GH-41910: [Python] Add support for Pyodide (#37822)

pyarrow knows about ARROW_ENABLE_THREADING and doesn't use threads if they are not enabled in libarrow.

Split from #37696 

* GitHub Issue: #41910

Lead-authored-by: Joe Marshall <joe.marshall@nottingham.ac.uk>
Co-authored-by: Joris Van den Bossche <jorisvandenbossche@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ repos:
         # files: (/Dockerfile|\.dockerfile)$
         files: >-
           (
+          ?^ci/docker/conda-python-emscripten\.dockerfile$|
           ?^ci/docker/python-wheel-windows-test-vs2019\.dockerfile$|
           )
         types: []

ci/docker/conda-python-emscripten.dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+ARG repo
+ARG arch
+ARG python="3.12"
+FROM ${repo}:${arch}-conda-python-${python}
+
+ARG selenium_version="4.15.2"
+ARG pyodide_version="0.26.0"
+ARG chrome_version="latest"
+ARG required_python_min="(3,12)"
+# fail if python version < 3.12
+RUN echo "check PYTHON>=${required_python_min}" && python -c "import sys;sys.exit(0 if sys.version_info>=${required_python_min} else 1)"
+
+# install selenium and pyodide-build and recent python
+
+# needs to be a login shell so ~/.profile is read
+SHELL ["/bin/bash", "--login", "-c", "-o", "pipefail"]
+
+RUN python -m pip install --no-cache-dir selenium==${selenium_version} && \
+    python -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pyodide-build==${pyodide_version}
+
+# install pyodide dist directory to /pyodide
+RUN pyodide_dist_url="https://github.com/pyodide/pyodide/releases/download/${pyodide_version}/pyodide-${pyodide_version}.tar.bz2" && \
+    wget -q "${pyodide_dist_url}" -O- | tar -xj -C /
+
+# install correct version of emscripten for this pyodide
+COPY ci/scripts/install_emscripten.sh /arrow/ci/scripts/
+RUN bash /arrow/ci/scripts/install_emscripten.sh ~ /pyodide
+
+# make sure zlib is cached in the EMSDK folder
+RUN source ~/emsdk/emsdk_env.sh && embuilder --pic build zlib
+
+# install node 20 (needed for async call support)
+# and pthread-stubs for build, and unzip needed for chrome build to work
+RUN conda install nodejs=20  unzip pthread-stubs make -c conda-forge
+
+# install chrome for testing browser based runner
+COPY ci/scripts/install_chromedriver.sh /arrow/ci/scripts/
+RUN /arrow/ci/scripts/install_chromedriver.sh "${chrome_version}"
+
+# make the version of make that is installed by conda be available everywhere
+# or else pyodide's isolated build fails to find it
+RUN ln -s "$(type -P make)" /bin/make
+
+ENV ARROW_BUILD_TESTS="OFF" \
+    ARROW_BUILD_TYPE="release" \
+    ARROW_DEPENDENCY_SOURCE="BUNDLED" \
+    ARROW_EMSCRIPTEN="ON"

ci/scripts/cpp_build.sh

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ if [ -x "$(command -v git)" ]; then
 fi
 
 # TODO(kszucs): consider to move these to CMake
-if [ ! -z "${CONDA_PREFIX}" ]; then
+if [ ! -z "${CONDA_PREFIX}" ] && [ "${ARROW_EMSCRIPTEN:-OFF}" = "OFF" ]; then
   echo -e "===\n=== Conda environment for build\n==="
   conda list
 
@@ -99,6 +99,10 @@ if [ "${ARROW_EMSCRIPTEN:-OFF}" = "ON" ]; then
   fi
   n_jobs=2 # Emscripten build fails on docker unless this is set really low
   source ~/emsdk/emsdk_env.sh
+  export CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$(em-config CACHE)/sysroot
+  # conda sets LDFLAGS / CFLAGS etc. which break
+  # emcmake so we unset them
+  unset LDFLAGS CFLAGS CXXFLAGS CPPFLAGS
   emcmake cmake \
     --preset=ninja-${ARROW_BUILD_TYPE:-debug}-emscripten \
     -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=${CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE:-OFF} \

ci/scripts/install_chromedriver.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# Install Chrome and Chromedriver for Selenium
+
+set -e
+
+chrome_version=$1
+
+if [ $chrome_version = "latest" ]; then
+  latest_release_path=LATEST_RELEASE_STABLE
+else
+  latest_release_path=LATEST_RELEASE_${chrome_version}
+fi
+CHROME_VERSION_FULL=$(wget -q --no-verbose -O - "https://googlechromelabs.github.io/chrome-for-testing/${latest_release_path}")
+CHROME_DOWNLOAD_URL="https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/pool/main/g/google-chrome-stable/google-chrome-stable_${CHROME_VERSION_FULL}-1_amd64.deb"
+CHROMEDRIVER_DOWNLOAD_URL="https://storage.googleapis.com/chrome-for-testing-public/${CHROME_VERSION_FULL}/linux64/chromedriver-linux64.zip"
+wget -q --no-verbose -O /tmp/google-chrome.deb "${CHROME_DOWNLOAD_URL}"
+apt-get update
+apt install -qqy /tmp/google-chrome.deb
+rm -f /tmp/google-chrome.deb
+rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+wget --no-verbose -O /tmp/chromedriver-linux64.zip "${CHROMEDRIVER_DOWNLOAD_URL}"
+unzip /tmp/chromedriver-linux64.zip -d /opt/
+rm /tmp/chromedriver-linux64.zip
+ln -fs /opt/chromedriver-linux64/chromedriver /usr/local/bin/chromedriver
+echo "Using Chrome version: $(google-chrome --version)"
+echo "Using Chrome Driver version: $(chromedriver --version)"

ci/scripts/install_emscripten.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# install emscripten sdk version to match pyodide in $2 to directory $1/emsdk
+
+set -e
+
+target_path=$1
+pyodide_path=$2
+
+emscripten_version=$(${pyodide_path}/python -c "import sys;print(*sys._emscripten_info.emscripten_version,sep='.')")
+
+cd ${target_path}
+if [ ! -d emsdk ]; then
+  git clone https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk.git
+fi
+cd emsdk 
+./emsdk install ${emscripten_version} 
+./emsdk activate ${emscripten_version}
+echo "Installed emsdk to: ${target_path}"

ci/scripts/python_build_emscripten.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+set -ex
+
+arrow_dir=${1}
+build_dir=${2}
+
+
+source ~/emsdk/emsdk_env.sh
+
+source_dir=${arrow_dir}/python
+python_build_dir=${build_dir}/python
+
+rm -rf ${python_build_dir}
+cp -aL ${source_dir} ${python_build_dir}
+
+# conda sets LDFLAGS / CFLAGS etc. which break
+# emcmake so we unset them
+unset LDFLAGS CFLAGS CXXFLAGS CPPFLAGS
+
+pushd ${python_build_dir}
+pyodide build
+popd

ci/scripts/python_test_emscripten.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# run tests against Chrome and node.js as representative
+# WebAssembly platforms (i.e. one browser, one non-browser).
+
+set -ex
+
+build_dir=${1}/python
+pyodide_dist_dir=${2}
+
+cd ${build_dir}
+
+# note: this uses the newest wheel in dist
+pyodide_wheel=$(ls -t dist/pyarrow*.whl | head -1)
+
+echo "-------------- Running emscripten tests in Node ----------------------"
+python scripts/run_emscripten_tests.py ${pyodide_wheel} --dist-dir=${pyodide_dist_dir} --runtime=node
+
+echo "-------------- Running emscripten tests in Chrome --------------------"
+python scripts/run_emscripten_tests.py ${pyodide_wheel} --dist-dir=${pyodide_dist_dir} --runtime=chrome
+

cpp/CMakePresets.json

@@ -53,13 +53,15 @@
         "ARROW_ACERO": "ON",
         "ARROW_BUILD_SHARED": "OFF",
         "ARROW_BUILD_STATIC": "ON",
+        "ARROW_CSV": "ON",
         "ARROW_CUDA": "OFF",
         "ARROW_DEPENDENCY_SOURCE": "BUNDLED",
         "ARROW_DEPENDENCY_USE_SHARED": "OFF",
         "ARROW_ENABLE_THREADING": "OFF",
         "ARROW_FLIGHT": "OFF",
         "ARROW_IPC": "ON",
         "ARROW_JEMALLOC": "OFF",
+        "ARROW_JSON": "ON",
         "ARROW_MIMALLOC": "OFF",
         "ARROW_ORC": "ON",
         "ARROW_RUNTIME_SIMD_LEVEL": "NONE",

cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake

@@ -4551,6 +4551,7 @@ macro(build_orc)
                       BUILD_BYPRODUCTS ${ORC_STATIC_LIB}
                       CMAKE_ARGS ${ORC_CMAKE_ARGS}
                       DEPENDS ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF}
+                              ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_PROTOC}
                               ${ARROW_ZSTD_LIBZSTD}
                               ${Snappy_TARGET}
                               LZ4::lz4

dev/tasks/tasks.yml

@@ -1194,6 +1194,15 @@ tasks:
       image: conda-python
 {% endfor %}
 
+  test-conda-python-emscripten:
+    ci: github
+    template: docker-tests/github.linux.yml
+    params:
+      env:
+        UBUNTU: 22.04
+        PYTHON: 3.12
+      image: conda-python-emscripten
+
   test-conda-python-3.11-hypothesis:
     ci: github
     template: docker-tests/github.linux.yml

docker-compose.yml

@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ x-hierarchy:
           - conda-python-docs
         - conda-python-cython2
         - conda-python-dask
+        - conda-python-emscripten
         - conda-python-hdfs
         - conda-python-java-integration
         - conda-python-jpype
@@ -875,6 +876,38 @@ services:
         /arrow/ci/scripts/python_build.sh /arrow /build &&
         /arrow/ci/scripts/python_test.sh /arrow"]
 
+  conda-python-emscripten:
+    # Usage:
+    #   docker-compose build conda-python-emscripten
+    #   docker-compose run --rm conda-python-emscripten
+    # Parameters:
+    #   ARCH: amd64, arm64v8, ...
+    #   UBUNTU: 22.04
+    image: ${REPO}:${ARCH}-conda-python-emscripten
+    build:
+      context: .
+      dockerfile: ci/docker/conda-python-emscripten.dockerfile
+      cache_from:
+        - ${REPO}:${ARCH}-conda-python-${PYTHON}
+      args:
+        repo: ${REPO}
+        arch: ${ARCH}
+        clang_tools: ${CLANG_TOOLS}
+        llvm: ${LLVM}
+        pyodide_version: "0.26.0"
+        chrome_version: "122"
+        selenium_version: "4.15.2"
+        required_python_min: "(3,12)"
+        python: ${PYTHON}
+    shm_size: *shm-size
+    volumes: *ubuntu-volumes
+    environment:
+      <<: [*common, *ccache, *sccache, *cpp]
+    command: ["
+        /arrow/ci/scripts/cpp_build.sh /arrow /build &&
+        /arrow/ci/scripts/python_build_emscripten.sh /arrow /build &&
+        /arrow/ci/scripts/python_test_emscripten.sh /build /pyodide"]
+
   ubuntu-cuda-python:
     # Usage:
     #   docker-compose build cuda-cpp