fix(cli): getting credentials via SSO fails when the region is set in the profile

[otaviomacedo]

We were reading the region from the config file and passing it to the credential providers.
However, in the case of SSO, this makes the credential provider use that region to do the
SSO flow, which is incorrect. The region that should be used for that is the one set in the
sso_session section of the config file.

The long term solution is for all the logic for handling regions in the SDK itself, without
forcing consumers to know all the intricacies of all the use cases. As a mitigation for now,
we are using the non-public parentClientConfig while we wait for an SDK update.

Fixes #32510.

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➡️ PR build request submitted to test-main-pipeline ⬅️

A maintainer must now check the pipeline and add the pr-linter/cli-integ-tested label once the pipeline succeeds.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 78.77%. Comparing base (27619cc) to head (4ac5bf6).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #32520   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   78.77%   78.77%           
=======================================
  Files         108      108           
  Lines        7162     7163    +1     
  Branches     1320     1320           
=======================================
+ Hits         5642     5643    +1     
  Misses       1335     1335           
  Partials      185      185           

Flag	Coverage Δ
suite.unit	78.77% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

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Components	Coverage Δ
packages/aws-cdk	78.77% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

✅ Updated pull request passes all PRLinter validations. Dismissing previous PRLinter review.

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AWS CodeBuild CI Report

• CodeBuild project: AutoBuildv2Project1C6BFA3F-wQm2hXv2jqQv
• Commit ID: 4ac5bf6
• Result: SUCCEEDED
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