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<title>AKU Bihar | B.Tech : Civil Fifth (5th) Semester Syllabus</title>
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<h2 class="text-3xl text-white font-medium title-font mb-2">Civil</h2>
<p class="text-2xl leading-relaxed">First Semester</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container px-5 py-24 mx-auto">
<div class="-my-8">
<span id="Chemistry" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Mechanics of Materials </span>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Deformation and Strain</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Deformation and Strain covering description of finite deformation, Infinitesimal deformation; Analysis of statically determinate trusses; Stability of dams, retaining walls and chimneys; Stress analysis of thin, thick and compound cylinder.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Generalized state of stress and strain </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Generalized state of stress and strain: Stress and strain tensor, Yield criteria and theories of failure; Tresca, Von-Mises, Hill criteria, Heigh-Westerguard’s stress space.
</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
</div>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Momentum Balance and Stresses covering Forces </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Momentum Balance and Stresses covering Forces and Moments Transmitted by Slender Members, Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams, Momentum Balance, Stress States / Failure Criterion . </p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Mechanics of Deformable Bodies</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Mechanics of Deformable Bodies covering Force-deformation Relationships and Static Indeterminacy, Uniaxial Loading and Material Properties, Trusses and Their Deformations, Statically Determinate and Indeterminate Trusses.
</p>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-5</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Force-Stress and Displacement</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Force-Stress-Equilibrium covering Multiaxial Stress and Strain <br>Displacement – Strain covering Multiaxial Strain and Multiaxial Stress-strain Relationships </p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-6</span>
</div>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Elasticity and Elasticity Bounds </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Elasticity and Elasticity Bounds covering Stress-strain-temperature Relationships and Thin-walled Pressure Vessels, Stress and strain Transformations and Principal Stress, Failure of Materials.
</p>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-7</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Bending</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Stress and Strains; Deflections and Torsion covering Pure Bending, Moment-curvature Relationship, Beam Deflection, Symmetry, Superposition, and Statically Indeterminate Beams, Shear and Torsion, Torsion and Twisting, Thermoelasticity, Energy methods, Variational Methods; Strain energy, elastic, complementary and total strain energy, Strain energy of axially loaded bar, Beam in bending, shear and torsion; General energy theorems, Castigliano’s theorem, Maxwell Bettie’s reciprocal theorem; Virtual work and unit load method for deflection, Application to problems of beams and frames.
</p>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-8</span>
</div>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Structural stability </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Structural stability; Stability of columns, Euler’s formula, end conditions and effective length factor, Columns with eccentric and lateral load; Plasticity and Yield Design covering 1D-Plasticity – An Energy Approach, Plasticity Models, Limit Analysis and Yield Design.
</p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">BOOKS</span>
</div>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Suggested books</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">1. Norris, C.H. and Wilber, J. B. and Utku, S. “Elementary Structural Analysis” Mc Graw Hill, Tokyo, Japan<br>
2. Timoshenko, S. and Young, D. H., “Elements of Strength of Materials”, DVNC, New York, USA <br>
3. Kazmi, S. M. A., ‘Solid Mechanics” TMH, Delhi, India <br>
4. Hibbeler, R. C. Mechanics of Materials. 6th ed. East Rutherford, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004 </p>
</div>
</div>
<!--<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Practicals</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"></h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">1. Determination of Thermal Conductivity of a Metal Rod. <br> 2. Determination of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of a Composite wall.<br> 3. To find the effectiveness of a pin fin in a rectangular duct natural convective condition and plot temperature distribution along its length.<br> 4. To find the effectiveness of a pin fin in a rectangular duct under forced convective and plot temperature distribution along its length.<br> 5. Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient in a free Convection on a vertical tube. <br>6. Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient in a Forced Convention Flow through a Pipe. <br>7. Determination of Emissivity of a Surface.<br> 8. Determination of Stefan Boltzmann’s Constant.<br> 9. Determination of LMDT and Effectiveness in a Parallel Flow and Counter Flow Heat Exchangers
</p>
</div>
</div>-->
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</div>
</section>
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<span id="Mathematics-1" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Hydraulic Engineering </span>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Boundary Layer Analysis </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Boundary Layer Analysis-Assumption and concept of boundary layer theory. Boundary-layer thickness, displacement, momentum & energy thickness, laminar and Turbulent boundary layers on a flat plate; Laminar sub-layer, smooth and rough boundaries. Local and average friction coefficients. Separation and Control.
</p>
</div>
</div>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Introduction to Open Channel Flow</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Introduction to Open Channel Flow-Comparison between open channel flow and pipe flow, geometrical parameters of a channel, classification of open channels, classification of open channel flow, Velocity Distribution of channel section.
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Uniform Flow</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Uniform Flow-Continuity Equation, Energy Equation and Momentum Equation, Characteristics of uniform flow, Chezy’s formula, Manning’s formula. Factors affecting Manning’s Roughness Coefficient “ n .Most economical section of channel. Computation of Uniform flow, Normal depth.
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Non-Uniform Flow</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Non-Uniform Flow- Specific energy, Specific energy curve, critical flow, discharge curve Specific force Specific depth, and Critical depth. Channel Transitions. Measurement of Discharge and Velocity – Venturi Flume, Standing Wave Flume, Parshall Flume, Broad Crested Weir. Measurement of Velocity- Current meter, Floats, Hot-wire anemometer. Gradually Varied Flow-Dynamic Equation of Gradually Varied Flow, Classification of channel bottom slopes, Classification of surface profile, Characteristics of surface profile. Computation of water surface profile by graphical, numerical and analytical approaches. Direct Step method, Graphical Integration method and Direct integration method. </p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-5</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Hydraulic Jump</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Hydraulic Jump- Theory of hydraulic jump, Elements and characteristics of hydraulic jump in a rectangular Channel, length and height of jump, location of jump, Types,applications and location of hydraulic jump. Energy dissipation and other uses, surge as a moving hydraulic jump. Positive and negative surges.
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-6</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Computational Fluid Dynamics</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Basic equations of fluid dynamics, Grid generation, Introduction to in viscid incompressible flow, Boundary layer flow as applicable to C.F.D. Hydro informatics: Concept of hydro informatics –scope of internet and web based modeling in water resources engineering. </p>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Rotodynamic pump ( 7 Hrs ) </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Introduction, classification, centrifugal pump; main components, working principle velocity triangle, effect of shape of blade specific speed, heats, power and efficiency, calculations minimum steering speed, multi stage pumps, performance characteristic, comparison with reciprocating pump. </p>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Suggested Books</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> 1. Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics, P.M. Modi and S.M. Seth, Standard Book House <br>
2. Theory and Applications of Fluid Mechanics, K. Subramanya, Tata McGraw Hill. <br>
3. Open channel Flow, K. Subramanya, Tata McGraw Hill <br>
4. Open Channel Hydraulics, Ven Te Chow, Tata McGraw Hill.
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> 1. Flow Visualization <br>2. Studies in Wind Tunnel<br> 3. Boundary Layer<br>4. Flow around an Aerofoil / circular cylinder <br>5. Uniform Flow <br>6. Velocity Distribution in Open channel flow<br> 7. Venturi Flume 8. Standing Wave Flume<br> 9. Gradually Varied Flow<br> 10. Hydraulic Jump<br> 11. Flow under Sluice Gate<br> 12. Flow through pipes<br> 13. Turbulent flow through pipes<br> 14. Flow visualization<br> 15. Laminar flow through pipes <br>16. Major losses / Minor losses in pipe </p>
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<span id="PPS" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Analysis and design Of Concrete structure</span>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Introduction</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Concepts of energy principles, safety, sustainable development in performance; what makes a structure; principles of stability, equilibrium; what is a structural engineer, role of engineer, architect, user, builder; what are the functions’ what do the engineers design, first principles of process of design .
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Introduction to reinforced concrete structures</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Introduction to reinforced concrete structures, Basic material properties: stress-strain relation of concrete and reinforcing steel.
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Planning and Design Process </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Materials, Loads, and Design Safety; Behaviour and Properties of Concrete and Steel; Wind and Earthquake Loads Design philosophy: assumptions and code of practice .</p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Theory of singly reinforced members in bending</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Theory of singly reinforced members in bending, Design of simply supported and continuous beams with rectangular and flanged section. </p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-5</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Limit state of collapse in shear </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Limit state of collapse in shear, Design for bond, Design of one-way and two-way slab systems. </p>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Design of columns under uniaxial and biaxial bending, Design of footings and staircase.</p>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Suggested Books</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">1. Nilson, A. H. Design of Concrete Structures. 13th edition. McGraw Hill, 2004 <br>
2. McCormac, J.C., Nelson, J.K. Jr., Structural Steel Design. 3rd edition. Prentice Hall, N.J., 2003<br>
3. Galambos, T.V., Lin, F.J., Johnston, B.G., Basic Steel Design with LRFD, Prentice Hall, 1996 <br>
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<span id="Workshop" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Geotechnical Engineering -I</span>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Introduction </h2>
<p class="leading relaxed"> Introduction–Types of soils, their formation and deposition, Definitions: soil mechanics, soil engineering, rock mechanics, geotechnical engineering. Scope of soil engineering. Comparison and difference between soil and rock. Basic Definitions and Relationships-Soil as three-phase system in terms of weight, volume, voids ratio, and porosity. Definitions: moisture content, unit weights, degree of saturation, voids ratio, porosity, specific gravity, mass specific gravity, etc. Relationship between volume weight, voids ratio- moisture content, unit weight- percent air voids, saturation- moisture content, moisture content- specific gravity etc. Determination of various parameters such as: Moisture content by oven dry method, pycnometer, sand bath method, torsional balance method,nuclear method, alcohol method and sensors. Specific gravity by density bottle method, pycnometer method, measuring flask method. Unit weight by water displacement method, submerged weight method, core-cutter method, sand-replacement method.<br><br>On completion of this module, the students must be able to:
• Understand the different types of soil based on their formation mechanism; <br>• Understand the various phase diagrams and derive various phase relationships of the soil; Perform various laboratory experiments to determine moisture content, specific gravity; Perform field experiments to estimate the field density of the soil mass.
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Plasticity Characteristics of Soil </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Introduction to definitions of: plasticity of soil, consistency limits-liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, plasticity, liquidity and consistency indices, flow & toughness indices, definitions of activity and sensitivity. Determination of: liquid limit, plastic limit and shrinkage limit. Use of consistency limits. Classification of SoilsIntroduction of soil classification: particle size classification, textural classification, unified soil classification system, Indian standard soil classification system.
Identification: field identification of soils, general characteristics of soil in different groups. <br><br>
On completion of this module, the students must be able to: <br>
• Understand the behaviour of soils based on their moisture contents; <br> • Perform laboratory experiments to estimate various Atterberg limits and evaluate index properties of soils;<br> • Classify any soils based on their particle size distribution and index properties; </p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Permeability of Soil </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Darcy’s law, validity of Darcy’s law. Determination of coefficient of permeability: Laboratory method: constant-head method, falling-head method. Field method: pumping- in test, pumping- out test. Permeability aspects: permeability of stratified soils, factors affecting permeability of soil. Seepage Analysis- Introduction, stream and potential functions, characteristics of flow nets, graphical method to plot flow nets. <br><br>
On completion of this module, the student must be able to: <br>
• Determine the permeability of soils through various laboratory and field tests;<br> • Analytically calculate the effective permeability of anisotropic soil mass; <br> • Determine the seepage quantities and pore water pressures below the ground;<br> • Graphically plot the equipotential lines and flow lines in a seepage flow.
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Effective Stress Principle </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Introduction, effective stress principle, nature of effective stress, effect of water table. Fluctuations of effective stress, effective stress in soils saturated by capillary action, seepage pressure, quick sand condition. <br><br>
On completion of this module, the student must be able to: <br>
• Understand the physical significance of effective stress and its relation with pore pressure; <br> • Plot various stress distribution diagrams along the depth of the soil mass; <br>• Understand the effect of capillary action and seepage flow direction on the effective stress at a point in the soil mass.
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Compaction of Soil</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Introduction, theory of compaction, laboratory determination of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density. Compaction in field, compaction specifications and field control. <br><br>
On completion of this module, the student must be able to: <br>
• Perform laboratory test to determine the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of the soil; <br>• Variation in compaction curve with compaction effort and soil type;<br> • Determine the compactive effort required to obtain necessary degree of compaction insitu; <br> • Differentiate among various field methods of compaction and their usage based on the type of soil
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-6</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Stresses in soils </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Introduction, stresses due to point load, line load, strip load, uniformly loaded circular area, rectangular loaded area. Influence factors, Isobars, Boussinesq’s equation, Newmark’s Influence Chart. Contact pressure under rigid and flexible area, computation of displacements from elastic theory.<br><br> On completion of this module, the student must be able to: <br>
• Analytically compute the vertical stress in a semi-infinite soil mass due to various loading conditions; Plot isobars due various loading condition
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Practicals</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">List of tests on-</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">1. Field Density using Core Cutter method. <br> 2. Field Density using Sand replacement method.<br> 3. Natural moisture content using Oven Drying method. <br> 4. Field identification of Fine Grained soils.<br> 5. Specific gravity of Soils. <br>6. Grain size distribution by Sieve Analysis.<br> 7. Grain size distribution by Hydrometer Analysis.<br>8. Consistency limits by Liquid limit <br> 9. Consistency limits by Plastic limit<br> 10. Consistency limits by Shrinkage limit.<br> 11. Permeability test using Constant-head test method. <br>12. Permeability test using Falling-head method.<br> 13. Compaction test: Standard Proctor test.<br> 14. Compaction test: Modified Proctor test.<br> 15. Relative density.<br> 16. Consolidation Test. <br>17. Triaxial Test (UU) <br>18. Vane shear test<br> 19. Direct Shear Test<br> 20. Unconfined Compression Strength Test </p>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Suggested Books</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">1. Soil Mechanics by Craig R.F., Chapman & Hall <br>
2. Fundamentals of Soil Engineering by Taylor, John Wiley & Sons <br>
3. An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, by Holtz R.D. and Kovacs, W.D., Prentice Hall, NJ <br>
4. Principles of Foundation Engineering, by Braja M. Das, Cengage Learning
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<div class="container px-5 py-24 mx-auto">
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<span id="English" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering</span>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Introduction </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Introduction - hydrologic cycle, water-budget equation, history of hydrology, world water balance, applications in engineering, sources of data.</p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Precipitation</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Precipitation - forms of precipitation, characteristics of precipitation in India, measurement of precipitation, rain gauge network, mean precipitation over an area, depthareaduration relationships, maximum intensity/depth-duration-frequency relationship, Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP), rainfall data in India. </p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Abstractions from precipitation </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Abstractions from precipitation - evaporation process, evaporimeters, analytical methods of evaporation estimation, reservoir evaporation and methods for its reduction, evapotranspiration, measurement of evapotranspiration, evapotranspiration equations, potential evapotranspiration over India, actual evapotranspiration, interception, depression storage infiltration, infiltration capacity, measurement of infiltration, modelling infiltration capacity, classification of infiltration capacities, infiltration indices.
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Runoff</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Runoff - runoff volume, SCS-CN method of estimating runoff volume, flowduration curve, flow-mass curve, hydrograph, factors affecting runoff hydrograph, components of hydrograph, base flow separation, effective rainfall, unit hydrograph surface water resources of India, environmental flows. </p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-5</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Ground water and well hydrology </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Ground water and well hydrology - forms of subsurface water, saturated formation, aquifer properties, geologic formations of aquifers, well hydraulics: steady state flow in wells, equilibrium equations for confined and unconfined aquifers, aquifer tests.</p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-6</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Water withdrawals and uses </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">GWater withdrawals and uses – water for energy production, water for agriculture, water for hydroelectric generation; flood control. Analysis of surface water supply, Water requirement of crops-Crops and crop seasons in India, cropping pattern, duty and delta; Quality of irrigation water; Soil-water relationships, root zone soil water, infiltration, consumptive use, irrigation requirement, frequency of irrigation; Methods of applying water to the fields: surface, sub-surface, sprinkler and trickle / drip irrigation. </p>
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</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-7</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Distribution systems </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">GDistribution systems - canal systems, alignment of canals, canal losses, estimation of design discharge. Design of channels- rigid boundary channels, alluvial channels, Kennedy’s and Lacey’s theory of regime channels. Canal outlets: non-modular, semi-modular and modular outlets. Water logging: causes, effects and remedial measures. Lining of canals, types of lining. Drainage of irrigated lands: necessity, methods.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-8</span>
</div>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Dams and spillways </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Dams and spillways - embankment dams: Classification, design considerations, estimation and control of seepage, slope protection. Gravity dams: forces on gravity dams, causes of failure, stress analysis, elementary and practical profile. Arch and buttress dams. Spillways: components of spillways, types of gates for spillway crests; Reservoirs- Types, capacity of reservoirs, yield of reservoir, reservoir regulation, sedimentation, economic height of dam, selection of suitable site.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">BOOKS</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Suggested Books</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> 1. K Subramanya, Engineering Hydrology, Mc-Graw Hill. <br>
B. K N Muthreja, Applied Hydrology, Tata Mc-Graw Hill. <br>
C. K Subramanya, Water Resources Engineering through Objective Questions, Tata McGraw Hill. <br>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="text-gray-500 bg-gray-900 body-font overflow-hidden">
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<span id="hrd" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Environmental Engineering-I </span>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
</div>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Water</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Water: -Sources of Water and quality issues, water quality requirement for different beneficial uses, Water quality standards, water quality indices, water safety plans, Water Supply systems, Need for planned water supply schemes, Water demand industrial and agricultural water requirements, Components of water supply system; Transmission of water, Distribution system, Various valves used in W/S systems, service reservoirs and design. <br>
Water Treatment: aeration, sedimentation, coagulation flocculation, filtration, disinfection, advanced treatments like adsorption, ion exchange, membrane processes.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Air </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Air - Composition and properties of air, Quantification of air pollutants, Monitoring of air pollutants, Air pollution- Occupational hazards, Urban air pollution automobile pollution, Chemistry of combustion, Automobile engines, quality of fuel, operating conditions and interrelationship. Air quality standards, Control measures for Air pollution, construction and limitations .
</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
</div>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Noise</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Basic concept, measurement and various control methods.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
</div>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Building Plumbing</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Introduction to various types of home plumbing systems for water supply and waste water disposal, high rise building plumbing, Pressure reducing valves, Break pressure tanks, Storage tanks, Building drainage for high rise buildings, various kinds of fixtures and fittings used.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">BOOKS</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Suggested Books</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">1. Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science by Gilbert Masters, Prentice Hall, New Jersey<br>
2. Introduction to Environmental Engineering by P. Aarne Vesilind, Susan M. Morgan, Thompson /Brooks/Cole; Second Edition 2008<br>
3. Peavy, H.s, Rowe, D.R, Tchobanoglous, G. Environmental Engineering, Mc-Graw Hill International Editions, New York 1985
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Practicals:</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> List of Experiments </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">1. Physical Characterization of water: Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity, pH <br> 2. Analysis of solids content of water: Dissolved, Settleable, suspended, total, volatile, inorganic etc.<br> 3. Alkalinity and acidity, Hardness: total hardness, calcium and magnesium hardness<br> 4. Analysis of ions: copper, chloride and sulfate <br>5. Optimum coagulant dose 6. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)<br> 7. Dissolved Oxygen (D.O) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) <br> 8. Break point Chlorination <br> 9. Bacteriological quality measurement: MPN<br> 10. Ambient Air quality monitoring (TSP, RSPM, SOx, NOx)<br> 11. Ambient noise measurement
</p>
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</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="text-gray-500 bg-gray-900 body-font overflow-hidden">
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<div class="-my-8">
<span id="evs" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Transportation Engineering </span>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Highway development and planning</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Highway development and planning-Classification of roads, road development in India, Current road projects in India; highway alignment and project preparation.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Geometric design of highways</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Introduction; highway cross section elements; sight distance, design of horizontal alignment; design of vertical alignment; design of intersections, problems.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Traffic engineering & control</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Traffic Characteristics, traffic engineering studies, traffic flow and capacity, traffic regulation and control; design of road intersections; design of parking facilities; highway lighting; problems .
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Pavement materials</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Materials used in Highway Construction- Soils, Stone aggregates, bituminous binders, bituminous paving mixes; Portland cement and cement concrete: desirable properties, tests, requirements for different types of pavements. Problems .
</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-5</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Design of pavements</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Introduction; flexible pavements, factors affecting design and performance; stresses in flexible pavements; design of flexible pavements as per IRC; rigid pavements- components and functions; factors affecting design and performance of CC pavements; stresses in rigid pavements; design of concrete pavements as per IRC; problems .</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">BOOKS</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Suggested Books</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">1. Khanna, S.K., Justo, C.E.G and Veeraragavan, A, 'Highway Engineering', Revised 10th Edition, Nem Chand & Bros, 2017.<br>
2. Kadiyalai, L.R., ' Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning', Khanna Publishers. <br>
3. Partha Chakraborty, ' Principles Of Transportation Engineering, PHI Learning.<br>
4. Fred L. Mannering, Scott S. Washburn, Walter P. Kilareski,'Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis', 4th Edition, John Wiley
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
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<span id="oth" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Others </span>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2"></span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"></h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">1. Environmental Science: (Mandatory non-credit course) <br><br>(a) Awareness Activities:<br> i) Small group meetings about water management, promotion of recycle use, generation of less waste, avoiding electricity waste <br>ii) Slogan making events<br> iii) Poster making events<br> iv) Cycle rally<br> v) Lectures from experts<br><br> (b) Actual Activities:<br> i) Plantation <br>ii) Gifting a tree to see its full growth <br>iii) Cleanliness drive <br>iv) Drive for segregation of waste <br>v) To live some big environmentalist for a week or so to understand his work<br> vi) To work in kitchen garden for mess <br>vii) To know about the different varieties of plants <br>viii) Shutting down the fans and ACs of the campus for an hour or so .<br><br>2. Constitution of India/ Essence of Indian Traditional Knowledge.<br><br>3. Innovation/IPR/Entrepreneurship/Internship at end of 2nd semester for 6 week
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