {
--text: #ddd;
--bg: black;
--unofficial-watermark: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='400' height='400'%3E%3Cg fill='%23100808' transform='translate(200 200) rotate(-45) translate(-200 -200)' stroke='%23100808' stroke-width='3'%3E%3Ctext x='50%25' y='220' style='font: bold 70px sans-serif; text-anchor: middle; letter-spacing: 6px;'%3EUNOFFICIAL%3C/text%3E%3Ctext x='50%25' y='305' style='font: bold 70px sans-serif; text-anchor: middle; letter-spacing: 6px;'%3EDRAFT%3C/text%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");
--logo-bg: #1a5e9a;
--logo-active-bg: #c00;
--logo-text: white;
--tocnav-normal-text: #999;
--tocnav-normal-bg: var(--bg);
--tocnav-hover-text: var(--tocnav-normal-text);
--tocnav-hover-bg: #080808;
--tocnav-active-text: #f44;
--tocnav-active-bg: var(--tocnav-normal-bg);
--tocsidebar-text: var(--text);
--tocsidebar-bg: #080808;
--tocsidebar-shadow: rgba(255,255,255,.1);
--tocsidebar-heading-text: hsla(203,20%,40%,.7);
--toclink-text: var(--text);
--toclink-underline: #6af;
--toclink-visited-text: var(--toclink-text);
--toclink-visited-underline: #054572;
--heading-text: #8af;
--hr-text: var(--text);
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<body class="h-entry">
<div class="head">
<p data-fill-with="logo"><a class="logo" href="https://www.w3.org/"> <img alt="W3C" height="48" src="https://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/2021/logos/W3C" width="72"> </a> </p>
<h1 class="p-name no-ref" id="title">Capability Delegation</h1>
<p id="w3c-state"><a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/types#CG-DRAFT">Draft Community Group Report</a>, <time class="dt-updated" datetime="2023-02-17">17 February 2023</time></p>
<div data-fill-with="spec-metadata">
<dl>
<dt>This version:
<dd><a class="u-url" href="https://wicg.github.io/capability-delegation/spec.html">https://wicg.github.io/capability-delegation/spec.html</a>
<dt>Issue Tracking:
<dd><a href="https://github.com/WICG/capability-delegation/issues/">GitHub</a>
<dt class="editor">Editor:
<dd class="editor p-author h-card vcard" data-editor-id="75206"><a class="p-name fn u-email email" href="mailto:mustaq@chromium.org">Mustaq Ahmed</a> (<a class="p-org org" href="https://google.com/">Google Canada</a>)
</dl>
</div>
<div data-fill-with="warning"></div>
<p class="copyright" data-fill-with="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2023 the Contributors to the Capability Delegation Specification, published by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/wicg/">Web Platform Incubator Community Group</a> under the <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/about/agreements/cla/">W3C Community Contributor License Agreement (CLA)</a>.
A human-readable <a href="http://www.w3.org/community/about/agreements/cla-deed/">summary</a> is available. </p>
<hr title="Separator for header">
</div>
<div class="p-summary" data-fill-with="abstract">
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="abstract"><span class="content">Abstract</span></h2>
<p>Transferring the ability to use restricted APIs to another window.</p>
</div>
<div data-fill-with="at-risk"></div>
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref heading settled" id="status"><span class="content">Status of this document</span></h2>
<div data-fill-with="status">
<p> This specification was published by the <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/wicg/">Web Platform Incubator Community Group</a>.
It is not a W3C Standard nor is it on the W3C Standards Track.
Please note that under the <a href="https://www.w3.org/community/about/agreements/cla/">W3C Community Contributor License Agreement (CLA)</a> there is a limited opt-out and other conditions apply.
Learn more about <a href="http://www.w3.org/community/">W3C Community and Business Groups</a>. </p>
<p></p>
</div>
<div data-fill-with="at-risk"></div>
<nav data-fill-with="table-of-contents" id="toc">
<h2 class="no-num no-toc no-ref" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2>
<ol class="toc" role="directory">
<li>
<a href="#intro"><span class="secno">1</span> <span class="content">Introduction</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#what-is-capability-delegation"><span class="secno">1.1</span> <span class="content">What is capability delegation?</span></a>
<li><a href="#initiate-vs-use"><span class="secno">1.2</span> <span class="content">Initiating a delegation vs using a capability</span></a>
<li><a href="#transient-availability"><span class="secno">1.3</span> <span class="content">Transient availability</span></a>
</ol>
<li><a href="#examples"><span class="secno">2</span> <span class="content">Examples</span></a>
<li>
<a href="#initiating-delegation"><span class="secno">3</span> <span class="content">Initiating capability delegation</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#monkey-patch-to-html-initiating-delegation"><span class="secno">3.1</span> <span class="content">Monkey-patch to HTML spec</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#tracking-delegation"><span class="secno">4</span> <span class="content">Tracking delegated capability</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#monkey-patch-to-html-tracking-delegation"><span class="secno">4.1</span> <span class="content">Monkey-patch to HTML spec</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#defining-delegated-behavior"><span class="secno">5</span> <span class="content">Defining delegated capability behavior</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#monkey-patch-to-payment-req"><span class="secno">5.1</span> <span class="content">Monkey-patch to Payment Request spec</span></a>
<li><a href="#monkey-patch-to-fullscreen"><span class="secno">5.2</span> <span class="content">Monkey-patch to Fullscreen spec</span></a>
<li><a href="#monkey-patch-to-screen-capture"><span class="secno">5.3</span> <span class="content">Monkey-patch to <span title="Screen Capture">[SCREEN-CAPTURE]</span> spec</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#w3c-conformance"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Conformance</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#w3c-conventions"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Document conventions</span></a>
<li><a href="#w3c-conformant-algorithms"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Conformant Algorithms</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#index"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Index</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#index-defined-here"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Terms defined by this specification</span></a>
<li><a href="#index-defined-elsewhere"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Terms defined by reference</span></a>
</ol>
<li>
<a href="#references"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">References</span></a>
<ol class="toc">
<li><a href="#normative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Normative References</span></a>
<li><a href="#informative"><span class="secno"></span> <span class="content">Informative References</span></a>
</ol>
</ol>
</nav>
<main>
<section class="non-normative">
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="1" id="intro"><span class="secno">1. </span><span class="content">Introduction</span><a class="self-link" href="#intro"></a></h2>
<p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>
<p>This specification defines a mechanism through which a script can delegate its
ability to call a restricted API to another <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="ref-for-browsing-context">browsing context</a> it trusts. The
focus here is a dynamic delegation mechanism that exposes the delegated
capability to the target <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="ref-for-browsing-context①">browsing context</a> in a time-constrained manner.</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="1.1" id="what-is-capability-delegation"><span class="secno">1.1. </span><span class="content">What is capability delegation?</span><a class="self-link" href="#what-is-capability-delegation"></a></h3>
<p>Many capabilities in the Web are usable from JS in restricted manners. For
example:</p>
<ul>
<li data-md>
<p>Most browsers allow popups (through <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#dom-open" id="ref-for-dom-open">Window.open()</a></code> only if the user has either interacted with the
page recently or allowed the browser to open popups from the page’s origin.</p>
<li data-md>
<p>A sandboxed <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a> cannot make itself full-screen
(though <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://fullscreen.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-requestfullscreen" id="ref-for-dom-element-requestfullscreen">requestFullscreen()</a></code> without a specific sandbox attribute
or a user interaction within the frame.</p>
</ul>
<p>Capability delegation means allowing a frame to dynamically relinquish its
ability to call a restricted API and transfer the ability to another (sub)frame
it can trust. The word "dynamic" here means the effect of the delegation lasts
for a limited time as defined by the capability being delegated. This is
different from static (load-time) exposure of a capability to a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="ref-for-browsing-context②">browsing
context</a> through <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a> <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#dom-iframe-allow" id="ref-for-dom-iframe-allow">allow</a></code> attribute where the capability becomes exposed to a subframe in a
time-unconstrained manner.</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="1.2" id="initiate-vs-use"><span class="secno">1.2. </span><span class="content">Initiating a delegation vs using a capability</span><a class="self-link" href="#initiate-vs-use"></a></h3>
<p>Capability delegation needs two distinct steps to be effective. The first step
is "initiation" where one <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="ref-for-browsing-context③">browsing context</a> notifies another <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="ref-for-browsing-context④">browsing
context</a> about a specific capability being delegated. After initiation, the
second (i.e. the receiver) <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="ref-for-browsing-context⑤">browsing context</a> would "use" the delegated
capability, which typically means calling a capability-defined method. While
the capability delegation specification here does not define the API interface
used in the second step, it redefines the API’s internal behavior.</p>
<p>Because of this, this specification consists of two distinct parts: defining an
API for the initiation step, and then defining delegated behavior for one
specific "user" API. For the second part, this specification focuses on
behavior changes needed in <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-payment-request" title="Payment Request API">Payment Request API</a>, which would
serve as a guide for similar changes in any other APIs that would utilize
capability delegation in future.</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="1.3" id="transient-availability"><span class="secno">1.3. </span><span class="content">Transient availability</span><a class="self-link" href="#transient-availability"></a></h3>
<p>Both the steps mentioned above are time-constrained in nature:</p>
<ol>
<li data-md>
<p>The initiation step is <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#user-activation-gated-apis">activation
consuming</a>, so the step is allowed only after a recent user activation.
Moreover, the consumption of user activation here guarantees that the
delegation mechanism can’t be used more than once per user activation. This
prevents malicous uses of capability delegation, like repeated delegation
attempts to multiple frames to effectively bypass the user activation
restriction for the delegated API.</p>
<li data-md>
<p>After a successful completion of the initiation step, the delegated API
becomes available for use in the target <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="ref-for-browsing-context⑥">browsing context</a> for a few
seconds only. The exact time limit here depends on how a delegated API
defines the delegated behavior in its own specification. For an API that
does not define its own time limit, the default limit will be the same as <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#activation-expiry">user activation
expiry</a>.</p>
</ol>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="2" id="examples"><span class="secno">2. </span><span class="content">Examples</span><a class="self-link" href="#examples"></a></h2>
<div class="example" id="example-payment-request">
<a class="self-link" href="#example-payment-request"></a> When a site wants to delegate the capability to call <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-payment-request" title="Payment Request API">[payment-request]</a> <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://w3c.github.io/payment-request/#dom-paymentrequest-show" id="ref-for-dom-paymentrequest-show">show()</a></code> from a subframe after a mouse click, it will <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/web-messaging.html#posting-messages">post a message</a> to the subframe with an additional
option to specify the delegated capability:
<pre class="language-javascript highlight">window<c- p>.</c->onclick <c- o>=</c-> <c- p>()</c-> <c- p>=></c-> <c- p>{</c->
targetWindow<c- p>.</c->postMessage<c- p>(</c-><c- t>'a_message'</c-><c- p>,</c-> <c- p>{</c->delegate<c- o>:</c-> <c- u>"payment"</c-><c- p>});</c->
<c- p>};</c->
</pre>
<p>Upon receiving the message, the subframe would be able to use <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://w3c.github.io/payment-request/#dom-paymentrequest-show" id="ref-for-dom-paymentrequest-show①">show()</a></code> even though the frame hasn’t received a user
activation:</p>
<pre class="language-javascript highlight">window<c- p>.</c->onmessage <c- o>=</c-> <c- p>()</c-> <c- p>=></c-> <c- p>{</c->
<c- a>const</c-> payRequest <c- o>=</c-> <c- ow>new</c-> PaymentRequest<c- p>(...);</c->
<c- a>const</c-> payResponse <c- o>=</c-> <c- k>await</c-> payRequest<c- p>.</c->show<c- p>();</c->
<c- p>...</c->
<c- p>}</c->
</pre>
</div>
</section>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="3" id="initiating-delegation"><span class="secno">3. </span><span class="content">Initiating capability delegation</span><a class="self-link" href="#initiating-delegation"></a></h2>
<p>When a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="ref-for-browsing-context⑦">browsing context</a> wants to delegate a capability to another <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="ref-for-browsing-context⑧">browsing
context</a>, it posts a message to the second <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="ref-for-browsing-context⑨">browsing context</a> with an extra <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#windowpostmessageoptions" id="ref-for-windowpostmessageoptions">WindowPostMessageOptions</a></code> called <code>delegate</code> specifying the capability. The
value of this option MUST be a <a href="https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-permissions-policy/#ascii-serialization">feature-identifier</a>. The option MUST
be ignored if the value does not correspond to any <a href="https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-permissions-policy/#supported-features">features supported by the
user
agent</a>.</p>
<div class="note" role="note"> A list of possible <a href="https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-permissions-policy/#ascii-serialization">feature-identifier</a> values appears <a href="https://github.com/w3c/webappsec-permissions-policy/blob/main/features.md">here</a>. </div>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="3.1" id="monkey-patch-to-html-initiating-delegation"><span class="secno">3.1. </span><span class="content">Monkey-patch to HTML spec</span><a class="self-link" href="#monkey-patch-to-html-initiating-delegation"></a></h3>
<p>The <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#windowpostmessageoptions" id="ref-for-windowpostmessageoptions①">WindowPostMessageOptions</a></code> IDL definition will include an additional field as follows:</p>
<pre class="language-IDL highlight">DOMString? delegate;
</pre>
<p>In the algorithm for <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/web-messaging.html#window-post-message-steps">window post
message</a>,
the following step:</p>
<blockquote>
<ol start="6">
<li data-md>
<p>Let <var>transfer</var> be <var>options</var>["transfer"].</p>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>will be followed by two additional steps as follows:</p>
<ol start="7">
<li data-md>
<p>Let <var>delegate</var> be <var>options</var>["delegate"].</p>
<li data-md>
<p>If <var>delegate</var> is not null, then:</p>
<ol>
<li data-md>
<p>If the user agent does not support delegating the feature indicated by <var>delegate</var>,
then throw a "NotSupportedError" DOMException.</p>
<li data-md>
<p>If <var>targetWindow</var>’s <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/window-object.html#concept-document-window">associated
Document</a> is not <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/iframe-embed-object.html#allowed-to-use">allowed-to-use</a> the feature indicated by <var>delegate</var>, then throw a a
"NotAllowedError" DOMException.</p>
<li data-md>
<p>If <var>targetOrigin</var> is a single U+002A ASTERISK character (*), then throw a
a "NotAllowedError" DOMException.</p>
<div class="note" role="note"> The default value of <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/window-object.html#dom-windowpostmessageoptions-targetorigin">targetOrigin</a> is "/", restricting the message to same-origin targets. The additional requirement to use a string other than "*" means
that cross-origin messages has to specify the specific origin for which they are intended. </div>
<li data-md>
<p>Let <var>source</var> be <var>incumbentSettings</var>’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/webappapis.html#concept-settings-object-global" id="ref-for-concept-settings-object-global">global object</a>.</p>
<li data-md>
<p>If <var>source</var> does not have <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#transient-activation" id="ref-for-5b762d09d78e8674458b84982b3cb3c9">transient
activation</a>,
then throw a "NotAllowedError" DOMException.</p>
<li data-md>
<p><a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#consume-user-activation">Consume user
activation</a> in <var>source</var>.</p>
</ol>
</ol>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="4" id="tracking-delegation"><span class="secno">4. </span><span class="content">Tracking delegated capability</span><a class="self-link" href="#tracking-delegation"></a></h2>
<p>Capabilities delegated to a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="ref-for-browsing-context①⓪">browsing context</a> will be tracked using a map
named <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#window" id="ref-for-window">Window</a></code>.<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#delegated_capability_timestamps" id="ref-for-delegated_capability_timestamps">DELEGATED_CAPABILITY_TIMESTAMPS</a>. Each time a capability is
delegated to a <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#window" id="ref-for-window①">Window</a></code>, an entry will be added in <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#delegated_capability_timestamps" id="ref-for-delegated_capability_timestamps①">DELEGATED_CAPABILITY_TIMESTAMPS</a> with a key equal to the <a href="https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-permissions-policy/#ascii-serialization">feature-identifier</a> representing the
capability, and a value equal to current <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://w3c.github.io/hr-time/#dom-domhighrestimestamp" id="ref-for-dom-domhighrestimestamp">DOMHighResTimeStamp</a></code>. If the map
already has an entry for the same key, the existing value will be updated to
current <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://w3c.github.io/hr-time/#dom-domhighrestimestamp" id="ref-for-dom-domhighrestimestamp①">DOMHighResTimeStamp</a></code>.</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="4.1" id="monkey-patch-to-html-tracking-delegation"><span class="secno">4.1. </span><span class="content">Monkey-patch to HTML spec</span><a class="self-link" href="#monkey-patch-to-html-tracking-delegation"></a></h3>
<p>Right before the algorithm for <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/web-messaging.html#window-post-message-steps">window post
message</a>,
a new paragraph will be inserted, as follow:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>For the purpose of tracking capabilities delegated to a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/document-sequences.html#browsing-context" id="ref-for-browsing-context①①">browsing context</a>,
each <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#window" id="ref-for-window②">Window</a></code> has a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://infra.spec.whatwg.org/#ordered-map" id="ref-for-ordered-map">map</a> called <dfn class="dfn-paneled" data-dfn-type="dfn" data-noexport id="delegated_capability_timestamps">DELEGATED_CAPABILITY_TIMESTAMPS</dfn> from <a href="https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-permissions-policy/#ascii-serialization">feature-identifier</a> to <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://w3c.github.io/hr-time/#dom-domhighrestimestamp" id="ref-for-dom-domhighrestimestamp②">DOMHighResTimeStamp</a></code>. The map is initialized with an empty map.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>In the algorithm for <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/web-messaging.html#window-post-message-steps">window post
message</a>,
two additional sub-steps will be added to current Step 8. The first additional
sub-step will be inserted after the following sub-step:</p>
<blockquote>
<ol start="8">
<li data-md>
<p>Queue a global task ...</p>
<ol start="2">
<li data-md>
<p>Let origin be the serialization of incumbentSettings’s origin.</p>
</ol>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>as follows:</p>
<ol start="8">
<li data-md>
<p>Queue a global task ... <em>(unchanged)</em></p>
<ol start="3">
<li data-md>
<p>Let <var>delegate</var> be <var>options</var>["delegate"].</p>
</ol>
</ol>
<p>The second additional sub-step will be inserted after the following sub-step:</p>
<blockquote>
<ol start="8">
<li data-md>
<p>Queue a global task ...</p>
<ol start="6">
<li data-md>
<p>Let newPorts be a new frozen array consisting of ...</p>
</ol>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>as follows:</p>
<ol start="8">
<li data-md>
<p>Queue a global task ... <em>(unchanged)</em></p>
<ol start="7">
<li data-md>
<p>Let newPorts be a new frozen array consisting of ... <em>(unchanged except
for numbering)</em></p>
<li data-md>
<p>If <var>delegate</var> is not null, AND the user agent supports
delegating <var>delegate</var>, then set <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#delegated_capability_timestamps" id="ref-for-delegated_capability_timestamps②">DELEGATED_CAPABILITY_TIMESTAMPS</a>[<var>delegate</var>] to <a href="https://w3c.github.io/hr-time/#dfn-current-high-resolution-time">current
high resolution
time</a>.</p>
</ol>
</ol>
<h2 class="heading settled" data-level="5" id="defining-delegated-behavior"><span class="secno">5. </span><span class="content">Defining delegated capability behavior</span><a class="self-link" href="#defining-delegated-behavior"></a></h2>
<p>Any capability that defines a delegated behavior uses the corresponding entry in <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#window" id="ref-for-window③">Window</a></code>.<a data-link-type="dfn" href="#delegated_capability_timestamps" id="ref-for-delegated_capability_timestamps③">DELEGATED_CAPABILITY_TIMESTAMPS</a> in a manner appropriate for the
capability. Below is the spec change needed for one particular capability.</p>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.1" id="monkey-patch-to-payment-req"><span class="secno">5.1. </span><span class="content">Monkey-patch to Payment Request spec</span><a class="self-link" href="#monkey-patch-to-payment-req"></a></h3>
<p>In the algorithm for <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://w3c.github.io/payment-request/#dom-paymentrequest-show" id="ref-for-dom-paymentrequest-show②">show()</a></code>, the following steps will be
replaced to implement the delegated behavior:</p>
<p>The two steps:</p>
<blockquote>
<ol start="2">
<li data-md>
<p>If the relevant global object of request does not have transient activation:</p>
<ol>
<li data-md>
<p>Return a promise rejected with a "SecurityError" DOMException.</p>
</ol>
<li data-md>
<p>Consume user activation of the relevant global object.</p>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>will be replaced by the following three steps:</p>
<ol start="2">
<li data-md>
<p>If the relevant global object of request does not have <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#transient-activation" id="ref-for-5b762d09d78e8674458b84982b3cb3c9①">transient
activation</a>,
AND the timestamp <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#delegated_capability_timestamps" id="ref-for-delegated_capability_timestamps④">DELEGATED_CAPABILITY_TIMESTAMPS</a>["payment"] in the
relevant global object is either undefined or <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#activation-expiry">expired</a>:</p>
<ol>
<li data-md>
<p>Return a promise rejected with a "SecurityError" DOMException.</p>
</ol>
<li data-md>
<p>If the relevant global object of request does not have transient activation,
then clear the map entry <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#delegated_capability_timestamps" id="ref-for-delegated_capability_timestamps⑤">DELEGATED_CAPABILITY_TIMESTAMPS</a>["payment"].</p>
<li data-md>
<p>Otherwise, <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#consume-user-activation">consume user
activation</a> of the relevant global object.</p>
</ol>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.2" id="monkey-patch-to-fullscreen"><span class="secno">5.2. </span><span class="content">Monkey-patch to Fullscreen spec</span><a class="self-link" href="#monkey-patch-to-fullscreen"></a></h3>
<p>In the algorithm for <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://fullscreen.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-element-requestfullscreen" id="ref-for-dom-element-requestfullscreen①">requestFullscreen()</a></code>, the following changes will be
done to implement the delegated behavior:</p>
<p>The last condition in Step 5:</p>
<blockquote>
<ol start="5">
<li data-md>
<p>If any of the following conditions are false, then set error to true: ...</p>
<ul>
<li data-md>
<p>This’s relevant global object has transient activation or
the algorithm is triggered by a user generated orientation change.</p>
</ul>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>will be replaced by:</p>
<ol start="5">
<li data-md>
<p>If any of the following conditions are false, then set error to true: ... <em>(unchanged)</em></p>
<ul>
<li data-md>
<p>This’s relevant global object has transient activation, or
the timestamp <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#delegated_capability_timestamps" id="ref-for-delegated_capability_timestamps⑥">DELEGATED_CAPABILITY_TIMESTAMPS</a>["fullscreen"] in this’s
relevant global object is neither undefined nor <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#activation-expiry">expired</a>, or
the algorithm is triggered by a user generated orientation change.</p>
</ul>
</ol>
<p>Right before the Step 10:</p>
<blockquote>
<ol start="10">
<li data-md>
<p>Let fullscreenElements be an ordered set initially consisting of this.</p>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>the following new step will be inserted:</p>
<ol start="10">
<li data-md>
<p>If this’s relevant global object does not have transient activation, then clear the map entry <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#delegated_capability_timestamps" id="ref-for-delegated_capability_timestamps⑦">DELEGATED_CAPABILITY_TIMESTAMPS</a>["fullscreen"] in this’s relevant global object.</p>
<li data-md>
<p>Let fullscreenElements be an ordered set initially consisting of this. <em>(unchanged except
for numbering)</em></p>
</ol>
<h3 class="heading settled" data-level="5.3" id="monkey-patch-to-screen-capture"><span class="secno">5.3. </span><span class="content">Monkey-patch to <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-screen-capture" title="Screen Capture">[SCREEN-CAPTURE]</a> spec</span><a class="self-link" href="#monkey-patch-to-screen-capture"></a></h3>
<p>In the algorithm for <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://w3c.github.io/mediacapture-screen-share/#dom-mediadevices-getdisplaymedia" id="ref-for-dom-mediadevices-getdisplaymedia">getDisplayMedia()</a></code>, the following changes will be
done to implement the delegated behavior:</p>
<p>The condition in Step 3:</p>
<blockquote>
<ol start="3">
<li data-md>
<p>If the relevant global object of this does not have transient activation, return a promise
rejected with a DOMException object whose name attribute has the value InvalidStateError.</p>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>will be replaced by:</p>
<ol start="3">
<li data-md>
<p>If the <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/webappapis.html#concept-relevant-global" id="ref-for-concept-relevant-global">relevant global object</a> of this does not have <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#transient-activation" id="ref-for-transient-activation">transient activation</a> AND the
timestamp <a data-link-type="dfn" href="#delegated_capability_timestamps" id="ref-for-delegated_capability_timestamps⑧">DELEGATED_CAPABILITY_TIMESTAMPS</a>["display-capture"] in this’s <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/webappapis.html#concept-relevant-global" id="ref-for-concept-relevant-global①">relevant global object</a> is either undefined or <a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/interaction.html#activation-expiry">expired</a>,
return a promise <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#reject" id="ref-for-reject">rejected</a> with a <a data-link-type="dfn" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WebCryptoAPI/#dfn-DOMException" id="ref-for-dfn-DOMException">DOMException</a> object whose <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-domexception-name" id="ref-for-dom-domexception-name">name</a></code> attribute has the value <code class="idl"><a data-link-type="idl" href="https://webidl.spec.whatwg.org/#invalidstateerror" id="ref-for-invalidstateerror">InvalidStateError</a></code>.</p>
</ol>
</main>
<div data-fill-with="conformance">
<h2 class="no-ref no-num heading settled" id="w3c-conformance"><span class="content">Conformance</span><a class="self-link" href="#w3c-conformance"></a></h2>
<h3 class="no-ref no-num heading settled" id="w3c-conventions"><span class="content">Document conventions</span><a class="self-link" href="#w3c-conventions"></a></h3>
<p>Conformance requirements are expressed
with a combination of descriptive assertions
and RFC 2119 terminology.
The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL”
in the normative parts of this document
are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
However, for readability,
these words do not appear in all uppercase letters in this specification. </p>
<p>All of the text of this specification is normative
except sections explicitly marked as non-normative, examples, and notes. <a data-link-type="biblio" href="#biblio-rfc2119" title="Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels">[RFC2119]</a> </p>
<p>Examples in this specification are introduced with the words “for example”
or are set apart from the normative text
with <code>class="example"</code>,
like this: </p>
<div class="example" id="w3c-example">
<a class="self-link" href="#w3c-example"></a>
<p>This is an example of an informative example. </p>
</div>
<p>Informative notes begin with the word “Note”
and are set apart from the normative text
with <code>class="note"</code>,
like this: </p>
<p class="note" role="note">Note, this is an informative note.</p>
<h3 class="no-ref no-num heading settled" id="w3c-conformant-algorithms"><span class="content">Conformant Algorithms</span><a class="self-link" href="#w3c-conformant-algorithms"></a></h3>
<p>Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms
(such as "strip any leading space characters"
or "return false and abort these steps")
are to be interpreted with the meaning of the key word
("must", "should", "may", etc)
used in introducing the algorithm. </p>
<p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps
can be implemented in any manner,
so long as the end result is equivalent.
In particular, the algorithms defined in this specification
are intended to be easy to understand
and are not intended to be performant.
Implementers are encouraged to optimize. </p>
</div>
<script src="https://www.w3.org/scripts/TR/2021/fixup.js"></script>
<h2 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index"><span class="content">Index</span><a class="self-link" href="#index"></a></h2>
<h3 class="no-num no-ref heading settled" id="index-defined-here"><span class="content">Terms defined by this specification</span><a class="self-link" href="#index-defined-here"></a></h3>
<ul class="index">