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Chapter 1 - Create a DigitalOcean Kubernetes Cluster with Terraform

Rationale

In order to setup a GitOps workflow, you need to use an Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool so you can define infrastructure in files that can be tracked by a source control tool like Git.

Terraform is software that uses declarative configuration files to automate the provisioning of infrastructure resources like compute instances, managed databases, firewalls and Kubernetes Clusters.

In this chapter we will use Terraform to create a DigitalOcean Managed Kubernetes Cluster with a control plane and three nodes, like the diagram below.

kubernetes diagram showing a cluster with a control plane and three nodes

Diagram Source: Kubernetes Components Documentation

Prerequisites

Instructions

Step 1 - Clone and change into the workshop repository

Go to Github and fork clone the KubeCon EU 2022 Workshop Repo and then change into the directory.

Note Make sure to update the command with your github username.

To clone with SSH:

git clone git@github.com:<GITHUB_USERNAME>/kubecon-2022-doks-workshop.git
cd kubecon-2022-doks-workshop

To clone with HTTPS:

git clone https://github.com/<GITHUB_USERNAME>/kubecon-2022-doks-workshop.git
cd kubecon-2022-doks-workshop

Step 2 - Configure doctl

  1. Create an API token
  2. Export your token as an environment variable called DO_TOKEN.
export DO_TOKEN="<YOUR_DO_TOKEN>"

Note: Since Windows doesn't support enviornment variables, Windows users should keep the token on their clipboard to easily paste.

  1. Use the API token to grant account access to doctl
doctl auth init
  1. Validate that doctl is working
doctl account get

You should see output like this:

Email                            Droplet Limit    Email Verified    UUID                                    Status
kschlesinger@digitalocean.com    25               true              4ba4b281-ie98-4888-a843-2365cf961232    active

Step 4 - Update the doks.tf file

Look for the comments and check the following:

  • Change the datacenter region to one that is geographically close to you
  • Ensure you have the slug for latest version of DigitalOcean Kubernetes

Step 5 - Initialize your Terraform working directory

Change into the Terraform directory and run the initialize command:

cd terraform 
terraform init

If successful, you will see this message:

Terraform has been successfully initialized!

You may now begin working with Terraform. Try running "terraform plan" to see
any changes that are required for your infrastructure. All Terraform commands
should now work.

If you ever set or change modules or backend configuration for Terraform,
rerun this command to reinitialize your working directory. If you forget, other
commands will detect it and remind you to do so if necessary.

Step 6 - Run Terraform Plan and Apply

Run terraform plan

terraform plan -var do_token=$DO_TOKEN

If the plan looks good, run terraform apply.

terraform apply -var do_token=$DO_TOKEN

You must respond with yes to this prompt in order to create a cluster. You will see this question:

Do you want to perform these actions?
Terraform will perform the actions described above.
Only 'yes' will be accepted to approve.
Enter a value: yes

If the apply is successful, it will take a 4-5 minutes for your cluster to provision.

To see the status of your cluster, go to the DigitalOcean Cloud Console and click on the Kubernetes Tab. You will see a progress bar indicating whether or not your cluster is fully provisioned. When your cluster is ready, Terraform will also send you a success message in the terminal.

Apply complete! Resources: 1 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.

Step 7 - Add an authentication token or certificate to your kubectl configuration file to connect

Once your cluster is ready, download a kubeconfig file with your authentication data.

From the Kubernetes view in the Cloud Console, click on the Overview tab and go to 2. Connecting to Kubernetes. There, you will find a doctl command that will download all the necessary info to your kubeconfig file.

Screenshot of DO Cloud Console

For more in-depth instructions, please see the official DigitalOcean documentation on how to connect to a cluster.

Step 8 - Verify your cluster is up and running and that you can connect

When your cluster is ready, run the command

kubectl get nodes

You should see output similar to this:

NAME                   STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
kubecon-node-cbu76     Ready    <none>   1m     v1.22.8
kubecon-node-cbu7a     Ready    <none>   1m     v1.22.8
kubecon-node-cbu7e     Ready    <none>   1m     v1.22.8

Congratulations! You have created a Kubernetes Cluster with Terraform.

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