[SPARK-49054][SQL] Column default value should support current_* functions

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This is a regression between Spark 3.5.0 and Spark 4.
The following queries work on Spark 3.5.0 while fails on latest master branch:
```
CREATE TABLE test_current_user(i int, s string) USING parquet;
ALTER TABLE test_current_user ALTER COLUMN s SET DEFAULT current_user()
```
```
CREATE TABLE test_current_user(i int, s string default current_user()) USING parquet
INSERT INTO test_current_user (i) VALUES ((0));
```

This PR is to complete fixing this by eagerly executing finish-analysis and constant-folding rules before checking whether the expression is foldable and resolved.
### Why are the changes needed?

Bug fix

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

No
### How was this patch tested?

New UTs
### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No

Closes #47529 from gengliangwang/finishAnalysis.

Authored-by: Gengliang Wang <gengliang@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: Gengliang Wang <gengliang@apache.org>

Author: gengliangwang

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/util/ResolveDefaultColumnsUtil.scala

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.catalog.{CatalogDatabase, InMemoryCatalog, SessionCatalog}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{Literal => ExprLiteral}
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.optimizer.{ConstantFolding, ReplaceExpressions}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.optimizer.{ConstantFolding, Optimizer}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.{CatalystSqlParser, ParseException}
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical._
 import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.trees.TreePattern.PLAN_EXPRESSION
@@ -290,7 +290,9 @@ object ResolveDefaultColumns extends QueryErrorsBase
       val analyzer: Analyzer = DefaultColumnAnalyzer
       val analyzed = analyzer.execute(Project(Seq(Alias(parsed, colName)()), OneRowRelation()))
       analyzer.checkAnalysis(analyzed)
-      ConstantFolding(ReplaceExpressions(analyzed))
+      // Eagerly execute finish-analysis and constant-folding rules before checking whether the
+      // expression is foldable and resolved.
+      ConstantFolding(DefaultColumnOptimizer.FinishAnalysis(analyzed))
     } catch {
       case ex: AnalysisException =>
         throw QueryCompilationErrors.defaultValuesUnresolvedExprError(
@@ -517,6 +519,11 @@ object ResolveDefaultColumns extends QueryErrorsBase
     new CatalogManager(BuiltInFunctionCatalog, BuiltInFunctionCatalog.v1Catalog)) {
   }
 
+  /**
+   * This is an Optimizer for convert default column expressions to foldable literals.
+   */
+  object DefaultColumnOptimizer extends Optimizer(DefaultColumnAnalyzer.catalogManager)
+
   /**
    * This is a FunctionCatalog for performing analysis using built-in functions only. It is a helper
    * for the DefaultColumnAnalyzer above.

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/ResolveDefaultColumnsSuite.scala

@@ -287,4 +287,25 @@ class ResolveDefaultColumnsSuite extends QueryTest with SharedSparkSession {
       checkAnswer(sql("select v from t"), sql("select parse_json('1')").collect())
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-49054: Create table with current_user() default") {
+    val tableName = "test_current_user"
+    val user = spark.sparkContext.sparkUser
+    withTable(tableName) {
+      sql(s"CREATE TABLE $tableName(i int, s string default current_user()) USING parquet")
+      sql(s"INSERT INTO $tableName (i) VALUES ((0))")
+      checkAnswer(sql(s"SELECT * FROM $tableName"), Seq(Row(0, user)))
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("SPARK-49054: Alter table with current_user() default") {
+    val tableName = "test_current_user"
+    val user = spark.sparkContext.sparkUser
+    withTable(tableName) {
+      sql(s"CREATE TABLE $tableName(i int, s string) USING parquet")
+      sql(s"ALTER TABLE $tableName ALTER COLUMN s SET DEFAULT current_user()")
+      sql(s"INSERT INTO $tableName (i) VALUES ((0))")
+      checkAnswer(sql(s"SELECT * FROM $tableName"), Seq(Row(0, user)))
+    }
+  }
 }