[fix](memtable) add check when memtable init aggregate function to avoid core dump (#57934)

### What problem does this PR solve?

Sometimes planner will plan error and cause `slot_desc` less than
`_num_columns` and cause be core dump, this pr add check when memtable
init aggregate function to avoid core dump.

### Release note

None

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    - [ ] Unit Test
    - [ ] Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
    - [ ] No need to test or manual test. Explain why:
- [ ] This is a refactor/code format and no logic has been changed.
        - [ ] Previous test can cover this change.
        - [ ] No code files have been changed.
        - [ ] Other reason <!-- Add your reason?  -->

- Behavior changed:
    - [ ] No.
    - [ ] Yes. <!-- Explain the behavior change -->

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- [ ] Yes. <!-- Add document PR link here. eg:
apache/doris-website#1214 -->

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Author: sollhui

be/src/olap/memtable.cpp

@@ -104,6 +104,10 @@ void MemTable::_init_columns_offset_by_slot_descs(const std::vector<SlotDescript
 }
 
 void MemTable::_init_agg_functions(const vectorized::Block* block) {
+    if (_num_columns > _column_offset.size()) [[unlikely]] {
+        throw std::runtime_error(fmt::format("num_columns {} is greater than block columns {}",
+                                             _num_columns, _column_offset.size()));
+    }
     for (auto cid = _tablet_schema->num_key_columns(); cid < _num_columns; ++cid) {
         vectorized::AggregateFunctionPtr function;
         if (_keys_type == KeysType::UNIQUE_KEYS && _enable_unique_key_mow) {