add tests to check precision loss fix (#14284)

* add tests to check precision loss fix

* removed println

* Update datafusion/physical-expr/src/expressions/cast.rs

suggestions from Andrew

Co-authored-by: Andrew Lamb <andrew@nerdnetworks.org>

* Fix clippy

---------

Co-authored-by: Andrew Lamb <andrew@nerdnetworks.org>

Author: himadripal

datafusion/physical-expr/src/expressions/cast.rs

@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@ mod tests {
         },
         datatypes::*,
     };
+    use datafusion_common::assert_contains;
 
     // runs an end-to-end test of physical type cast
     // 1. construct a record batch with a column "a" of type A
@@ -399,6 +400,45 @@ mod tests {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cast_decimal_to_decimal_overflow() -> Result<()> {
+        let array = vec![Some(123456789)];
+
+        let decimal_array = array
+            .clone()
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect::<Decimal128Array>()
+            .with_precision_and_scale(10, 3)?;
+
+        let schema = Schema::new(vec![Field::new("a", Decimal128(10, 3), false)]);
+        let batch = RecordBatch::try_new(
+            Arc::new(schema.clone()),
+            vec![Arc::new(decimal_array)],
+        )?;
+        let expression =
+            cast_with_options(col("a", &schema)?, &schema, Decimal128(6, 2), None)?;
+        let e = expression.evaluate(&batch).unwrap_err(); // panics on OK
+        assert_contains!(
+            e.to_string(),
+            "Arrow error: Invalid argument error: 12345679 is too large to store in a Decimal128 of precision 6. Max is 999999"
+        );
+
+        let expression_safe = cast_with_options(
+            col("a", &schema)?,
+            &schema,
+            Decimal128(6, 2),
+            Some(DEFAULT_SAFE_CAST_OPTIONS),
+        )?;
+        let result_safe = expression_safe
+            .evaluate(&batch)?
+            .into_array(batch.num_rows())
+            .expect("failed to convert to array");
+
+        assert!(result_safe.is_null(0));
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_cast_decimal_to_numeric() -> Result<()> {
         let array = vec![Some(1), Some(2), Some(3), Some(4), Some(5), None];