rollup merge of rust-lang#20615: aturon/stab-2-thread

This commit takes a first pass at stabilizing `std::thread`:

* It removes the `detach` method in favor of two constructors -- `spawn`
  for detached threads, `scoped` for "scoped" (i.e., must-join)
  threads. This addresses some of the surprise/frustrating debug
  sessions with the previous API, in which `spawn` produced a guard that
  on destruction joined the thread (unless `detach` was called).

  The reason to have the division in part is that `Send` will soon not
  imply `'static`, which means that `scoped` thread creation can take a
  closure over *shared stack data* of the parent thread. On the other
  hand, this means that the parent must not pop the relevant stack
  frames while the child thread is running. The `JoinGuard` is used to
  prevent this from happening by joining on drop (if you have not
  already explicitly `join`ed.) The APIs around `scoped` are
  future-proofed for the `Send` changes by taking an additional lifetime
  parameter. With the current definition of `Send`, this is forced to be
  `'static`, but when `Send` changes these APIs will gain their full
  flexibility immediately.

  Threads that are `spawn`ed, on the other hand, are detached from the
  start and do not yield an RAII guard.

  The hope is that, by making `scoped` an explicit opt-in with a very
  suggestive name, it will be drastically less likely to be caught by a
  surprising deadlock due to an implicit join at the end of a scope.

* The module itself is marked stable.

* Existing methods other than `spawn` and `scoped` are marked stable.

The migration path is:

```rust
Thread::spawn(f).detached()
```

becomes

```rust
Thread::spawn(f)
```

while

```rust
let res = Thread::spawn(f);
res.join()
```

becomes

```rust
let res = Thread::scoped(f);
res.join()
```

[breaking-change]

Author: alexcrichton

src/compiletest/runtest.rs

@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ fn run_debuginfo_gdb_test(config: &Config, props: &TestProps, testfile: &Path) {
             loop {
                 //waiting 1 second for gdbserver start
                 timer::sleep(Duration::milliseconds(1000));
-                let result = Thread::spawn(move || {
+                let result = Thread::scoped(move || {
                     tcp::TcpStream::connect("127.0.0.1:5039").unwrap();
                 }).join();
                 if result.is_err() {

src/doc/intro.md

@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ fn main() {
     for _ in range(0u, 10u) {
         Thread::spawn(move || {
             println!("Hello, world!");
-        }).detach();
+        });
     }
 }
 ```
@@ -405,8 +405,7 @@ This program creates ten threads, who all print `Hello, world!`. The
 double bars `||`. (The `move` keyword indicates that the closure takes
 ownership of any data it uses; we'll have more on the significance of
 this shortly.) This closure is executed in a new thread created by
-`spawn`. The `detach` method means that the child thread is allowed to
-outlive its parent.
+`spawn`.
 
 One common form of problem in concurrent programs is a 'data race.'
 This occurs when two different threads attempt to access the same
@@ -429,7 +428,7 @@ fn main() {
     for i in range(0u, 3u) {
         Thread::spawn(move || {
             for j in range(0, 3) { numbers[j] += 1 }
-        }).detach();
+        });
     }
 }
 ```
@@ -488,7 +487,7 @@ fn main() {
             (*array)[i] += 1;
 
             println!("numbers[{}] is {}", i, (*array)[i]);
-        }).detach();
+        });
     }
 }
 ```

src/liballoc/arc.rs

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 //!
 //!     Thread::spawn(move || {
 //!         println!("{}", five);
-//!     }).detach();
+//!     });
 //! }
 //! ```
 //!
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 //!         *number += 1;
 //!
 //!         println!("{}", *number); // prints 6
-//!     }).detach();
+//!     });
 //! }
 //! ```
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ use heap::deallocate;
 ///             let local_numbers = child_numbers.as_slice();
 ///
 ///             // Work with the local numbers
-///         }).detach();
+///         });
 ///     }
 /// }
 /// ```

src/libcollections/dlist.rs

@@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_send() {
         let n = list_from(&[1i,2,3]);
-        Thread::spawn(move || {
+        Thread::scoped(move || {
             check_links(&n);
             let a: &[_] = &[&1,&2,&3];
             assert_eq!(a, n.iter().collect::<Vec<&int>>());

src/libcore/atomic.rs

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 //!     let spinlock_clone = spinlock.clone();
 //!     Thread::spawn(move|| {
 //!         spinlock_clone.store(0, Ordering::SeqCst);
-//!     }).detach();
+//!     });
 //!
 //!     // Wait for the other task to release the lock
 //!     while spinlock.load(Ordering::SeqCst) != 0 {}

src/librustc_driver/lib.rs

@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ pub fn monitor<F:FnOnce()+Send>(f: F) {
         cfg = cfg.stack_size(STACK_SIZE);
     }
 
-    match cfg.spawn(move || { std::io::stdio::set_stderr(box w); f() }).join() {
+    match cfg.scoped(move || { std::io::stdio::set_stderr(box w); f() }).join() {
         Ok(()) => { /* fallthrough */ }
         Err(value) => {
             // Thread panicked without emitting a fatal diagnostic

src/librustc_trans/back/write.rs

@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ fn run_work_multithreaded(sess: &Session,
             }
 
             tx.take().unwrap().send(()).unwrap();
-        }).detach();
+        });
     }
 
     let mut panicked = false;

src/librustdoc/lib.rs

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ struct Output {
 
 pub fn main() {
     static STACK_SIZE: uint = 32000000; // 32MB
-    let res = std::thread::Builder::new().stack_size(STACK_SIZE).spawn(move || {
+    let res = std::thread::Builder::new().stack_size(STACK_SIZE).scoped(move || {
         main_args(std::os::args().as_slice())
     }).join();
     std::os::set_exit_status(res.map_err(|_| ()).unwrap());
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ fn rust_input(cratefile: &str, externs: core::Externs, matches: &getopts::Matche
     let cr = Path::new(cratefile);
     info!("starting to run rustc");
 
-    let (mut krate, analysis) = std::thread::Thread::spawn(move |:| {
+    let (mut krate, analysis) = std::thread::Thread::scoped(move |:| {
         let cr = cr;
         core::run_core(paths, cfgs, externs, &cr, triple)
     }).join().map_err(|_| "rustc failed").unwrap();

src/librustdoc/test.rs

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ fn runtest(test: &str, cratename: &str, libs: SearchPaths,
             None => box io::stderr() as Box<Writer>,
         };
         io::util::copy(&mut p, &mut err).unwrap();
-    }).detach();
+    });
     let emitter = diagnostic::EmitterWriter::new(box w2, None);
 
     // Compile the code

src/libstd/io/comm_adapters.rs

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ mod test {
           tx.send(vec![3u8, 4u8]).unwrap();
           tx.send(vec![5u8, 6u8]).unwrap();
           tx.send(vec![7u8, 8u8]).unwrap();
-        }).detach();
+        });
 
         let mut reader = ChanReader::new(rx);
         let mut buf = [0u8; 3];
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ mod test {
           tx.send(b"rld\nhow ".to_vec()).unwrap();
           tx.send(b"are you?".to_vec()).unwrap();
           tx.send(b"".to_vec()).unwrap();
-        }).detach();
+        });
 
         let mut reader = ChanReader::new(rx);
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ mod test {
         writer.write_be_u32(42).unwrap();
 
         let wanted = vec![0u8, 0u8, 0u8, 42u8];
-        let got = match Thread::spawn(move|| { rx.recv().unwrap() }).join() {
+        let got = match Thread::scoped(move|| { rx.recv().unwrap() }).join() {
             Ok(got) => got,
             Err(_) => panic!(),
         };