[SPARK-33670][SQL][2.4] Verify the partition provider is Hive in v1 SHOW TABLE EXTENDED

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Invoke the check `DDLUtils.verifyPartitionProviderIsHive()` from V1 implementation of `SHOW TABLE EXTENDED` when partition specs are specified.

This PR is some kind of follow up #16373 and #15515.

### Why are the changes needed?
To output an user friendly error with recommendation like
**"
... partition metadata is not stored in the Hive metastore. To import this information into the metastore, run `msck repair table tableName`
"**
instead of silently output an empty result.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
Yes.

### How was this patch tested?
By running the affected test suites, in particular:
```
$ build/sbt -Phive-2.3 -Phive-thriftserver "test:testOnly *HiveCatalogedDDLSuite"
$ build/sbt -Phive-2.3 -Phive-thriftserver "hive/test:testOnly *PartitionProviderCompatibilitySuite"
```

Authored-by: Max Gekk <max.gekkgmail.com>
Signed-off-by: HyukjinKwon <gurwls223apache.org>
(cherry picked from commit 29096a8)
Signed-off-by: Max Gekk <max.gekkgmail.com>

Closes #30641 from MaxGekk/show-table-extended-verifyPartitionProviderIsHive-2.4.

Authored-by: Max Gekk <max.gekk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: HyukjinKwon <gurwls223@apache.org>

Author: MaxGekk

sql/core/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/command/tables.scala

@@ -823,6 +823,9 @@ case class ShowTablesCommand(
       // Note: tableIdentifierPattern should be non-empty, otherwise a [[ParseException]]
       // should have been thrown by the sql parser.
       val table = catalog.getTableMetadata(TableIdentifier(tableIdentifierPattern.get, Some(db)))
+
+      DDLUtils.verifyPartitionProviderIsHive(sparkSession, table, "SHOW TABLE EXTENDED")
+
       val tableIdent = table.identifier
       val normalizedSpec = PartitioningUtils.normalizePartitionSpec(
         partitionSpec.get,

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/execution/command/DDLSuite.scala

@@ -2888,6 +2888,16 @@ abstract class DDLSuite extends QueryTest with SQLTestUtils {
       }
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-33670: show partitions from a datasource table") {
+    import testImplicits._
+    val t = "part_datasrc"
+    withTable(t) {
+      val df = (1 to 3).map(i => (i, s"val_$i", i * 2)).toDF("a", "b", "c")
+      df.write.partitionBy("a").format("parquet").mode(SaveMode.Overwrite).saveAsTable(t)
+      assert(sql(s"SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE '$t' PARTITION(a = 1)").count() === 1)
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 object FakeLocalFsFileSystem {

sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/PartitionProviderCompatibilitySuite.scala

@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ class PartitionProviderCompatibilitySuite
       s"ALTER TABLE $tableName PARTITION (partCol=1) SET LOCATION '/foo'",
       s"ALTER TABLE $tableName DROP PARTITION (partCol=1)",
       s"DESCRIBE $tableName PARTITION (partCol=1)",
-      s"SHOW PARTITIONS $tableName")
+      s"SHOW PARTITIONS $tableName",
+      s"SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE '$tableName' PARTITION (partCol=1)")
 
     withSQLConf(SQLConf.HIVE_MANAGE_FILESOURCE_PARTITIONS.key -> "true") {
       for (cmd <- unsupportedCommands) {
@@ -124,10 +125,15 @@ class PartitionProviderCompatibilitySuite
         }
         // disabled
         withSQLConf(SQLConf.HIVE_MANAGE_FILESOURCE_PARTITIONS.key -> "false") {
-          val e = intercept[AnalysisException] {
-            spark.sql(s"show partitions test")
+          Seq(
+            "SHOW PARTITIONS test",
+            "SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE 'test' PARTITION (partCol=1)"
+          ).foreach { showPartitions =>
+            val e = intercept[AnalysisException] {
+              spark.sql(showPartitions)
+            }
+            assert(e.getMessage.contains("filesource partition management is disabled"))
           }
-          assert(e.getMessage.contains("filesource partition management is disabled"))
           spark.sql("refresh table test")
           assert(spark.sql("select * from test").count() == 5)
         }