Merge branch 'main' into inlinecomp2

* main: (50 commits)
  pythongh-102674: Remove _specialization_stats from Lib/opcode.py (python#102685)
  pythongh-102660: Handle m_copy Specially for the sys and builtins Modules (pythongh-102661)
  pythongh-102354: change python3 to python in docs examples (python#102696)
  pythongh-81057: Add a CI Check for New Unsupported C Global Variables (pythongh-102506)
  pythonGH-94851: check unicode consistency of static strings in debug mode (python#102684)
  pythongh-100315: clarification to `__slots__` docs. (python#102621)
  pythonGH-100227: cleanup initialization of global interned dict (python#102682)
  doc: Remove a duplicate 'versionchanged' in library/asyncio-task (pythongh-102677)
  pythongh-102013: Add PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects (python#102014)
  pythonGH-102670: Use sumprod() to simplify, speed up, and improve accuracy of statistics functions (pythonGH-102649)
  pythongh-102627: Replace address pointing toward malicious web page (python#102630)
  pythongh-98831: Use DECREF_INPUTS() more (python#102409)
  pythongh-101659: Avoid Allocation for Shared Exceptions in the _xxsubinterpreters Module (pythongh-102659)
  pythongh-101524: Fix the ChannelID tp_name (pythongh-102655)
  pythongh-102069: Fix `__weakref__` descriptor generation for custom dataclasses (python#102075)
  pythongh-98169 dataclasses.astuple support DefaultDict (python#98170)
  pythongh-102650: Remove duplicate include directives from multiple source files (python#102651)
  pythonGH-100987: Don't cache references to the names and consts array in `_PyEval_EvalFrameDefault`. (python#102640)
  pythongh-87092: refactor assemble() to a number of separate functions, which do not need the compiler struct (python#102562)
  pythongh-102192: Replace PyErr_Fetch/Restore etc by more efficient alternatives (python#102631)
  ...

Author: carljm

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ jobs:
         run: make smelly
       - name: Check limited ABI symbols
         run: make check-limited-abi
+      - name: Check for unsupported C global variables
+        if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'  # $GITHUB_EVENT_NAME
+        run: make check-c-globals
 
   build_win32:
     name: 'Windows (x86)'

Doc/c-api/gcsupport.rst

@@ -228,3 +228,36 @@ garbage collection runs.
    Returns the current state, 0 for disabled and 1 for enabled.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.10
+
+
+Querying Garbage Collector State
+--------------------------------
+
+The C-API provides the following interface for querying information about
+the garbage collector.
+
+.. c:function:: void PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects(gcvisitobjects_t callback, void *arg)
+
+   Run supplied *callback* on all live GC-capable objects. *arg* is passed through to
+   all invocations of *callback*.
+
+   .. warning::
+      If new objects are (de)allocated by the callback it is undefined if they
+      will be visited.
+
+      Garbage collection is disabled during operation. Explicitly running a collection
+      in the callback may lead to undefined behaviour e.g. visiting the same objects
+      multiple times or not at all.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
+.. c:type:: int (*gcvisitobjects_t)(PyObject *object, void *arg)
+
+   Type of the visitor function to be passed to :c:func:`PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects`.
+   *arg* is the same as the *arg* passed to ``PyUnstable_GC_VisitObjects``.
+   Return ``0`` to continue iteration, return ``1`` to stop iteration. Other return
+   values are reserved for now so behavior on returning anything else is undefined.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
+

Doc/library/__main__.rst

@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ one mentioned below are preferred.
 
    See :mod:`venv` for an example of a package with a minimal ``__main__.py``
    in the standard library. It doesn't contain a ``if __name__ == '__main__'``
-   block. You can invoke it with ``python3 -m venv [directory]``.
+   block. You can invoke it with ``python -m venv [directory]``.
 
    See :mod:`runpy` for more details on the :option:`-m` flag to the
    interpreter executable.

Doc/library/asyncio-task.rst

@@ -814,9 +814,6 @@ Waiting Primitives
    Raises :exc:`TimeoutError` if the timeout occurs before
    all Futures are done.
 
-   .. versionchanged:: 3.10
-      Removed the *loop* parameter.
-
    Example::
 
        for coro in as_completed(aws):

Doc/library/base64.rst

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ The modern interface provides:
    This allows an application to e.g. generate URL or filesystem safe Base64
    strings.  The default is ``None``, for which the standard Base64 alphabet is used.
 
-   May assert or raise a a :exc:`ValueError` if the length of *altchars* is not 2.  Raises a
+   May assert or raise a :exc:`ValueError` if the length of *altchars* is not 2.  Raises a
    :exc:`TypeError` if *altchars* is not a :term:`bytes-like object`.
 
 

Doc/library/concurrent.futures.rst

@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ ThreadPoolExecutor Example
            'http://www.cnn.com/',
            'http://europe.wsj.com/',
            'http://www.bbc.co.uk/',
-           'http://some-made-up-domain.com/']
+           'http://nonexistant-subdomain.python.org/']
 
    # Retrieve a single page and report the URL and contents
    def load_url(url, timeout):

Doc/library/dataclasses.rst

@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ Module contents
    :func:`astuple` raises :exc:`TypeError` if ``obj`` is not a dataclass
    instance.
 
-.. function:: make_dataclass(cls_name, fields, *, bases=(), namespace=None, init=True, repr=True, eq=True, order=False, unsafe_hash=False, frozen=False, match_args=True, kw_only=False, slots=False, weakref_slot=False)
+.. function:: make_dataclass(cls_name, fields, *, bases=(), namespace=None, init=True, repr=True, eq=True, order=False, unsafe_hash=False, frozen=False, match_args=True, kw_only=False, slots=False, weakref_slot=False, module=None)
 
    Creates a new dataclass with name ``cls_name``, fields as defined
    in ``fields``, base classes as given in ``bases``, and initialized
@@ -401,6 +401,10 @@ Module contents
    ``match_args``, ``kw_only``, ``slots``, and ``weakref_slot`` have
    the same meaning as they do in :func:`dataclass`.
 
+   If ``module`` is defined, the ``__module__`` attribute
+   of the dataclass is set to that value.
+   By default, it is set to the module name of the caller.
+
    This function is not strictly required, because any Python
    mechanism for creating a new class with ``__annotations__`` can
    then apply the :func:`dataclass` function to convert that class to

Doc/library/dis.rst

@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ the following command can be used to display the disassembly of
      2           0 RESUME                   0
    <BLANKLINE>
      3           2 LOAD_GLOBAL              1 (NULL + len)
-                14 LOAD_FAST                0 (alist)
-                16 CALL                     1
-                26 RETURN_VALUE
+                12 LOAD_FAST                0 (alist)
+                14 CALL                     1
+                24 RETURN_VALUE
 
 (The "2" is a line number).
 

Doc/library/importlib.metadata.rst

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ something into it:
 
 .. code-block:: shell-session
 
-    $ python3 -m venv example
+    $ python -m venv example
     $ source example/bin/activate
     (example) $ python -m pip install wheel
 

Doc/library/inspect.rst

@@ -1440,8 +1440,8 @@ code execution::
            pass
 
 
-Current State of Generators and Coroutines
-------------------------------------------
+Current State of Generators, Coroutines, and Asynchronous Generators
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 When implementing coroutine schedulers and for other advanced uses of
 generators, it is useful to determine whether a generator is currently
@@ -1476,6 +1476,22 @@ generator to be determined easily.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.5
 
+.. function:: getasyncgenstate(agen)
+
+   Get current state of an asynchronous generator object.  The function is
+   intended to be used with asynchronous iterator objects created by
+   :keyword:`async def` functions which use the :keyword:`yield` statement,
+   but will accept any asynchronous generator-like object that has
+   ``ag_running`` and ``ag_frame`` attributes.
+
+   Possible states are:
+    * AGEN_CREATED: Waiting to start execution.
+    * AGEN_RUNNING: Currently being executed by the interpreter.
+    * AGEN_SUSPENDED: Currently suspended at a yield expression.
+    * AGEN_CLOSED: Execution has completed.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
 The current internal state of the generator can also be queried. This is
 mostly useful for testing purposes, to ensure that internal state is being
 updated as expected:
@@ -1507,6 +1523,14 @@ updated as expected:
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.5
 
+.. function:: getasyncgenlocals(agen)
+
+   This function is analogous to :func:`~inspect.getgeneratorlocals`, but
+   works for asynchronous generator objects created by :keyword:`async def`
+   functions which use the :keyword:`yield` statement.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
 
 .. _inspect-module-co-flags: