Provide "Decade" calendar starting view

[bratanp9]

Bug, feature request, or proposal:

Please include a feature where the user can not only select a Month and Year view, but also a Decade view.

What is the expected behavior?

As a user, I would like to be able to move a decade back/forward using the calendar widget in order to quickly reach historical dates.
As a developer, I should be able to set the starting view as Decade.

What is the current behavior?

As a user, I am only able to move back/forward one year/month at a click.
As a developer, I am only able to set the starting view as Month or Year.

What are the steps to reproduce?

Providing a StackBlitz/Plunker (or similar) is the best way to get the team to see your issue.

Plunker starter (using on @master): https://goo.gl/uDmqyY

StackBlitz starter (using latest npm release): https://goo.gl/wwnhMV

Click on the date toggle button and open the calendar widget. You can only switch between Month and Year view.

What is the use-case or motivation for changing an existing behavior?

Application which shows historical events and allows users to type in a date and use a calendar widget. User should be able to go through time in a quicker manner. E.g. to access "Start of First World War in 1914", he should not be required to press the back button 103 times.

Which versions of Angular, Material, OS, TypeScript, browsers are affected?

Angular version: 5.0.0
Material version: 5.0.0-rc.1
OS: Windows 10 Pro
TypeScript version: 2.3.5
Browsers:
Microsoft Edge 40.15063.674.0 (PC)
Google Chrome 62.0.3202.94 (PC)
Firefox Quantum 57.0 (PC)
Google Chrome 62.0.3202.84 (Android 6.0)

Is there anything else we should know?

[dimitrov-db]

+1, this is a pain point for my users as well.

It's hard for people over 50 to register to my site. Most of them don't want to type in their date of birth and at the same time they get frustrated to click the back button 50+ times so they leave the site.

As this was causing a decrease in the conversion rate, I decided to remove the widget and force them to type in their date, however I'd love to reintroduce it.

[julianobrasil]

Dupe of #5845.

It has an already aproved PR that will likely be available in the next minor release.

[jelbourn]

Duplicate of #5845

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