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The statistics – Chaos Report

On time, on budget, with all of the specified features and functions

具有預算,所有指定的特徵和功能

Cancelled before they were completed

在完成之前取消

delivered and operational but over-budget, over-schedule or with fewer features and functions than

已交付並投入運營,但預算超支,計劃過度或特徵和功能少於

Symptom of Software Crisis 軟件危機的徵兆

About US$250 billions spent per year in the US on application development Out of this, about US$140 billions wasted due to the projects getting abandoned or reworked; this in turn because of not following best practices and standards

每年在美國花費約2500億美元用於應用程序開發
其中,由於項目被放棄或重做,浪費了約1400億美元。
這又是因為未遵循最佳做法和標準

Symptom of Software Crisis

  • 10% of client/server apps are abandoned or restarted from scratch
  • 20% of apps are significantly altered to avoid disaster
  • 40% of apps are delivered significantly late
-10%的客戶端/服務器應用被放棄或從頭開始重啟
-為避免災難,對20%的應用程序進行了重大更改
-40%的應用交付時間明顯晚

Observed Problems 觀察到的問題

  • Software products:
    • fail to meet user requirements
    • crash frequently
    • expensive
    • difficult to alter, debug, enhance
    • often delivered late
    • use resources non-optimally
-軟件產品:
  -無法滿足用戶要求
  -經常崩潰
  -昂貴
  -難以更改,調試,增強
  -經常遲到
  -非最佳地使用資源

Why is the Statistics so Bad? 為什麼統計數據如此糟糕?

  • Misconception on software development
    • Software myths, e.g., the man-month myth
    • False assumptions
    • Not distinguishing the coding of a computer program from the development of a software product
  • Software programs have exponential growth in complexity and difficulty level with respect to size.
    • The ad hoc approach breaks down when size of software increases.
-對軟件開發的誤解
  -軟件神話,例如人工月神話
  -錯誤的假設
  -不區分計算機程序的編碼和軟件產品的開發
-軟件程序的複雜度和難度在規模上呈指數增長。
  -當軟件大小增加時,臨時方法會失效。

Why is the Statistics so Bad?

  • Software professionals lack engineering training
    • Programmers have skills for programming but without the engineering mindset about a process discipline
  • Internal complexities
    • Essences and accidents made by Fred. Brooks
-軟件專業人員缺乏工程培訓
  -程序員具有編程技能,但沒有關於流程學科的工程思想
-內部複雜性
  -Fred的要點和意外。布魯克斯

How is Software usually Constructed … 通常如何建構軟件?

1.軟件項目由於以下原因而失敗。
a)軟件神話
b)錯誤的假設
c)只專注於編碼
d)以上所有

2.臨時設計
非常大, 即使軟件變為複雜。

3.不同的利益相關者對衛星軟件產品可能有不同的看法。