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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>AKU Bihar | B.Tech : IT Fourth (4th) Semester Syllabus</title>
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<h2 class="text-3xl text-white font-medium title-font mb-2">IT</h2>
<p class="text-2xl leading-relaxed">Fouth Semester</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container px-5 py-24 mx-auto">
<div class="-my-8">
<span id="Chemistry" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Database Management Systems</span>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Database system architecture and Data Model ( 6 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Database system architecture: Data Abstraction, Data Independence, Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML). <br>
Data models: Entity-relationship model, network model, relational and object oriented data models, integrity constraints, data manipulation operations.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Relational Query Language ( 10 Hr) </h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Relational query languages: Relational algebra, Tuple and domain relational calculus, SQL3, DDL and DML constructs, Open source and Commercial DBMS - MYSQL, ORACLE, DB2, SQL server
<br>Relational database design: Domain and data dependency, Armstrong’s axioms, Normal forms, Dependency preservation, Lossless design. <br>
Query processing and optimization: Evaluation of relational algebra expressions, Query equivalence, Join strategies, Query optimization algorithms
</p>
</div>
</div>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
</div>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Storage Strategy (4 Hr )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Storage strategies: Indices, B-trees, hashing</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
</div>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Transaction Processing( 8 hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Transaction processing: Concurrency control, ACID property, Serializability of scheduling, Locking and timestamp based schedulers, Multi-version and optimistic Concurrency Control schemes, Database recovery.</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-5</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Database Security ( 6 Lectures )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Database Security: Authentication, Authorization and access control, DAC, MAC and RBAC models, Intrusion detection, SQL injection. </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-6</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Advance Topics( 4 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Advanced topics: Object oriented and object relational databases, Logical databases, Web databases, Distributed databases, Data warehousing and data mining.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">BOOKS</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Suggested books</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">1. “Database System Concepts”, 6th Edition by Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan, McGraw-Hill <br>
2. "Fundamentals of Database Systems”, 5th Edition by R. Elmasri and S. Navathe, Pearson Education <br>
3. "Foundations of Databases”, Reprint by Serge Abiteboul, Richard Hull, Victor Vianu, Addison-Wesley <br>
4. “Principles of Database and Knowledge – Base Systems”, Vol 1 by J. D. Ullman, Computer SciencePress</p>
</div>
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</div>
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<span id="Mathematics-1" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Formal Language & Automata Theory</span>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Introduction and Regular languages and finite automata( 10 hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Introduction: Alphabet, languages and grammars, productions and derivation, Chomsky hierarchy of languages. <br><br> Regular languages and finite automata: Regular expressions and languages, deterministic finite automata (DFA) and equivalence with regular expressions, nondeterministic finite automata (NFA) and equivalence with DFA, regular grammars and equivalence with finite automata, properties of regular languages, pumping lemma for regular languages, minimization of finite automata<br>
Data representation: signed number representation, fixed and floating point representations, character representation. Computer arithmetic – integer addition and subtraction, ripple carry adder, carry look-ahead adder, etc. multiplication – shift-and-add, Booth multiplier, carry save multiplier, etc. Division restoring and non-restoring techniques, floating point arithmetic.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Context-free languages and pushdown automat ( 10 hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Context-free grammars (CFG) and Contextfree languages (CFL), Chomsky and Greibach normal forms, nondeterministic pushdown automata (PDA) and equivalence with CFG, parse trees, ambiguity in CFG, pumping lemma for context-free languages, deterministic pushdown automata, closure properties of CFLs</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Context Sensitive Language ( 2 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Context-sensitive languages: Context-sensitive grammars (CSG) and Context-sensitive languages, linear bounded automata and equivalence with CSG</p>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2"> Turing Machine( 10 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Turing machines: The basic model for Turing machines (TM), Turing recognizable (Recursively enumerable) and Turing-decidable (recursive) languages and their closure properties, variants of Turing machines, nondeterministic TMs and equivalence with deterministic TMs, unrestricted grammars and equivalence with Turing machines, TMs as enumerator.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-5</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Undecidability</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Church-Turing thesis, universal Turing machine, the universal and diagonalization languages, reduction between languages and Rice’s theorem, undecidable problems about languages</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">BOOKS</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Suggested Books</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> 1. Michael Sipser, Introduction to the Theory of Computation, PWS Publishing. <br>
2. John E. Hopcroft, Rajeev Motwani and Jeffrey D. Ullman, Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation, Pearson Education Asia. <br>
3. Harry R. Lewis and Christos H. Papadimitriou, Elements of the Theory of Computation, Pearson EducationAsia. <br>
4. John Martin, Introduction to Languages and the Theory of Computation, Tata McGraw Hill. <br>
5. Dexter C. Kozen, Automata and Computability, Undergraduate Texts in Computer Science, Springer. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
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<span id="PPS" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Machine Learning</span>
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<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2"> </span>
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<span id="ciu" class="inline-block py-1 px-3 rounded bg-gray-800 text-gray-500 text-3xl font-medium tracking-widest">Computer Organisation and Architectures</span>
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<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-1</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Functional Blocks of a Computer ( 10 hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Functional blocks of a computer: CPU, memory, input-output subsystems, control unit. Instruction set architecture of a CPU–registers, instruction execution cycle, RTL interpretation of instructions, addressing modes, instruction set. Case study – instruction sets of some common CPUs.<br>
Data representation: signed number representation, fixed and floating point representations, character representation. Computer arithmetic – integer addition and subtraction, ripple carry adder, carry look-ahead adder, etc. multiplication – shift-and-add, Booth multiplier, carry save multiplier, etc. Division restoring and non-restoring techniques, floating point arithmetic.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-2</span>
</div>
<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Introduction to x86 architecture ( 14 hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Introduction to x86 architecture. CPU control unit design: hardwired and micro- programmed design approaches, Case study – design of a simple hypothetical CPU. Memory system design: semiconductor memory technologies, memory organization.<br>
Peripheral devices and their characteristics: Input-output subsystems, I/O device interface, I/O transfers–program controlled, interrupt driven and DMA, privileged and non-privileged instructions, software interrupts and exceptions. Programs and processes–role of interrupts in process state transitions, I/O device interfaces – SCII, USB.</p>
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<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-3</span>
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<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Pipelining ( 10 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed"> Basic concepts of pipelining, throughput and speedup, pipeline hazards.<br>
Parallel Processors: Introduction to parallel processors, Concurrent access to memory and cache coherency.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">Module-4</span>
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<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Memory organisation ( 6 Hrs )</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">Memory organization: Memory interleaving, concept of hierarchical memory organization, cache memory, cache size vs. Block size, mapping functions, replacement algorithms, write policies.</p>
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</div>
<div class="p-8 pl-8 my-8 flex border-2 rounded-lg border-gray-800 flex-wrap md:flex-no-wrap">
<div class="md:w-64 md:mb-0 mb-6 flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col">
<span class="text-2xl tracking-widest font-medium title-font text-white mb-2">BOOKS</span>
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<div class="md:flex-grow">
<h2 class="text-2xl font-medium text-white title-font mb-2">Suggested Books</h2>
<p class="leading-relaxed">1. Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface”, 5th Edition by David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy, Elsevier.<br>
2. Computer Organization and Embedded Systems”, 6th Edition by Carl Hamacher, McGraw Hill Higher Education.<br>
3. Computer System Design and Architecture”, 2nd Edition by Vincent P. Heuring and Harry F. Jordan, Pearson Education.</p>
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