[fix](nereids) fix prune map type cause backend core (#58573)

fix prune map type cause backend core, when the map type is changed, we
should not prune the nested column type, introduced by #57204

(cherry picked from commit 1d7f6c4)

Author: 924060929

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/rules/rewrite/AccessPathExpressionCollector.java

@@ -50,7 +50,9 @@
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.functions.scalar.StructElement;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.literal.Literal;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.visitor.DefaultExpressionVisitor;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.types.ArrayType;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.types.DataType;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.types.MapType;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.types.NestedColumnPrunable;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.types.StructField;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.types.StructType;
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@
 import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Stack;
 
@@ -135,7 +138,8 @@ public Void visitAlias(Alias alias, CollectorContext context) {
     public Void visitCast(Cast cast, CollectorContext context) {
         if (!context.accessPathBuilder.isEmpty()
                 && cast.getDataType() instanceof NestedColumnPrunable
-                && cast.child().getDataType() instanceof NestedColumnPrunable) {
+                && cast.child().getDataType() instanceof NestedColumnPrunable
+                && !mapTypeIsChanged(cast.child().getDataType(), cast.getDataType(), false)) {
 
             DataTypeAccessTree castTree = DataTypeAccessTree.of(cast.getDataType(), TAccessPathType.DATA);
             DataTypeAccessTree originTree = DataTypeAccessTree.of(cast.child().getDataType(), TAccessPathType.DATA);
@@ -509,4 +513,46 @@ public int hashCode() {
             return path.hashCode();
         }
     }
+
+    // if the map type is changed, we can not prune the type, because the map type need distinct the keys,
+    // e.g. select map_values(cast(map(3.0, 1, 3.1, 2) as map<int, int>));
+    // the result is [2] because the keys: 3.0 and 3.1 will cast to 3 and the second entry remained.
+    // backend will throw exception because it can not only access the values without the cast keys,
+    // so we should check whether the map type is changed, if not changed, we can prune the type.
+    private static boolean mapTypeIsChanged(DataType originType, DataType castType, boolean inMap) {
+        if (originType.isMapType()) {
+            MapType originMapType = (MapType) originType;
+            MapType castMapType = (MapType) castType;
+            if (mapTypeIsChanged(originMapType.getKeyType(), castMapType.getKeyType(), true)
+                    || mapTypeIsChanged(originMapType.getValueType(), castMapType.getValueType(), true)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        } else if (originType.isStructType()) {
+            StructType originStructType = (StructType) originType;
+            StructType castStructType = (StructType) castType;
+            List<Entry<String, StructField>> originFields
+                    = new ArrayList<>(originStructType.getNameToFields().entrySet());
+            List<Entry<String, StructField>> castFields
+                    = new ArrayList<>(castStructType.getNameToFields().entrySet());
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < originFields.size(); i++) {
+                DataType originFieldType = originFields.get(i).getValue().getDataType();
+                DataType castFieldType = castFields.get(i).getValue().getDataType();
+                if (mapTypeIsChanged(originFieldType, castFieldType, inMap)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        } else if (originType.isArrayType()) {
+            ArrayType originArrayType = (ArrayType) originType;
+            ArrayType castArrayType = (ArrayType) castType;
+            return mapTypeIsChanged(originArrayType.getItemType(), castArrayType.getItemType(), inMap);
+        } else if (inMap) {
+            return !originType.equals(castType);
+        } else {
+            // other type changed which not in map will not affect the map
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
 }

fe/fe-core/src/test/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/rules/rewrite/PruneNestedColumnTest.java

@@ -140,13 +140,20 @@ public void testStruct() throws Throwable {
 
     @Test
     public void testPruneCast() throws Exception {
+        // the map type is changed, so we can not prune type
+        assertColumn("select struct_element(cast(s as struct<k:text,l:array<map<int,struct<x:int,y:int>>>>), 'k') from tbl",
+                "struct<city:text,data:array<map<int,struct<a:int,b:double>>>>",
+                ImmutableList.of(path("s")),
+                ImmutableList.of()
+        );
+
         assertColumn("select struct_element(cast(s as struct<k:text,l:array<map<int,struct<x:int,y:double>>>>), 'k') from tbl",
                 "struct<city:text>",
                 ImmutableList.of(path("s", "city")),
                 ImmutableList.of()
         );
 
-        assertColumn("select struct_element(map_values(struct_element(cast(s as struct<k:text,l:array<map<int,struct<x:double,y:double>>>>), 'l')[0])[0], 'x') from tbl",
+        assertColumn("select struct_element(map_values(struct_element(cast(s as struct<k:text,l:array<map<int,struct<x:int,y:double>>>>), 'l')[0])[0], 'x') from tbl",
                 "struct<data:array<map<int,struct<a:int>>>>",
                 ImmutableList.of(path("s", "data", "*", "VALUES", "a")),
                 ImmutableList.of()