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<h1 id="一条更新语句是如何执行的?"><a href="#一条更新语句是如何执行的?" class="headerlink" title="一条更新语句是如何执行的?"></a>一条更新语句是如何执行的?</h1><p>复习之前学过的内容,分析器,解析器,优化器,执行器 。更新流程和查询不一样,会涉及到2个重要的日志,一个redo log ,一个是bin log 。</p>
<h2 id="Redo-Log"><a href="#Redo-Log" class="headerlink" title="Redo Log"></a>Redo Log</h2><blockquote>
<p> redo log 属于innodb 引擎的日志 </p>
<ul>
<li>mysql中的WAL 技术,全称 write-ahead-loging ,关键点,先写内存后写磁盘,更新到内存更新就算完成了,innodb会在系统空闲时候去做写入磁盘操作。<ul>
<li>redo log 是固定大小的,比如配置4个大小为1G的文件,从头开始写,写到3的末尾结束。</li>
<li>write pos 和 check point 中间的位置是可以写入的内容,2个pos 都是向前推进的,当write 追上check的位置时,不能执行更新,需要check 往前进行推进。即使数据库发生异常,mysql 也能保证之前提交的记录保存下来,这个机制叫做<strong>crash-safe</strong> 。<br><img src="/../../../blog-pic/2019-03-31-19-45-19.png" alt></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="Bin-log"><a href="#Bin-log" class="headerlink" title="Bin log"></a>Bin log</h2><blockquote>
<p> binlog 属于server层的日志 ,binlog 有二种模式,一种是statement 另外是row ,statement 格式的话是记sql语句, row格式会记录行的内容,记两条,更 新前和更新后都有。<br>注: mysql 其实就2块,一块server层 另外一块是引擎层 。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="redo-log-和-binlog-的不同点"><a href="#redo-log-和-binlog-的不同点" class="headerlink" title="redo log 和 binlog 的不同点"></a>redo log 和 binlog 的不同点</h2><ol>
<li>redo log 属于引擎层,binlog 属于server层。</li>
<li>redo log 记录是的物理的日志,例如 “某个数据项上进行了修改”,binlog 是逻辑日志,记录这个语句的原始逻辑,例如 给id 为2 的c字段加一。</li>
<li>redo log 可以循环写,空间固定会用完,binlog 进行追加写,写到固定大小后,换另外一块写,不会覆盖。<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="分析下一个sql-更新的过程"><a href="#分析下一个sql-更新的过程" class="headerlink" title="分析下一个sql 更新的过程"></a>分析下一个sql 更新的过程</h2><blockquote>
<p> 例如更新一个表中id=2 的数据 </p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>首先执行器先找出id=2 的记录,id 是索引,通过索引树查询这条记录,判断如果在当前数据页中,直接返回给执行器,如果不是要从磁盘读取到内容,之后返回给执行器。</li>
<li>之后这行c 的值进行加一操作,写入到新行中。</li>
<li>新行数据写入到内存中,之后写入redolog 这个时候redo log处于 prepare 准备阶段。</li>
<li>mysql 写入binlog ,提交事务处于commit 状态,提交完成。<br><img src="./_image/2019-03-24-23-41-54.png" alt></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="二阶段提交"><a href="#二阶段提交" class="headerlink" title="二阶段提交"></a>二阶段提交</h2><blockquote>
<p>这里写入日志分为prepare 和 commit 二个阶段,这就属于2阶段提交。<br>首先数据库要根据自己的业务每天或者是2天进行一次全量的备份,可以编写定时脚本取做,cornb ?<br>所谓的二阶段提交就是保证redo log 和 bin log 保持逻辑上的一致。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="思考"><a href="#思考" class="headerlink" title="思考"></a>思考</h3><ul>
<li>如果先写redo log 后写 binlog 不使用二阶段提交会出什么问题?</li>
<li>如果写bin log 后 redo log 有什么样的问题发生?<br>不仅仅是mysql 崩溃时候 出现数据不一致,还有可能在数据扩容的时候发生不一致的情况,如果不采用二阶段提交。<h2 id="小结"><a href="#小结" class="headerlink" title="小结"></a>小结</h2><strong>redo log </strong> 有一个参数<strong> innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit 设置成1</strong> ,表示每次事务的redo 日志都持久化到磁盘,这样mysql 异常重启之后数据不会丢失。<br><strong>binlog </strong>参数 <strong>sync-binlog 设置成1</strong> ,表示每次事务binlog 都写入磁盘,mysql重启数据不会丢失。</li>
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<div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#一条更新语句是如何执行的?"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">一条更新语句是如何执行的?</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#Redo-Log"><span class="nav-number">1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">Redo Log</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#Bin-log"><span class="nav-number">1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">Bin log</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#redo-log-和-binlog-的不同点"><span class="nav-number">1.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">redo log 和 binlog 的不同点</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#分析下一个sql-更新的过程"><span class="nav-number">1.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">分析下一个sql 更新的过程</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#二阶段提交"><span class="nav-number">1.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">二阶段提交</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#思考"><span class="nav-number">1.5.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">思考</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#小结"><span class="nav-number">1.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">小结</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
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