ci(rust): verify MSRV of each package (#2996)

Related to #2739

Verify on CI that the MSRV specification for each package is correct
using the command based on the cargo-msrv (copied from the arrow-rs
repo).

Author: eitsupi

.github/workflows/rust.yml

@@ -143,3 +143,23 @@ jobs:
           pushd rust
           cargo doc --workspace --all-features
           popd
+      - name: Verify MSRV (Minimum Supported Rust Version)
+        if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
+        working-directory: rust
+        run: |
+          # Install cargo-msrv
+          cargo_msrv_version="v0.18.4"
+          cargo_msrv_hash="367a48e4ad014b119bf728a9e95e863575e02fdf6cf95ae24f44ca73b445ee14"
+          cargo_msrv_archive="cargo-msrv.tgz"
+
+          curl -L "https://github.com/foresterre/cargo-msrv/releases/download/${cargo_msrv_version}/cargo-msrv-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu-${cargo_msrv_version}.tgz" -o "${cargo_msrv_archive}"
+          echo "${cargo_msrv_hash}  ${cargo_msrv_archive}" | sha256sum -c -
+          tar xz -f "${cargo_msrv_archive}" --wildcards --strip-components=1 -C "$HOME/.local/bin" "*/cargo-msrv"
+          rm "${cargo_msrv_archive}"
+
+          # Verify MSRV for each package
+          find . -mindepth 2 -name Cargo.toml | while read -r dir
+          do
+            echo "Checking package '$dir'"
+            cargo msrv verify --manifest-path "$dir" || exit 1
+          done