NamingUtils.swift

// Sources/SwiftProtobufPluginLibrary/NamingUtils.swift - Utilities for generating names
//
// Copyright (c) 2014 - 2017 Apple Inc. and the project authors
// Licensed under Apache License v2.0 with Runtime Library Exception
//
// See LICENSE.txt for license information:
// https://github.com/apple/swift-protobuf/blob/main/LICENSE.txt
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
///
/// This provides some utilities for generating names.
///
/// NOTE: Only a very small subset of this is public. The intent is for this to
/// expose a defined api within the PluginLib, but the the SwiftProtobufNamer
/// to be what exposes the reusable parts at a much higher level. This reduces
/// the changes of something being reimplemented but with minor differences.
///
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

import Foundation
import SwiftProtobuf

///
/// We won't generate types (structs, enums) with these names:
///
private let reservedTypeNames: Set<String> = {
    () -> Set<String> in
    var names: Set<String> = []

    // Main SwiftProtobuf namespace
    // Shadowing this leads to Bad Things.
    names.insert("SwiftProtobuf")

    // Subtype of many messages, used to scope nested extensions
    names.insert("Extensions")

    // Subtypes are static references, so can conflict with static
    // class properties:
    names.insert("protoMessageName")

    // Methods on Message that we need to avoid shadowing.  Testing
    // shows we do not need to avoid `serializedData` or `isEqualTo`,
    // but it's not obvious to me what's different about them.  Maybe
    // because these two are generic?  Because they throw?
    names.insert("decodeMessage")
    names.insert("traverse")

    // Basic Message properties we don't want to shadow:
    names.insert("isInitialized")
    names.insert("unknownFields")

    // Standard Swift property names we don't want
    // to conflict with:
    names.insert("debugDescription")
    names.insert("description")
    names.insert("dynamicType")
    names.insert("hashValue")

    // We don't need to protect all of these keywords, just the ones
    // that interfere with type expressions:
    // names = names.union(swiftKeywordsReservedInParticularContexts)
    names.insert("Type")
    names.insert("Protocol")

    // Getting something called "Swift" would be bad as it blocks access
    // to built in things.
    names.insert("Swift")

    // And getting things on some of the common protocols could create
    // some odd confusion.
    names.insert("Equatable")
    names.insert("Hashable")
    names.insert("Sendable")

    names = names.union(swiftKeywordsUsedInDeclarations)
    names = names.union(swiftKeywordsUsedInStatements)
    names = names.union(swiftKeywordsUsedInExpressionsAndTypes)
    names = names.union(swiftCommonTypes)
    names = names.union(swiftSpecialVariables)
    return names
}()

///
/// Many Swift reserved words can be used as fields names if we put backticks
/// around them:
///
private let quotableFieldNames: Set<String> = {
    () -> Set<String> in
    var names: Set<String> = []

    names = names.union(swiftKeywordsUsedInDeclarations)
    names = names.union(swiftKeywordsUsedInStatements)
    names = names.union(swiftKeywordsUsedInExpressionsAndTypes)
    return names
}()

private let reservedFieldNames: Set<String> = {
    () -> Set<String> in
    var names: Set<String> = []

    // Properties are instance names, so can't shadow static class
    // properties such as `protoMessageName`.

    // Properties can't shadow methods.  For example, we don't need to
    // avoid `isEqualTo` as a field name.

    // Basic Message properties that we don't want to shadow
    names.insert("isInitialized")
    names.insert("unknownFields")

    // Standard Swift property names we don't want
    // to conflict with:
    names.insert("debugDescription")
    names.insert("description")
    names.insert("dynamicType")
    names.insert("hashValue")
    names.insert("init")
    names.insert("self")

    // We don't need to protect all of these keywords, just the ones
    // that interfere with type expressions:
    // names = names.union(swiftKeywordsReservedInParticularContexts)
    names.insert("Type")
    names.insert("Protocol")

    names = names.union(swiftCommonTypes)
    names = names.union(swiftSpecialVariables)
    return names
}()

///
/// Many Swift reserved words can be used as enum cases if we put quotes
/// around them:
///
private let quotableEnumCases: Set<String> = {
    () -> Set<String> in
    var names: Set<String> = []

    // We don't need to protect all of these keywords, just the ones
    // that interfere with enum cases:
    // names = names.union(swiftKeywordsReservedInParticularContexts)
    names.insert("associativity")
    names.insert("dynamicType")
    names.insert("optional")
    names.insert("required")

    names = names.union(swiftKeywordsUsedInDeclarations)
    names = names.union(swiftKeywordsUsedInStatements)
    names = names.union(swiftKeywordsUsedInExpressionsAndTypes)
    // Common type and variable names don't cause problems as enum
    // cases, because enum case names only appear in special contexts:
    // names = names.union(swiftCommonTypes)
    // names = names.union(swiftSpecialVariables)
    return names
}()

///
/// Some words cannot be used for enum cases, even if they are quoted with
/// backticks:
///
private let reservedEnumCases: Set<String> = [
    // Don't conflict with standard Swift property names:
    "allCases",
    "debugDescription",
    "description",
    "dynamicType",
    "hashValue",
    "init",
    "rawValue",
    "self",
]

///
/// Message scoped extensions are scoped within the Message struct with `enum
/// Extensions { ... }`, so we resuse the same sets for backticks and reserved
/// words.
///
private let quotableMessageScopedExtensionNames: Set<String> = quotableEnumCases
private let reservedMessageScopedExtensionNames: Set<String> = reservedEnumCases

private func isAllUnderscore(_ s: String) -> Bool {
    if s.isEmpty {
        return false
    }
    for c in s.unicodeScalars {
        if c != "_" { return false }
    }
    return true
}

private func sanitizeTypeName(_ s: String, disambiguator: String, forbiddenTypeNames: Set<String>) -> String {
    // NOTE: This code relies on the protoc validation of _identifier_ is defined
    // (in Tokenizer::Next() as `[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`, so this does not need
    // any complex validation or handing of characters outside those ranges. Since
    // those rules prevent a leading digit; nothing needs to be done, and any
    // explicitly use Message or Enum name will be valid. The one exception is
    // this code is also used for determining the OneOf enums, but that code is
    // responsible for dealing with the issues in the transforms it makes.
    if reservedTypeNames.contains(s) {
        return s + disambiguator
    } else if isAllUnderscore(s) {
        return s + disambiguator
    } else if s.hasSuffix(disambiguator) {
        // If `foo` and `fooMessage` both exist, and `foo` gets
        // expanded to `fooMessage`, then we also should expand
        // `fooMessage` to `fooMessageMessage` to avoid creating a new
        // conflict.  This can be resolved recursively by stripping
        // the disambiguator, sanitizing the root, then re-adding the
        // disambiguator:
        let e = s.index(s.endIndex, offsetBy: -disambiguator.count)
        let truncated = String(s[..<e])
        return sanitizeTypeName(truncated, disambiguator: disambiguator, forbiddenTypeNames: forbiddenTypeNames)
            + disambiguator
    } else if forbiddenTypeNames.contains(s) {
        // NOTE: It is important that this case runs after the hasSuffix case.
        // This set of forbidden type names is not fixed, and may contain something
        // like "FooMessage". If it does, and if s is "FooMessage with a
        // disambiguator of "Message", then we want to sanitize on the basis of
        // the suffix rather simply appending the disambiguator.
        // We use this for module imports that are configurable (like SwiftProtobuf
        // renaming).
        return s + disambiguator
    } else {
        return s
    }
}

private func isCharacterUppercase(_ s: String, index: Int) -> Bool {
    let scalars = s.unicodeScalars
    let start = scalars.index(scalars.startIndex, offsetBy: index)
    if start == scalars.endIndex {
        // it ended, so just say the next character wasn't uppercase.
        return false
    }
    return scalars[start].isASCUppercase
}

private func makeUnicodeScalarView(
    from unicodeScalar: UnicodeScalar
) -> String.UnicodeScalarView {
    var view = String.UnicodeScalarView()
    view.append(unicodeScalar)
    return view
}

private enum CamelCaser {
    // Abbreviation that should be all uppercase when camelcasing. Used in
    // camelCased(:initialUpperCase:).
    static let appreviations: Set<String> = ["url", "http", "https", "id"]

    // The diffent "classes" a character can belong in for segmenting.
    enum CharClass {
        case digit
        case lower
        case upper
        case underscore
        case other

        init(_ from: UnicodeScalar) {
            switch from {
            case "0"..."9":
                self = .digit
            case "a"..."z":
                self = .lower
            case "A"..."Z":
                self = .upper
            case "_":
                self = .underscore
            default:
                self = .other
            }
        }
    }

    /// Transforms the input into a camelcase name that is a valid Swift
    /// identifier. The input is assumed to be a protocol buffer identifier (or
    /// something like that), meaning that it is a "snake_case_name" and the
    /// underscores and be used to split into segements and then capitalize as
    /// needed. The splits happen based on underscores and/or changes in case
    /// and/or use of digits. If underscores are repeated, then the "extras"
    /// (past the first) are carried over into the output.
    ///
    /// NOTE: protoc validation of an _identifier_ is defined (in Tokenizer::Next()
    /// as `[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`, Since leading underscores are removed, it does
    /// have to handle if things would have started with a digit. If that happens,
    /// then an underscore is added before it (which matches what the proto file
    /// would have had to have a valid identifier also).
    static func transform(_ s: String, initialUpperCase: Bool) -> String {
        var result = String()
        var current = String.UnicodeScalarView()  // Collects in lowercase.
        var lastClass = CharClass("\0")

        func addCurrent() {
            guard !current.isEmpty else {
                return
            }
            var currentAsString = String(current)
            if result.isEmpty && !initialUpperCase {
                // Nothing, want it to stay lowercase.
            } else if appreviations.contains(currentAsString) {
                currentAsString = currentAsString.uppercased()
            } else {
                currentAsString = NamingUtils.uppercaseFirstCharacter(currentAsString)
            }
            result += String(currentAsString)
            current = String.UnicodeScalarView()
        }

        for scalar in s.unicodeScalars {
            let scalarClass = CharClass(scalar)
            switch scalarClass {
            case .digit:
                if lastClass != .digit {
                    addCurrent()
                }
                if result.isEmpty {
                    // Don't want to start with a number for the very first thing.
                    result += "_"
                }
                current.append(scalar)
            case .upper:
                if lastClass != .upper {
                    addCurrent()
                }
                current.append(scalar.ascLowercased())
            case .lower:
                if lastClass != .lower && lastClass != .upper {
                    addCurrent()
                }
                current.append(scalar)
            case .underscore:
                addCurrent()
                if lastClass == .underscore {
                    result += "_"
                }
            case .other:
                addCurrent()
                let escapeIt =
                    result.isEmpty
                    ? !isSwiftIdentifierHeadCharacter(scalar)
                    : !isSwiftIdentifierCharacter(scalar)
                if escapeIt {
                    result.append("_u\(scalar.value)")
                } else {
                    current.append(scalar)
                }
            }

            lastClass = scalarClass
        }

        // Add the last segment collected.
        addCurrent()

        // If things end in an underscore, add one also.
        if lastClass == .underscore {
            result += "_"
        }

        return result
    }
}

// Scope for the utilies to they are less likely to conflict when imported into
// generators.
public enum NamingUtils {

    // Returns the type prefix to use for a given
    static func typePrefix(protoPackage: String, fileOptions: Google_Protobuf_FileOptions) -> String {
        // Explicit option (including blank), wins.
        if fileOptions.hasSwiftPrefix {
            return fileOptions.swiftPrefix
        }

        if protoPackage.isEmpty {
            return String()
        }

        // NOTE: This code relies on the protoc validation of proto packages. Look
        // at Parser::ParsePackage() to see the logic, it comes down to reading
        // _identifiers_ joined by '.'.  And _identifier_ is defined (in
        // Tokenizer::Next() as `[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`, so this does not need
        // any complex validation or handing of characters outside those ranges.
        // It just has to deal with ended up with a leading digit after the pruning
        // of '_'s.

        // Transforms:
        //  "package.name" -> "Package_Name"
        //  "package_name" -> "PackageName"
        //  "pacakge.some_name" -> "Package_SomeName"
        var prefix = String.UnicodeScalarView()
        var makeUpper = true
        for c in protoPackage.unicodeScalars {
            if c == "_" {
                makeUpper = true
            } else if c == "." {
                makeUpper = true
                prefix.append("_")
            } else {
                if prefix.isEmpty && c.isASCDigit {
                    // If the first character is going to be a digit, add an underscore
                    // to ensure it is a valid Swift identifier.
                    prefix.append("_")
                }
                if makeUpper {
                    prefix.append(c.ascUppercased())
                    makeUpper = false
                } else {
                    prefix.append(c)
                }
            }
        }
        // End in an underscore to split off anything that gets added to it.
        return String(prefix) + "_"
    }

    /// Helper a proto prefix from strings.  A proto prefix means underscores
    /// and letter case are ignored.
    ///
    /// NOTE: Since this is acting on proto enum names and enum cases, we know
    /// the values must be _identifier_s which is defined (in Tokenizer::Next() as
    /// `[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`, so this code is based on that limited input.
    struct PrefixStripper {
        private let prefixChars: String.UnicodeScalarView

        init(prefix: String) {
            self.prefixChars = prefix.lowercased().replacingOccurrences(of: "_", with: "").unicodeScalars
        }

        /// Strip the prefix and return the result, or return nil if it can't
        /// be stripped.
        func strip(from: String) -> String? {
            var prefixIndex = prefixChars.startIndex
            let prefixEnd = prefixChars.endIndex

            let fromChars = from.lowercased().unicodeScalars
            var fromIndex = fromChars.startIndex
            let fromEnd = fromChars.endIndex

            while prefixIndex != prefixEnd {
                if fromIndex == fromEnd {
                    // Reached the end of the string while still having prefix to go
                    // nothing to strip.
                    return nil
                }

                if fromChars[fromIndex] == "_" {
                    fromIndex = fromChars.index(after: fromIndex)
                    continue
                }

                if prefixChars[prefixIndex] != fromChars[fromIndex] {
                    // They differed before the end of the prefix, can't drop.
                    return nil
                }

                prefixIndex = prefixChars.index(after: prefixIndex)
                fromIndex = fromChars.index(after: fromIndex)
            }

            // Remove any more underscores.
            while fromIndex != fromEnd && fromChars[fromIndex] == "_" {
                fromIndex = fromChars.index(after: fromIndex)
            }

            if fromIndex == fromEnd {
                // They matched, can't strip.
                return nil
            }

            guard fromChars[fromIndex].isASCLowercase else {
                // Next character isn't a lowercase letter (it must be a digit
                // (fromChars was lowercased)), that would mean to make an enum value it
                // would have to get prefixed with an underscore which most folks
                // wouldn't consider to be a better Swift naming, so don't strip the
                // prefix.
                return nil
            }

            let count = fromChars.distance(from: fromChars.startIndex, to: fromIndex)
            let idx = from.index(from.startIndex, offsetBy: count)
            return String(from[idx..<from.endIndex])
        }
    }

    static func sanitize(messageName s: String, forbiddenTypeNames: Set<String>) -> String {
        sanitizeTypeName(s, disambiguator: "Message", forbiddenTypeNames: forbiddenTypeNames)
    }

    static func sanitize(enumName s: String, forbiddenTypeNames: Set<String>) -> String {
        sanitizeTypeName(s, disambiguator: "Enum", forbiddenTypeNames: forbiddenTypeNames)
    }

    static func sanitize(oneofName s: String, forbiddenTypeNames: Set<String>) -> String {
        sanitizeTypeName(s, disambiguator: "Oneof", forbiddenTypeNames: forbiddenTypeNames)
    }

    static func sanitize(fieldName s: String, basedOn: String) -> String {
        if basedOn.hasPrefix("clear") && isCharacterUppercase(basedOn, index: 5) {
            return s + "_p"
        } else if basedOn.hasPrefix("has") && isCharacterUppercase(basedOn, index: 3) {
            return s + "_p"
        } else if reservedFieldNames.contains(basedOn) {
            return s + "_p"
        } else if basedOn == s && quotableFieldNames.contains(basedOn) {
            // backticks are only used on the base names, if we're sanitizing based on something else
            // this is skipped (the "hasFoo" doesn't get backticks just because the "foo" does).
            return "`\(s)`"
        } else if isAllUnderscore(basedOn) {
            return s + "__"
        } else {
            return s
        }
    }

    static func sanitize(fieldName s: String) -> String {
        sanitize(fieldName: s, basedOn: s)
    }

    static func sanitize(enumCaseName s: String) -> String {
        if reservedEnumCases.contains(s) {
            return "\(s)_"
        } else if quotableEnumCases.contains(s) {
            return "`\(s)`"
        } else if isAllUnderscore(s) {
            return s + "__"
        } else {
            return s
        }
    }

    static func sanitize(messageScopedExtensionName s: String) -> String {
        if reservedMessageScopedExtensionNames.contains(s) {
            return "\(s)_"
        } else if quotableMessageScopedExtensionNames.contains(s) {
            return "`\(s)`"
        } else if isAllUnderscore(s) {
            return s + "__"
        } else {
            return s
        }
    }

    /// Forces the first character to be uppercase (if possible) and leaves
    /// the rest of the characters in their existing case.
    ///
    /// Use toUpperCamelCase() to get leading "HTTP", "URL", etc. correct.
    static func uppercaseFirstCharacter(_ s: String) -> String {
        let out = s.unicodeScalars
        if let first = out.first {
            var result = makeUnicodeScalarView(from: first.ascUppercased())
            result.append(
                contentsOf: out[out.index(after: out.startIndex)..<out.endIndex]
            )
            return String(result)
        } else {
            return s
        }
    }

    /// Accepts any inputs and tranforms form it into a leading
    /// UpperCaseCamelCased Swift identifier. It follows the same conventions as
    /// that are used for mapping field names into the Message property names.
    public static func toUpperCamelCase(_ s: String) -> String {
        CamelCaser.transform(s, initialUpperCase: true)
    }

    /// Accepts any inputs and tranforms form it into a leading
    /// lowerCaseCamelCased Swift identifier. It follows the same conventions as
    /// that are used for mapping field names into the Message property names.
    public static func toLowerCamelCase(_ s: String) -> String {
        CamelCaser.transform(s, initialUpperCase: false)
    }

    static func trimBackticks(_ s: String) -> String {
        // This only has to deal with the backticks added when computing relative names, so
        // they are always matched and a single set.
        let backtick = "`"
        guard s.hasPrefix(backtick) else {
            assert(!s.hasSuffix(backtick))
            return s
        }
        assert(s.hasSuffix(backtick))
        let result = s.dropFirst().dropLast()
        assert(!result.hasPrefix(backtick) && !result.hasSuffix(backtick))
        return String(result)
    }

    static func periodsToUnderscores(_ s: String) -> String {
        s.replacingOccurrences(of: ".", with: "_")
    }

    /// This must be exactly the same as the corresponding code in the
    /// SwiftProtobuf library.  Changing it will break compatibility of
    /// the generated code with old library version.
    public static func toJsonFieldName(_ s: String) -> String {
        var result = String.UnicodeScalarView()
        var capitalizeNext = false

        for c in s.unicodeScalars {
            if c == "_" {
                capitalizeNext = true
            } else if capitalizeNext {
                result.append(c.ascUppercased())
                capitalizeNext = false
            } else {
                result.append(c)
            }
        }
        return String(result)
    }
}