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<title>AKU Bihar | B.Tech : ECE Third (3rd) Semester Syllabus</title>
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<h2 class="text-3xl text-white font-medium title-font mb-2">ECE</h2>
<p class="text-2xl leading-relaxed">Third Semester</p>
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<span id="Chemistry" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Network Theory</span>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
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<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Introduction ( 8 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Introduction to signals, their classification and properties, different types of systems, LTI systems and their properties, periodic waveforms and signal synthesis, properties and applications of Laplace transform. </p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> System Modeling ( 8 Lectures ) </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">System modeling in terms of differential equations and transient response of R, L, C, series and parallel circuits for impulse, step, ramp, sinusoidal and exponential signals by classical method and using Laplace transform. </p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Graph Theory ( 10 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Concept of tree, Tie-set matrix, Cut-set matrix and application to solve electric networks. Two port networks – Introduction of two port parameters and their interconversion, Interconnection of two 2-port networks, Open circuit and Short circuit impedances and ABCD constants, Relation between image impedances and Short circuit and Open circuit impedances.</p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Network Functions ( 10 Lectures ) </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Network functions, their properties and concept of transfer impedance, Hurwitz polynomial ,Positive real function and synthesis of LC, RC, RL Networks in Foster’s I and II, Cauer’s I and II forms.</p>
</div>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-5</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Introduction to passive filter and classification ( 4 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Introduction of passive filter and their classification, frequency response, Characteristic impedance of low pass, high pass, Band Pass and Band reject prototype section. </p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-6</span>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">BOOKS</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Suggested books</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">1. “Engineering Circuit Analysis”, by W H Hayt, TMH Eighth Edition<br>
2. “Network analysis and synthesis”, by F F Kuo, John Weily and Sons, 2nd Edition<br>
3. “Circuit Theory”, by S Salivahanan, Vikas Publishing House 1st Edition, 2014<br>
4. “Network analysis”, by M. E. Van Valkenburg, PHI, 2000</p>
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<span id="Mathematics-1" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Signals and Systems</span>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Introduction to Signal and System ( 10 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Definition, classification of systems, standard test signal, properties of system, properties of linear system, Properties: linearity: additivity and homogeneity, Shift-invariance, Causality.
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems ( 7 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, impulse response and step response, convolution, Characterization of causality and stability of linear time-invariant systems. System representation through differential equations and difference equations.</p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Laplace transformation</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Laplace transform of some important function, Shift theorem and its application, Laplace transform of periodic signals, Functional analysis of response, Initial and Final value theorems, Response to periodic sinusoidal excitation, Region Of Convergence, Poles and Zeros of system, Laplace domain analysis, Solution to differential equations. </p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Analysis of Fourier Methods ( 9 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Fourier series expansion, Functional symmetry condition, Exponential form of Fourier series, Fourier integral and Fourier transform, Multiplication and their effect in the frequency domain, Magnitude and Phase response, DTFT, Parseval’s Theorem. </p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-5</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Z-transformation ( 5 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Z transform of Discrete time signal, LTI system, solution of difference equation, Application of Z transform to open loop system, Region Of Convergence, z-domain analysis.</p>
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<span id="PPS" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Object oriented Programming</span>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Introduction to C++ ( 3 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Introduction to C++ : Object Oriented Technology, Advantages of OOP, Input- output in C++, Tokens, Keywords, Identifiers, Data Types C++, Derives data types. The void data type, Type Modifiers, Typecasting, Constant, Operator, Precedence of Operators, Strings.</p>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Control Structures and Functions</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Control Structures and Functions: Decision making statements like if-else, Nested if-else, goto, break, continue, switch case, Loop statement like for loop, nested for loop, while loop, do-while loop. Parts of Function, User- defined Functions, Value- Returning Functions, void Functions, Value Parameters, Function overloading, Virtual Functions.</p>
</div>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Classes and Data Abstraction</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Structure in C++, Class, Build- in Operations on Classes, Assignment Operator and Classes, Class Scope, Reference parameters and Class Objects (Variables), Member functions, Accessor and Mutator Functions, Constructors, default Constructor, Destructors.</p>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Overloading, Templates and Inheritance ( 8 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Operator Overloading, Function Overloading, Function Templates, Class Templates. Single and Multiple Inheritance, virtual Base class, Abstract Class, Pointer and Inheritance, Overloading Member Function.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-5</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Pointers, Arrays and Exception Handling ( 11 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Pointers, Arrays and Exception Handling: Void Pointers, Pointer to Class, Pointer to Object, Void Pointer, Arrays. The keywords try, throw and catch. Creating own Exception Classes, Exception Handling Techniques (Terminate the Program, Fix the Error and Continue, Log the Error and Continue), Stack Unwinding.</p>
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</div>
</div>
</section>
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<span id="Workshop" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest"> Mathematics-III </span>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Polynomials ( 6 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Orthogonal Polynomials –Lagrange’s, Chebysev Polynomials; Trigonometric Polynomials; Wavelet transforms : properties, methods, inverses and their applications.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Sets, relations and functions ( 10 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Sets, relations and functions: Basic operations on sets, Cartesian products, disjoint union (sum), and power sets. Different types of relations, their compositions and inverses. Different types of functions: Ber and Bei functions; recurrence relations, orthogonality properties. </p>
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</div>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Introduction to Graphs ( 6 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Graphs and their basic properties – degree, path, cycle, subgraph, isomorphism, Eulerian and Hamiltonian walk, trees.</p>
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</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Basic Statistics ( 10 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Measures of Central tendency: Moments, skewness and Kurtosis ; Probability distributions - Binomial, Poisson and Normal ; evaluation of statistical parameters for these three distributions, Correlation and regression – Rank correlation. </p>
</div>
</div>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-5</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Applied Statistics ( 10 Lectures ) </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Curve fitting by the method of least squares- fitting of straight lines, second degree parabolas and more general curves. Test of significance: Large sample test for single proportion, difference of proportions, single mean, difference of means, and difference of standard deviations. </p>
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</div>
</div>
</section>
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<span id="English" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Basic Electronics</span>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">PN junction diode ( 8 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Depletion layer, Barrier potential, Forward and Reverse bias, Breakdown voltage, I-V characteristics of PN junction diode, Knee voltage, Ideal PN junction diode, Diode capacitances, Breakdown diodes (Avalanche and Zener diode). Photodiode and Light Emitting Diode.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Rectifiers and filters ( 8 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Half wave and Full wave rectifiers (Centre-tap and Bridge), Regulation, Ripple factor, R-C, L-C and Pi filters. Clipping and Clamping circuits, Voltage multiplier.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">BJT ( 10 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Basic theory and Operation of PNP and NPN transistors, Characteristics of C-B, C-E and C-C configuration. Biasing : Base bias, Emitter feedback bias, Voltage divider bias, Load line, Operating point, Incremental analysis using hybrid model.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
</div>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">FET ( 8 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Introduction, Operation, I-V characteristics, JFET parameters, JFET amplifiers. MOSFET: Introduction, Operation, MOSFET parameters.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-5</span>
</div>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Integrated circuit ( 8 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Characteristics of an ideal Operational Amplifier. Application as inverting, noninverting amplifiers. Summer, Difference Amplifier, Differentiator, Integrator. Feedback Amplifiers. </p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">BOOKS</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"></h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">A. “Electronic devices and circuit theory” by Boylestead and Nashelsky, Pearson <br>
B. “Electronic principle” by Albert Malvino and Davis J Bates, TMH <br>
C. “Integrated Electronics”, By Jacob Millman and Christos Halkias <br>
</p>
</div>
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</div>
</section>
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<span id="Base" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Electrical and Electronics Materials</span>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Atomic structure and bonding in materials ( 8 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Crystal structure of materials, Crystal systems, Unit cells and space lattices, Determination of structures of simple crystals by X-ray diffraction, Miller indices of planes and directions, Packing geometry in Metallic, Ionic and Covalent solids. Concept of amorphous, single and polycrystalline structures and their effect on properties of materials. Crystal growth techniques. Imperfections in crystalline solids and their role in influencing various properties.</p>
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</div>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Band theory of Solids ( 5 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Energy band diagram, E – K Diagram, Reduced E – K Diagram, Insulators, Semiconductors & Conductors.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
</div>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Semiconductor( 10 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Single Crystal, Polycrystalline and Amorphous, Fermi – Dirac Distribution, Hall effect, Intrinsic & Extrinsic, N type & P type, Crystal growth – (1) Preparation of electronic grade polycrystal in Siemens reactor,(2) Czochrarlski Method & Float Zone method of bulk single crystal ingot preparation (3) Mirror finished wafer preparation (4) Epitaxial film growth – Chemical Vapor phase Deposition & Liquid Phase Epitaxy (5) Molecular Beam Epitaxy.
</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Dielectric behavior of materials ( 5 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Polarization, Dielectric constant at low frequency & high frequency, Dielectric loss, Piezoelectricity & FerroElectricity. </p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-5</span>
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<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Magnetic Properties ( 5 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Origin of magnetism in metallic and ceramic materials, Paramagnetism, Diamagnetism, Antiferromagnetism, Ferromagnetism, Ferrimagnetism, magnetic hysteresis, Influence of temperature on magnetic behaviour, domains and Hysteresis. </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-6</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Superconductors ( 4 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Low and High temperature (YBaCuO) superconductors, Meissner effect, Applications.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-7</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Printed Circuit Board ( 5 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Manufacturing process, Single- & Double-sided boards, surface mounted devices. </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">BOOKS</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"></h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">A. “Solid State Physics”, by Kittel, McGraw Hill <br>
B. “Principles of Electric Engineering Materials & Devices”, by S.O. Kasp, McGraw Hill. <br>
C.“Structure & properties of materials (VOL VI), Electronic Properties”, by Robert M. Rose, Lawrence A.Shepherd & John Wulf, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
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