minor: make sql number parsing slightly more efficient + functional

[alamb]

Which issue does this PR close?

Related to #3397

Rationale for this change

I was inspired by @andygrove 's comment in #3397 (comment) to see if I could make the number parsing code better. I played around with it and figured I would propose it as a small follow on PR rather than making the original PR bigger.

What changes are included in this PR?

1. Rewrite numeric parsing to use a more functional style (and only try to parse as f64 if parsing as i64 fails)

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #3432 (12eedb0) into master (8b59b20) will decrease coverage by 0.00%.
The diff coverage is 60.00%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #3432      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   85.64%   85.63%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         296      296              
  Lines       54464    54469       +5     
==========================================
+ Hits        46643    46644       +1     
- Misses       7821     7825       +4     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
datafusion/sql/src/planner.rs	80.92% <60.00%> (-0.15%)	⬇️

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[Dandandan]

👍

[andygrove]

Nice!

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = e14d090 and contender = b247204. b247204 is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-datafusion-commits is not supported on ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-datafusion-commits is not supported on test-mac-arm] test-mac-arm
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-datafusion-commits is not supported on ursa-i9-9960x] ursa-i9-9960x
[Skipped ⚠️ Benchmarking of arrow-datafusion-commits is not supported on ursa-thinkcentre-m75q] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java