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Building ripgrep with Cosmopolitan Libc

This repository contains exactly 2 lines of changes that get ripgrep to build with Cosmopolitan Libc.

To build this repo you need a recent version of gcc (9 or 10 ought to be good), a recent version of binutils (ld.bfd and objcopy), and bash because I wrote a simple filter script.

I created a custom compilation target for Rust, called x86_64-unknown-linux-cosmo, to provide a build process that uses the Cosmopolitan Libc amalgamation and cargo. I followed the documentation in the Rust Embedonomicon to create the target.

Steps to build

  1. Download the Cosmopolitan Libc amalgamation into the libcosmo folder:
mkdir libcosmo
cd libcosmo
wget https://justine.lol/cosmopolitan/cosmopolitan.zip
unzip cosmopolitan.zip
ls -al
# should have cosmopolitan.a, ape.lds etc.
cd ../

For reference, I used the nightly version of cosmopolitan.a from September 9 2022, which can be built from source if needed from this commit.

  1. Download the necessary host toolchain and source code for Rust:
# I was on Debian 11, so I did this
rustup toolchain install nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
rustup component add rust-src --toolchain nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
# on Alpine Linux, you may need to do
rustup toolchain install nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
rustup component add rust-src --toolchain nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl

For reference, this worked when I tried it for nightly-x86_64-linux-gnu and:

  • the Rust binaries on September 6 2022 (78a891d36 2022-09-06)
  1. run cargo build to get the executable. This uses a bash script that removes unnecessary linker arguments. A recent version of gcc and ld.bfd is required.
# I'm using --release here, but you can also build without that
cargo +nightly build --release  \
    -Zbuild-std=panic_abort,std -Zbuild-std-features="" \
    --target=./x86_64-unknown-linux-cosmo.json \
    --features='pcre2 simd-accel'

For reference, I used the below versions of gcc and ld.bfd

gcc (Debian 10.4.0-4) 10.4.0
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.38.90.20220713
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) a later version.
This program has absolutely no warranty.
  1. run objcopy to obtain the APE:
# look at the built release binaries
ls ./target/x86_64-unknown-linux-cosmo/release/*.com.dbg
# objcopy is the same version as ld.bfd above
objcopy -SO binary ./target/x86_64-unknown-linux-cosmo/release/rg.com.dbg ./rg.com
# run the APE or copy it to wherever you want
./rg.com --help
./rg.com "aaaa" ./

Now we have ripgrep building with Cosmopolitan Libc!

ripgrep (rg)

ripgrep is a line-oriented search tool that recursively searches the current directory for a regex pattern. By default, ripgrep will respect gitignore rules and automatically skip hidden files/directories and binary files. (To disable all automatic filtering by default, use rg -uuu.) ripgrep has first class support on Windows, macOS and Linux, with binary downloads available for every release. ripgrep is similar to other popular search tools like The Silver Searcher, ack and grep.

Build status Crates.io Packaging status

Dual-licensed under MIT or the UNLICENSE.

CHANGELOG

Please see the CHANGELOG for a release history.

Documentation quick links

Screenshot of search results

A screenshot of a sample search with ripgrep

Quick examples comparing tools

This example searches the entire Linux kernel source tree (after running make defconfig && make -j8) for [A-Z]+_SUSPEND, where all matches must be words. Timings were collected on a system with an Intel i7-6900K 3.2 GHz.

Please remember that a single benchmark is never enough! See my blog post on ripgrep for a very detailed comparison with more benchmarks and analysis.

Tool Command Line count Time
ripgrep (Unicode) rg -n -w '[A-Z]+_SUSPEND' 452 0.136s
git grep git grep -P -n -w '[A-Z]+_SUSPEND' 452 0.348s
ugrep (Unicode) ugrep -r --ignore-files --no-hidden -I -w '[A-Z]+_SUSPEND' 452 0.506s
The Silver Searcher ag -w '[A-Z]+_SUSPEND' 452 0.654s
git grep LC_ALL=C git grep -E -n -w '[A-Z]+_SUSPEND' 452 1.150s
ack ack -w '[A-Z]+_SUSPEND' 452 4.054s
git grep (Unicode) LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 git grep -E -n -w '[A-Z]+_SUSPEND' 452 4.205s

Here's another benchmark on the same corpus as above that disregards gitignore files and searches with a whitelist instead. The corpus is the same as in the previous benchmark, and the flags passed to each command ensure that they are doing equivalent work:

Tool Command Line count Time
ripgrep rg -uuu -tc -n -w '[A-Z]+_SUSPEND' 388 0.096s
ugrep ugrep -r -n --include='*.c' --include='*.h' -w '[A-Z]+_SUSPEND' 388 0.493s
GNU grep egrep -r -n --include='*.c' --include='*.h' -w '[A-Z]+_SUSPEND' 388 0.806s

And finally, a straight-up comparison between ripgrep, ugrep and GNU grep on a single large file cached in memory (~13GB, OpenSubtitles.raw.en.gz):

Tool Command Line count Time
ripgrep rg -w 'Sherlock [A-Z]\w+' 7882 2.769s
ugrep ugrep -w 'Sherlock [A-Z]\w+' 7882 6.802s
GNU grep LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 egrep -w 'Sherlock [A-Z]\w+' 7882 9.027s

In the above benchmark, passing the -n flag (for showing line numbers) increases the times to 3.423s for ripgrep and 13.031s for GNU grep. ugrep times are unaffected by the presence or absence of -n.

Why should I use ripgrep?

  • It can replace many use cases served by other search tools because it contains most of their features and is generally faster. (See the FAQ for more details on whether ripgrep can truly replace grep.)
  • Like other tools specialized to code search, ripgrep defaults to recursive search and does automatic filtering. Namely, ripgrep won't search files ignored by your .gitignore/.ignore/.rgignore files, it won't search hidden files and it won't search binary files. Automatic filtering can be disabled with rg -uuu.
  • ripgrep can search specific types of files. For example, rg -tpy foo limits your search to Python files and rg -Tjs foo excludes JavaScript files from your search. ripgrep can be taught about new file types with custom matching rules.
  • ripgrep supports many features found in grep, such as showing the context of search results, searching multiple patterns, highlighting matches with color and full Unicode support. Unlike GNU grep, ripgrep stays fast while supporting Unicode (which is always on).
  • ripgrep has optional support for switching its regex engine to use PCRE2. Among other things, this makes it possible to use look-around and backreferences in your patterns, which are not supported in ripgrep's default regex engine. PCRE2 support can be enabled with -P/--pcre2 (use PCRE2 always) or --auto-hybrid-regex (use PCRE2 only if needed). An alternative syntax is provided via the --engine (default|pcre2|auto-hybrid) option.
  • ripgrep has rudimentary support for replacements, which permit rewriting output based on what was matched.
  • ripgrep supports searching files in text encodings other than UTF-8, such as UTF-16, latin-1, GBK, EUC-JP, Shift_JIS and more. (Some support for automatically detecting UTF-16 is provided. Other text encodings must be specifically specified with the -E/--encoding flag.)
  • ripgrep supports searching files compressed in a common format (brotli, bzip2, gzip, lz4, lzma, xz, or zstandard) with the -z/--search-zip flag.
  • ripgrep supports arbitrary input preprocessing filters which could be PDF text extraction, less supported decompression, decrypting, automatic encoding detection and so on.
  • ripgrep can be configured via a configuration file.

In other words, use ripgrep if you like speed, filtering by default, fewer bugs and Unicode support.

Why shouldn't I use ripgrep?

Despite initially not wanting to add every feature under the sun to ripgrep, over time, ripgrep has grown support for most features found in other file searching tools. This includes searching for results spanning across multiple lines, and opt-in support for PCRE2, which provides look-around and backreference support.

At this point, the primary reasons not to use ripgrep probably consist of one or more of the following:

  • You need a portable and ubiquitous tool. While ripgrep works on Windows, macOS and Linux, it is not ubiquitous and it does not conform to any standard such as POSIX. The best tool for this job is good old grep.
  • There still exists some other feature (or bug) not listed in this README that you rely on that's in another tool that isn't in ripgrep.
  • There is a performance edge case where ripgrep doesn't do well where another tool does do well. (Please file a bug report!)
  • ripgrep isn't possible to install on your machine or isn't available for your platform. (Please file a bug report!)

Is it really faster than everything else?

Generally, yes. A large number of benchmarks with detailed analysis for each is available on my blog.

Summarizing, ripgrep is fast because:

  • It is built on top of Rust's regex engine. Rust's regex engine uses finite automata, SIMD and aggressive literal optimizations to make searching very fast. (PCRE2 support can be opted into with the -P/--pcre2 flag.)
  • Rust's regex library maintains performance with full Unicode support by building UTF-8 decoding directly into its deterministic finite automaton engine.
  • It supports searching with either memory maps or by searching incrementally with an intermediate buffer. The former is better for single files and the latter is better for large directories. ripgrep chooses the best searching strategy for you automatically.
  • Applies your ignore patterns in .gitignore files using a RegexSet. That means a single file path can be matched against multiple glob patterns simultaneously.
  • It uses a lock-free parallel recursive directory iterator, courtesy of crossbeam and ignore.

Feature comparison

Andy Lester, author of ack, has published an excellent table comparing the features of ack, ag, git-grep, GNU grep and ripgrep: https://beyondgrep.com/feature-comparison/

Note that ripgrep has grown a few significant new features recently that are not yet present in Andy's table. This includes, but is not limited to, configuration files, passthru, support for searching compressed files, multiline search and opt-in fancy regex support via PCRE2.

Installation

The binary name for ripgrep is rg.

Archives of precompiled binaries for ripgrep are available for Windows, macOS and Linux. Linux and Windows binaries are static executables. Users of platforms not explicitly mentioned below are advised to download one of these archives.

If you're a macOS Homebrew or a Linuxbrew user, then you can install ripgrep from homebrew-core:

$ brew install ripgrep

If you're a MacPorts user, then you can install ripgrep from the official ports:

$ sudo port install ripgrep

If you're a Windows Chocolatey user, then you can install ripgrep from the official repo:

$ choco install ripgrep

If you're a Windows Scoop user, then you can install ripgrep from the official bucket:

$ scoop install ripgrep

If you're a Windows Winget user, then you can install ripgrep from the winget-pkgs repository:

$ winget install BurntSushi.ripgrep.MSVC

If you're an Arch Linux user, then you can install ripgrep from the official repos:

$ sudo pacman -S ripgrep

If you're a Gentoo user, you can install ripgrep from the official repo:

$ sudo emerge sys-apps/ripgrep

If you're a Fedora user, you can install ripgrep from official repositories.

$ sudo dnf install ripgrep

If you're an openSUSE user, ripgrep is included in openSUSE Tumbleweed and openSUSE Leap since 15.1.

$ sudo zypper install ripgrep

If you're a RHEL/CentOS 7/8 user, you can install ripgrep from copr:

$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils
$ sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo=https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/carlwgeorge/ripgrep/repo/epel-7/carlwgeorge-ripgrep-epel-7.repo
$ sudo yum install ripgrep

If you're a Nix user, you can install ripgrep from nixpkgs:

$ nix-env --install ripgrep

If you're a Guix user, you can install ripgrep from the official package collection:

$ sudo guix install ripgrep

If you're a Debian user (or a user of a Debian derivative like Ubuntu), then ripgrep can be installed using a binary .deb file provided in each ripgrep release.

$ curl -LO https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep/releases/download/13.0.0/ripgrep_13.0.0_amd64.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i ripgrep_13.0.0_amd64.deb

If you run Debian stable, ripgrep is officially maintained by Debian, although its version may be older than the deb package available in the previous step.

$ sudo apt-get install ripgrep

If you're an Ubuntu Cosmic (18.10) (or newer) user, ripgrep is available using the same packaging as Debian:

$ sudo apt-get install ripgrep

(N.B. Various snaps for ripgrep on Ubuntu are also available, but none of them seem to work right and generate a number of very strange bug reports that I don't know how to fix and don't have the time to fix. Therefore, it is no longer a recommended installation option.)

If you're an ALT user, you can install ripgrep from the official repo:

$ sudo apt-get install ripgrep

If you're a FreeBSD user, then you can install ripgrep from the official ports:

$ sudo pkg install ripgrep

If you're an OpenBSD user, then you can install ripgrep from the official ports:

$ doas pkg_add ripgrep

If you're a NetBSD user, then you can install ripgrep from pkgsrc:

$ sudo pkgin install ripgrep

If you're a Haiku x86_64 user, then you can install ripgrep from the official ports:

$ sudo pkgman install ripgrep

If you're a Haiku x86_gcc2 user, then you can install ripgrep from the same port as Haiku x86_64 using the x86 secondary architecture build:

$ sudo pkgman install ripgrep_x86

If you're a Rust programmer, ripgrep can be installed with cargo.

  • Note that the minimum supported version of Rust for ripgrep is 1.70.0, although ripgrep may work with older versions.
  • Note that the binary may be bigger than expected because it contains debug symbols. This is intentional. To remove debug symbols and therefore reduce the file size, run strip on the binary.
$ cargo install ripgrep

Building

ripgrep is written in Rust, so you'll need to grab a Rust installation in order to compile it. ripgrep compiles with Rust 1.70.0 (stable) or newer. In general, ripgrep tracks the latest stable release of the Rust compiler.

To build ripgrep:

$ git clone https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep
$ cd ripgrep
$ cargo build --release
$ ./target/release/rg --version
0.1.3

If you have a Rust nightly compiler and a recent Intel CPU, then you can enable additional optional SIMD acceleration like so:

RUSTFLAGS="-C target-cpu=native" cargo build --release --features 'simd-accel'

The simd-accel feature enables SIMD support in certain ripgrep dependencies (responsible for transcoding). They are not necessary to get SIMD optimizations for search; those are enabled automatically. Hopefully, some day, the simd-accel feature will similarly become unnecessary. WARNING: Currently, enabling this option can increase compilation times dramatically.

Finally, optional PCRE2 support can be built with ripgrep by enabling the pcre2 feature:

$ cargo build --release --features 'pcre2'

(Tip: use --features 'pcre2 simd-accel' to also include compile time SIMD optimizations, which will only work with a nightly compiler.)

Enabling the PCRE2 feature works with a stable Rust compiler and will attempt to automatically find and link with your system's PCRE2 library via pkg-config. If one doesn't exist, then ripgrep will build PCRE2 from source using your system's C compiler and then statically link it into the final executable. Static linking can be forced even when there is an available PCRE2 system library by either building ripgrep with the MUSL target or by setting PCRE2_SYS_STATIC=1.

ripgrep can be built with the MUSL target on Linux by first installing the MUSL library on your system (consult your friendly neighborhood package manager). Then you just need to add MUSL support to your Rust toolchain and rebuild ripgrep, which yields a fully static executable:

$ rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
$ cargo build --release --target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl

Applying the --features flag from above works as expected. If you want to build a static executable with MUSL and with PCRE2, then you will need to have musl-gcc installed, which might be in a separate package from the actual MUSL library, depending on your Linux distribution.

Running tests

ripgrep is relatively well-tested, including both unit tests and integration tests. To run the full test suite, use:

$ cargo test --all

from the repository root.

Related tools

  • delta is a syntax highlighting pager that supports the rg --json output format. So all you need to do to make it work is rg --json pattern | delta. See delta's manual section on grep for more details.

Vulnerability reporting

For reporting a security vulnerability, please contact Andrew Gallant. The contact page has my email address and PGP public key if you wish to send an encrypted message.

Translations

The following is a list of known translations of ripgrep's documentation. These are unofficially maintained and may not be up to date.