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http.ml
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(* This file is part of Dream, released under the MIT license. See LICENSE.md
for details, or visit https://github.com/aantron/dream.
Copyright 2021 Anton Bachin *)
module Dream = Dream__pure.Inmost
module Error = Dream__middleware.Error
(* TODO In serious need of refactoring because of all the different handlers. *)
let to_dream_method method_ =
Httpaf.Method.to_string method_ |> Dream.string_to_method
let to_httpaf_status status =
Dream.status_to_int status |> Httpaf.Status.of_code
let to_h2_status status =
Dream.status_to_int status |> H2.Status.of_code
(* TODO Contact upstream: this is from websocketaf/lwt/websocketaf_lwt.ml, but
it is not exposed. *)
let sha1 s =
s
|> Digestif.SHA1.digest_string
|> Digestif.SHA1.to_raw_string
(* TODO It appears that backpressure is impossible in the underlying
implementation... *)
let websocket_handler user's_websocket_handler socket =
(* Frames of the current partial message, in reverse order. *)
let message_frames = ref [] in
(* Queue of received messages. There doesn't appear to be a nice way to
achieve backpressure with the current API of websocketaf, so that will have
to be added later. The user-facing API of Dream does support backpressure.
It's just that this code here reads no matter whether there is a
higher-level reader. *)
let messages, push_message = Lwt_stream.create () in
let send kind message =
let kind = (kind :> [ `Text | `Binary | `Continuation ]) in
Websocketaf.Wsd.send_bytes
socket
~kind
(Bytes.unsafe_of_string message)
~off:0
~len:(String.length message);
Lwt.return_unit
in
let receive () =
Lwt_stream.get messages in
let close code =
let code = Option.map (fun code -> `Other code) code in
Websocketaf.Wsd.close ?code socket;
Lwt.return_unit
in
let websocket = {
Dream.send;
receive;
close;
} in
(* TODO Needs error handling like the top-level app has! *)
Lwt.async (fun () ->
user's_websocket_handler websocket);
(* The code isn't very efficient at the moment, doing multiple copies while
assembling a message. However, multi-fragment messages should be relatively
rare. *)
(* This function is called on each frame received. In this high-level handler.
we automatically respond to all control opcodes. *)
let frame ~opcode ~is_fin buffer ~off ~len =
match opcode with
| `Connection_close ->
Websocketaf.Wsd.close socket;
push_message None;
| `Ping ->
Websocketaf.Wsd.send_pong socket
| `Pong ->
()
| `Other _ ->
()
| `Text
| `Binary ->
let fragment = Lwt_bytes.to_string (Lwt_bytes.proxy buffer off len) in
if is_fin then
push_message (Some fragment)
else
message_frames := [fragment]
| `Continuation ->
let fragment = Lwt_bytes.to_string (Lwt_bytes.proxy buffer off len) in
message_frames := fragment::!message_frames;
if is_fin then begin
let message = String.concat "" (List.rev !message_frames) in
message_frames := [];
push_message (Some message)
end
in
let eof () =
push_message None;
Websocketaf.Wsd.close socket
in
Websocketaf.Server_connection.{frame; eof}
(* Wraps the user's Dream handler in the kind of handler expected by http/af.
The scheme is simple: wait for http/af "Reqd.t"s (partially parsed
connections), convert their fields to Dream.request, call the user's handler,
wait for the Dream.response, and then convert it to an http/af Response and
sned it.
If the user's handler (wrongly) leaks any exceptions or rejections, they are
passed to http/af to end up in the error handler. This is a low-level handler
that ordinarily shouldn't be relied on by the user - this is just our last
chance to tell the user that something is wrong with their app. *)
(* TODO Rename conn like in the body branch. *)
let wrap_handler
app
(user's_error_handler : Error.error_handler)
(user's_dream_handler : Dream.handler) =
let httpaf_request_handler = fun client_address (conn : _ Gluten.Reqd.t) ->
Dream__middleware.Log.set_up_exception_hook ();
let conn, upgrade = conn.reqd, conn.upgrade in
(* Covert the http/af request to a Dream request. *)
let httpaf_request : Httpaf.Request.t =
Httpaf.Reqd.request conn in
let client =
Adapt.address_to_string client_address in
let method_ =
to_dream_method httpaf_request.meth in
let target =
httpaf_request.target in
let version =
(httpaf_request.version.major, httpaf_request.version.minor) in
let headers =
Httpaf.Headers.to_list httpaf_request.headers in
let body =
Httpaf.Reqd.request_body conn in
let request : Dream.request =
Dream.request_from_http ~app ~client ~method_ ~target ~version ~headers in
(* TODO Could use a private variant of flush that causes no app-observable
side-effects. *)
(* TODO It would still help to have a fully pull-based writing API. *)
(* TODO The whole body-reading model seems to be broken. How does one detect
an exception? *)
(* The request body stream. *)
Lwt.async begin fun () ->
let%lwt () = Dream.flush request in
let on_eof () = Dream.close_stream request |> ignore in
let rec loop () =
Httpaf.Body.schedule_read
body
~on_eof
~on_read:(fun buffer ~off ~len ->
Lwt.on_success
(Dream__pure.Body.write_bigstring buffer off len request.body)
loop)
in
loop ();
Lwt.return_unit
end;
(* Call the user's handler. If it raises an exception or returns a promise
that rejects with an exception, pass the exception up to Httpaf. This
will cause it to call its (low-level) error handler with variand `Exn _.
A well-behaved Dream app should catch all of its own exceptions and
rejections in one of its top-level middlewares.
We don't try to log exceptions here because the behavior is not
customizable here. The handler itself is customizable (to catch all)
exceptions, and the error callback that gets leaked exceptions is also
customizable. *)
Lwt.async begin fun () ->
Lwt.catch begin fun () ->
(* Do the big call. *)
let%lwt response = user's_dream_handler request in
(* Extract the Dream response's headers. *)
(* This is the default function that translates the Dream response to an
http/af response and sends it. We pre-define the function, however,
because it is called from two places:
1. Upon a normal response, the function is called unconditionally.
2. Upon failure to establish a WebSocket, the function is called to
transmit the resulting error response. *)
let forward_response response =
let headers =
Httpaf.Headers.of_list (Dream.all_headers response) in
(* let version =
match Dream.version_override response with
| None -> None
| Some (major, minor) -> Some Httpaf.Version.{major; minor}
in *)
let status =
to_httpaf_status (Dream.status response) in
(* let reason =
Dream.reason_override response in *)
let httpaf_response =
Httpaf.Response.create ~headers status in
let body =
Httpaf.Reqd.respond_with_streaming conn httpaf_response in
Adapt.forward_body response body;
Lwt.return_unit
in
match Dream.is_websocket response with
| None ->
forward_response response
| Some user's_websocket_handler ->
let error_handler =
Error_handler.websocket user's_error_handler request response in
(* TODO This needs to be done in a more disciplined fashion. *)
(* TODO This could be considerably simplified using just a mutable
request_id field in requests. *)
let user's_websocket_handler websocket =
Lwt.with_value
Dream__middleware.Request_id.lwt_key
(Dream__middleware.Request_id.get_option
~request:(Dream.last request) ())
(fun () -> user's_websocket_handler websocket)
in
let proceed () =
Websocketaf.Server_connection.create_websocket
~error_handler (websocket_handler user's_websocket_handler)
|> Gluten.make (module Websocketaf.Server_connection)
|> upgrade
in
let headers =
Httpaf.Headers.of_list (Dream.all_headers response) in
Websocketaf.Handshake.respond_with_upgrade ~headers ~sha1 conn proceed
|> function
| Ok () -> Lwt.return_unit
| Error error_string ->
let%lwt response =
Error_handler.websocket_handshake
user's_error_handler request response error_string
in
forward_response response
end
@@ fun exn ->
(* TODO There was something in the fork changelogs about not requiring
report exn. Is it relevant to this? *)
Httpaf.Reqd.report_exn conn exn;
Lwt.return_unit
end
in
httpaf_request_handler
(* TODO Factor out what is in common between the http/af and h2 handlers. *)
let wrap_handler_h2
app
(_user's_error_handler : Error.error_handler)
(user's_dream_handler : Dream.handler) =
let httpaf_request_handler = fun client_address (conn : H2.Reqd.t) ->
Dream__middleware.Log.set_up_exception_hook ();
(* Covert the h2 request to a Dream request. *)
let httpaf_request : H2.Request.t =
H2.Reqd.request conn in
let client =
Adapt.address_to_string client_address in
let method_ =
to_dream_method httpaf_request.meth in
let target =
httpaf_request.target in
let version =
(2, 0) in
let headers =
H2.Headers.to_list httpaf_request.headers in
let body =
H2.Reqd.request_body conn in
let request : Dream.request =
Dream.request_from_http ~app ~client ~method_ ~target ~version ~headers in
Lwt.async begin fun () ->
let%lwt () = Dream.flush request in
let on_eof () = Dream.close_stream request |> ignore in
let rec loop () =
H2.Body.schedule_read
body
~on_eof
~on_read:(fun buffer ~off ~len ->
Dream__pure.Body.write_bigstring buffer off len request.body
|> ignore;
loop ())
in
loop ();
Lwt.return_unit
end;
(* Call the user's handler. If it raises an exception or returns a promise
that rejects with an exception, pass the exception up to Httpaf. This
will cause it to call its (low-level) error handler with variand `Exn _.
A well-behaved Dream app should catch all of its own exceptions and
rejections in one of its top-level middlewares.
We don't try to log exceptions here because the behavior is not
customizable here. The handler itself is customizable (to catch all)
exceptions, and the error callback that gets leaked exceptions is also
customizable. *)
Lwt.async begin fun () ->
Lwt.catch begin fun () ->
(* Do the big call. *)
let%lwt response = user's_dream_handler request in
(* Extract the Dream response's headers. *)
let forward_response response =
let headers =
H2.Headers.of_list (Dream.all_headers response) in
let status =
to_h2_status (Dream.status response) in
let h2_response =
H2.Response.create ~headers status in
let body =
H2.Reqd.respond_with_streaming conn h2_response in
Adapt.forward_body_h2 response body;
Lwt.return_unit
in
match Dream.is_websocket response with
| None ->
forward_response response
(* TODO DOC H2 appears not to support WebSocket upgrade at present.
RFC 8441. *)
(* TODO DOC Do we need a CONNECT method? Do users need to be informed of
this? *)
| Some _user's_websocket_handler ->
Lwt.return_unit
end
@@ fun exn ->
(* TODO LATER There was something in the fork changelogs about not
requiring report_exn. Is it relevant to this? *)
H2.Reqd.report_exn conn exn;
Lwt.return_unit
end
in
httpaf_request_handler
let log =
Error_handler.log
type tls_library = {
create_handler :
certificate_file:string ->
key_file:string ->
app:Dream.app ->
handler:Dream.handler ->
error_handler:Error.error_handler ->
Unix.sockaddr ->
Lwt_unix.file_descr ->
unit Lwt.t;
}
let no_tls = {
create_handler = begin fun
~certificate_file:_ ~key_file:_
~app
~handler
~error_handler ->
Httpaf_lwt_unix.Server.create_connection_handler
?config:None
~request_handler:(wrap_handler app error_handler handler)
~error_handler:(Error_handler.httpaf app error_handler)
end;
}
let openssl = {
create_handler = begin fun
~certificate_file ~key_file
~app
~handler
~error_handler ->
let httpaf_handler =
Httpaf_lwt_unix.Server.SSL.create_connection_handler
?config:None
~request_handler:(wrap_handler app error_handler handler)
~error_handler:(Error_handler.httpaf app error_handler)
in
let h2_handler =
H2_lwt_unix.Server.SSL.create_connection_handler
?config:None
~request_handler:(wrap_handler_h2 app error_handler handler)
~error_handler:(Error_handler.h2 app error_handler)
in
let perform_tls_handshake =
Gluten_lwt_unix.Server.SSL.create_default
~alpn_protocols:["h2"; "http/1.1"]
~certfile:certificate_file
~keyfile:key_file
in
fun client_address unix_socket ->
let%lwt tls_endpoint = perform_tls_handshake client_address unix_socket in
(* TODO LATER This part with getting the negotiated protocol belongs in
Gluten. Right now, we've picked up a hard dep on OpenSSL. *)
(* See also https://github.com/anmonteiro/ocaml-h2/blob/66d92f1694b488ea638aa5073c796e164d5fbd9e/examples/alpn/unix/alpn_server_ssl.ml#L57 *)
match Lwt_ssl.ssl_socket tls_endpoint with
| None ->
assert false
| Some tls_socket ->
match Ssl.get_negotiated_alpn_protocol tls_socket with
| None ->
(* Not 100% confirmed, but it appears that at least Chromium does not
send an ALPN protocol list when attempting to establish a secure
WebSocket connection (presumably, it assumes HTTP/1.1; RFC 8441 is
not implemented). This is partially good, because h2 does not seem
to implement RFC 8441, either. So, to support wss:// in the
presence of ALPN, handle ALPN failure by just continuing with
HTTP/1.1. Once there is HTTP/2 WebSocket support, the web
application will need to respond to the CONNECT method. *)
(* TODO DOC User guidance on responding to both GET and CONNECT in
WebSocket handlers. *)
httpaf_handler client_address tls_endpoint
| Some "http/1.1" ->
httpaf_handler client_address tls_endpoint
| Some "h2" ->
h2_handler client_address tls_endpoint
| Some _ ->
assert false
end;
}
(* TODO LATER Add ALPN + HTTP/2.0 with ocaml-tls, too. *)
let ocaml_tls = {
create_handler = fun
~certificate_file ~key_file
~app
~handler
~error_handler ->
Httpaf_lwt_unix.Server.TLS.create_connection_handler_with_default
~certfile:certificate_file ~keyfile:key_file
?config:None
~request_handler:(wrap_handler app error_handler handler)
~error_handler:(Error_handler.httpaf app error_handler)
}
let built_in_middleware error_handler prefix =
Dream.pipeline [
Dream__middleware.Lowercase_headers.lowercase_headers;
Dream__middleware.Content_length.content_length;
Dream__middleware.Catch.catch (Error_handler.app error_handler);
Dream__middleware.Request_id.assign_request_id;
Dream__middleware.Site_prefix.chop_site_prefix prefix;
]
let serve_with_details
caller_function_for_error_messages
tls_library
~interface
~port
~stop
~error_handler
~prefix
~app
~certificate_file
~key_file
~builtins
user's_dream_handler =
(* TODO DOC *)
(* https://letsencrypt.org/docs/certificates-for-localhost/ *)
let user's_dream_handler =
if builtins then
built_in_middleware error_handler prefix user's_dream_handler
else
user's_dream_handler
in
(* Create the wrapped httpaf or h2 handler from the user's Dream handler. *)
let httpaf_connection_handler =
tls_library.create_handler
~certificate_file
~key_file
~app
~handler:user's_dream_handler
~error_handler
in
(* TODO Should probably move out to the TLS library options. *)
let tls_error_handler = Error_handler.tls app error_handler in
(* Some parts of the various HTTP servers that are under heavy development
( *cough* Gluten SSL/TLS at the moment) leak exceptions out of the
top-level handler instead of passing them to the error handler that we
specified above with ~error_handler. So, to work around that, we pass the
errors manually. Since we don't even have request or response objects at
this point, we simply ignore the Dream.response that the error handler
generates. We call it for any logging that it may do, and to swallow the
error. Otherwise, it will go to !Lwt.async_exception_hook. *)
(* TODO SSL alerts follow this pathway into the log at ERROR level, which is
questionable - I understand that means clients can cause ERROR level log
messages to be written into the log at will. To work around this, the
exception should be formatted and passed as `Bad_request, or there should
be pattern matching on the exception (but that might introduce dependency
coupling), or the upstream should be patched to distinguish the errors in
some useful way. *)
let httpaf_connection_handler client_address socket =
Lwt.catch
(fun () ->
httpaf_connection_handler client_address socket)
(fun exn ->
tls_error_handler client_address exn;
Lwt.return_unit)
in
(* Look up the low-level address corresponding to the interface. Hopefully,
this is a local interface. *)
let%lwt addresses = Lwt_unix.getaddrinfo interface (string_of_int port) [] in
match addresses with
| [] ->
Printf.ksprintf failwith "Dream.%s: no interface with address %s"
caller_function_for_error_messages interface
| address::_ ->
let listen_address = Lwt_unix.(address.ai_addr) in
(* Bring up the HTTP server. Wait for the server to actually get started.
Then, wait for the ~stop promise. If the ~stop promise ever resolves, stop
the server. *)
let%lwt server =
Lwt_io.establish_server_with_client_socket
listen_address
httpaf_connection_handler in
let%lwt () = stop in
Lwt_io.shutdown_server server
let is_localhost interface =
interface = "localhost" || interface = "127.0.0.1"
(* TODO Validate the prefix here. *)
let serve_with_maybe_https
caller_function_for_error_messages
~interface
~port
~stop
?debug
~error_handler
?(secret = Dream__cipher.Random.random 32)
?(old_secrets = [])
~prefix
?(app = Dream.new_app ())
~https
?certificate_file ?key_file
?certificate_string ?key_string
~builtins
user's_dream_handler =
try%lwt
begin match debug with
| Some debug -> Dream.set_debug debug app
| None -> ()
end;
(* This check will at least catch secrets like "foo" when used on a public
interface. *)
if not (is_localhost interface) then
if String.length secret < 32 then begin
log.warning (fun log -> log "Using a short key on a public interface");
log.warning (fun log ->
log "Consider using Dream.to_base64url (Dream.random 32)");
end;
(* TODO The interface needs to allow not messing with the secret if an app
is passed. *)
Dream.set_secrets (secret::old_secrets) app;
match https with
| `No ->
serve_with_details
caller_function_for_error_messages
no_tls
~interface
~port
~stop
~error_handler
~prefix
~app
~certificate_file:""
~key_file:""
~builtins
user's_dream_handler
| `OpenSSL | `OCaml_TLS as tls_library ->
app.https <- true;
(* TODO Writing temporary files is extremely questionable for anything
except the fake localhost certificate. This needs loud warnings. IIRC
the SSL binding already supports in-memory certificates. Does TLS? In
any case, this would need upstream work. *)
let certificate_and_key =
match certificate_file, key_file, certificate_string, key_string with
| None, None, None, None ->
(* Use the built-in development certificate. However, if the interface
is not a loopback interface, write a warning. *)
if not (is_localhost interface) then begin
log.warning (fun log ->
log "Using a development SSL certificate on a public interface");
log.warning (fun log ->
log "See arguments ~certificate_file and ~key_file");
end;
`Memory (Dream__localhost.certificate, Dream__localhost.key, `Silent)
| Some certificate_file, Some key_file, None, None ->
`File (certificate_file, key_file)
| None, None, Some certificate_string, Some key_string ->
(* This is likely a non-development in-memory certificate, and it
seems reasonable to warn that we are going to write it to a
temporary file, with security implications. *)
log.warning (fun log ->
log "In-memory certificates will be written to temporary files");
(* Show where the certificate is written so that the user can get rid
of it, if necessary. In particular, the key file should be removed
using srm. This whole scheme is just completely insecure, because
the server itself does not use an equivalent of srm to get rid of
the temporary file. Updstream support is really necessary here. *)
`Memory (certificate_string, key_string, `Verbose)
| _ ->
raise (Invalid_argument
"Must specify exactly one pair of certificate and key")
in
let tls_library =
match tls_library with
| `OpenSSL -> openssl
| `OCaml_TLS -> ocaml_tls
in
match certificate_and_key with
| `File (certificate_file, key_file) ->
serve_with_details
caller_function_for_error_messages
tls_library
~interface
~port
~stop
~error_handler
~prefix
~app
~certificate_file
~key_file
~builtins
user's_dream_handler
| `Memory (certificate_string, key_string, verbose_or_silent) ->
Lwt_io.with_temp_file begin fun (certificate_file, certificate_stream) ->
Lwt_io.with_temp_file begin fun (key_file, key_stream) ->
if verbose_or_silent <> `Silent then begin
log.warning (fun log ->
log "Writing certificate to %s" certificate_file);
log.warning (fun log ->
log "Writing key to %s" key_file);
end;
let%lwt () = Lwt_io.write certificate_stream certificate_string in
let%lwt () = Lwt_io.write key_stream key_string in
let%lwt () = Lwt_io.close certificate_stream in
let%lwt () = Lwt_io.close key_stream in
serve_with_details
caller_function_for_error_messages
tls_library
~interface
~port
~stop
~error_handler
~prefix
~app
~certificate_file
~key_file
~builtins
user's_dream_handler
end
end
with exn ->
let backtrace = Printexc.get_backtrace () in
log.error (fun log ->
log "Dream.%s: exception %s"
caller_function_for_error_messages (Printexc.to_string exn));
backtrace |> Dream__middleware.Log.iter_backtrace (fun line ->
log.error (fun log -> log "%s" line));
raise exn
let default_interface = "localhost"
let default_port = 8080
let never = fst (Lwt.wait ())
let serve
?(interface = default_interface)
?(port = default_port)
?(stop = never)
?debug
?(error_handler = Error_handler.default)
?secret
?old_secrets
?(prefix = "")
?(https = false)
?certificate_file
?key_file
?(builtins = true)
user's_dream_handler =
serve_with_maybe_https
"serve"
~interface
~port
~stop
?debug
~error_handler
?secret
?old_secrets
~prefix
?app:None
~https:(if https then `OpenSSL else `No)
?certificate_file
?key_file
?certificate_string:None
?key_string:None
~builtins
user's_dream_handler
let run
?(interface = default_interface)
?(port = default_port)
?(stop = never)
?debug
?(error_handler = Error_handler.default)
?secret
?old_secrets
?(prefix = "")
?(https = false)
?certificate_file
?key_file
?(builtins = true)
?(greeting = true)
?(adjust_terminal = true)
user's_dream_handler =
Sys.(set_signal sigpipe Signal_ignore);
let adjust_terminal =
adjust_terminal && Sys.os_type <> "Win32" && Unix.(isatty stderr) in
let restore_terminal =
if adjust_terminal then begin
(* The mystery terminal escape sequence is $(tput rmam). Prefer this,
hopefully it is portable enough. Calling tput seems like a security
risk, and I am not aware of an API for doing this programmatically. *)
prerr_string "\x1b[?7l";
flush stderr;
let attributes = Unix.(tcgetattr stderr) in
attributes.c_echo <- false;
Unix.(tcsetattr stderr TCSANOW) attributes;
fun () ->
(* The escape sequence is $(tput smam). *)
prerr_string "\x1b[?7h";
flush stderr
end
else
ignore
in
let log = Dream__middleware.Log.convenience_log in
if greeting then begin
let scheme =
if https then
"https"
else
"http"
in
begin match interface with
| "localhost" | "127.0.0.1" ->
log "Running at %s://localhost:%i" scheme port
| _ ->
log "Running on %s:%i (%s://localhost:%i)" interface port scheme port
end;
log "Type Ctrl+C to stop"
end;
try
Lwt_main.run begin
serve_with_maybe_https
"run"
~interface
~port
~stop
?debug
~error_handler
?secret
?old_secrets
~prefix
?app:None
~https:(if https then `OpenSSL else `No)
?certificate_file ?key_file
?certificate_string:None ?key_string:None
~builtins
user's_dream_handler
end;
restore_terminal ()
with exn ->
restore_terminal ();
raise exn