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CDEvents

Abstract

CDEvents is a common specification for Continuous Delivery events.

Table of Contents

Overview

Each CDEvent is structured into two mandatory parts:

  • The context: its structure is common to all CDEvents
  • The subject: part of its root structure is common to all CDEvents, some of its content may vary from event to event, as described in the vocabulary

plus two optional attributes customData and customDataEncoding, that host CDEvents custom data.

The specification is structured in two main parts:

  • This document describes the part of the spec that are common to all events:

    • The context, made of mandatory and optional attributes
    • The common part of the subject
    • How to include custom / additional data in a CDEvent

  • The vocabulary describes event types, with their event specific mandatory and optional attributes. These attributes are all located in the subject object within the event. The vocabulary is organized in stages, each specified in a dedicated document in the spec.

For an introduction see the CDEvents README and for more background information please see our CDEvents primer.

Notations and Terminology

Notational Conventions

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.

For clarity, when a feature is marked as "OPTIONAL" this means that it is OPTIONAL for both the Producer and Consumer of a message to support that feature. In other words, a producer can choose to include that feature in a message if it wants, and a consumer can choose to support that feature if it wants. A consumer that does not support that feature will then silently ignore that part of the message. The producer needs to be prepared for the situation where a consumer ignores that feature. An Intermediary SHOULD forward OPTIONAL attributes.

Terminology

Note: CDEvents adopts, wherever applicable, the terminology used by CloudEvents. Specifically, the following terms are borrowed from the CloudEvents spec:

The CDEvents specification additionally defines the following terms:

Event

An "event" is a data record expressing an occurrence and its context. Events are routed from an event producer (the source) to interested event consumers. The routing can be performed based on information contained in the event, but an event will not identify a specific routing destination.

Subject

The "subject" is the entity with which the occurrence in a software system is concerned. For instance when a software build is started, the build is the subject of the occurrence, or when a service is deployed, the subject is the service. Subjects have a list of attributes associated, defined in the vocabulary. Subjects belong to two main categories:

  • long running, which stay in a running state until they're purposely stopped or encounter a failure or a condition that prevents them from running - for example a service, an environment, an artifact or a source change
  • run to completion, which independently stop after they accomplished (or failed to) a specific task, or encounter a failure or a condition that prevents them from continuing - for example a task run, a build or a test

Predicate

A "predicate" is what happened to a subject in an occurrence. For instance in case of a software build, started is a valid predicate in the occurrence, or in case of a service, deployed in a valid predicate. Valid predicate are defined in the vocabulary.

Types

Attributes in CDEvents are defined with as typed. We use a the types system defined by the CloudEvents project, plus some CDEvents specific types

  • Enum: an attribute of type String, constrained to a fixed set of options

  • List: a list of values of the same type

  • Object: a map of (key, value) tuples

    • Keys are of type String. Valid keys can be defined by this spec
    • Values can be any of the other kind
    • An object key is referred to as an "attribute"

  • Purl: a string in package-url format

    Object key names are by convention defined in CamelCase.

CDEvent context

REQUIRED Context Attributes

The following context attributes are REQUIRED to be present in all the Events defined in the vocabulary:

id (context)

  • Type: String

  • Description: Identifier for an event. Subsequent delivery attempts of the same event MAY share the same id. This attribute matches the syntax and semantics of the id attribute of CloudEvents.

  • Constraints:

    • REQUIRED
    • MUST be a non-empty string
    • MUST be unique within the given source (in the scope of the producer)

  • Examples:

type (context)

  • Type: String

  • Description: defines the type of event, as combination of a subject, predicate and version. Valid event types are defined in the vocabulary. All event types should be prefixed with dev.cdevents.. One occurrence may have multiple events associated, as long as they have different event types. Versions are semantic in the major.minor.patch format. For more details about versions see the the see versioning documentation.

  • Constraints:

  • Examples:

    • dev.cdevents.taskrun.started
    • dev.cdevents.environment.created
    • dev.cdevents.<subject>.<predicate>

source (context)

  • Type: URI-Reference

  • Description: defines the context in which an event happened. The main purpose of the source is to provide global uniqueness for source + id.

    The source MAY identify a single producer or a group of producer that belong to the same application.

    When selecting the format for the source, it may be useful to think about how clients may use it. Using the root use cases as reference:

    • A client may want to react only to events sent by a specific service, like the instance of Tekton that runs in a specific cluster or the instance of Jenkins managed by team X
    • A client may want to collate all events coming from a specific source for monitoring, observability or visualization purposes

  • Constraints:

    • REQUIRED
    • MUST be a non-empty URI-reference
    • An absolute URI is RECOMMENDED

  • Examples:

    • If there is a single "context" (cloud, cluster or platform of some kind)

      • /tekton
      • https://www.jenkins.io/

    • If there are multiple "contexts":

      • /cloud1/spinnaker-A
      • /cluster2/keptn-A
      • /teamX/knative-1

timestamp

  • Type: timestamp

  • Description: defines the time of the occurrence. When the time of the occurrence is not available, the time when the event was produced MAY be used.

    In case the transport layer should require a re-transmission of the event, the timestamp SHOULD NOT be updated, i.e. it should be the same for the same source + id combination.

  • Constraints:

    • REQUIRED
    • MUST adhere to the format specified in RFC 3339

version

  • Type: String

  • Description: The version of the CDEvents specification which the event uses. This enables the interpretation of the context. Compliant event producers MUST use a value of 0.1.0 when referring to this version of the specification. For more details see versioning.

  • Constraints:

    • REQUIRED
    • MUST be a non-empty string

Context example

This is an example of a full CDEvent context, rendered in JSON format:

{
    "context": {
    "version" : "0.1.0",
    "id" : "A234-1234-1234",
    "source" : "/staging/tekton/",
    "type" : "dev.cdevents.taskrun.started",
    "timestamp" : "2018-04-05T17:31:00Z"
  }
}

CDEvent subject

REQUIRED Subject Attributes

The following subject attributes are REQUIRED to be present in all the event defined in the vocabulary:

id (subject)

  • Type: String

  • Description: Identifier for a subject. Subsequent events associated to the same subject MUST use the same subject id.

  • Constraints:

    • REQUIRED
    • MUST be a non-empty string
    • MUST be unique within the given source (in the scope of the producer)

  • Examples:

content

  • Type: Object

  • Description: This provides all the relevant details of the content. The format of the content depends on the event type. All attributes in the subject content, REQUIRED and OPTIONAL ones, MUST comply with the specification from the vocabulary. The content may be empty.

  • Constraints:

    • REQUIRED

  • Example:

    • Considering the event type dev.cdevents.taskrun.started, an example of subject, serialized as JSON, is:

          "content" : {
      "task": "my-task",
      "url": "/apis/tekton.dev/v1beta1/namespaces/default/taskruns/my-taskrun-123"
    }

OPTIONAL Subject Attributes

source (subject)

  • Type: URI-Reference

  • Description: defines the context in which the subject originated. In most cases the source of the subject matches the source of the event. This field should be used only in cases where the source of the subject is different from the source of the event.

    The format and semantic of the subject source are the same of those of the context source.

type (subject)

  • Type: Enum

  • Description: A string defined in the vocabulary that identifies the type of subject.

  • Constraints:

    • REQUIRED when content is not empty

Subject example

The following example shows context and subject together, rendered as JSON.

{
   "context": {
      "version" : "0.1.0",
      "id" : "A234-1234-1234",
      "source" : "/staging/tekton/",
      "type" : "dev.cdevents.taskrun.started",
      "timestamp" : "2018-04-05T17:31:00Z"
   },
   "subject" : {
      "id": "my-taskrun-123",
      "type": "taskRun",
      "content": {
         "task": "my-task",
         "url": "/apis/tekton.dev/v1beta1/namespaces/default/taskruns/my-taskrun-123",
         "pipelineRun": {
            "id": "my-distributed-pipelinerun",
            "source": "/tenant1/tekton/"
         }
      }
   }
}

CDEvents custom data

The customData and customDataContentType fields can be used to carry additional data in CDEvents.

OPTIONAL Custom Data attributes

customData

  • Type: This specification does not place any restriction on the type of this information.

  • Description: custom data. The content of the customData field is not specified in CDEvent and typically require tool specific knowledge to be parsed.

  • Constraints:

    • OPTIONAL

  • Examples:

    • {"mydata1": "myvalue1"}
    • "VGhlIHZvY2FidWxhcnkgZGVmaW5lcyAqZXZlbnQgdHlwZXMqLCB3aGljaCBhcmUgbWFkZSBvZiAqc3ViamVjdHMqCg=="

customDataContentType

The customDataContentType is modelled after the CloudEvents datacontenttype.

  • Type: String

  • Description: Content type of customData value. This attribute enables data to carry any type of content, whereby format and encoding might differ from that of the chosen event format. For example, an event rendered using the CloudEvents format might carry an XML payload in data, and the consumer is informed by this attribute being set to "application/xml". The rules for how data content is rendered for different customDataContentType values are defined in the specific binding specification

  • Default value: "application/json"

  • Constraints:

    • OPTIONAL
    • If present, MUST adhere to the format specified in RFC 2046

Examples

JSON Data

Data with the default "application/json" content-type can be included directly in the customData field, as in the following example:

{
  "context": {
    (...)
  },
  "subject" : {
    (...)
  },
  "customData": {
    "mydata1": {
      "f1": "f1",
      "f2": "f2"
    },
    "mydata2": "myvalue1"
  }
}

Generic Data

Generic (non-JSON) data, must be base64 encoded:

{
  "context": {
    (...)
  },
  "subject" : {
    (...)
  },
  "customData": "PGRhdGE+VkdobElIWnZZMkZpZFd4aGNua2daR1ZtYVc1bGN5QXFaWFpsYm5RZ2RIbHdaWE1xTENCM2FHbGphQ0JoY21VZ2JXRmtaU0J2WmlBcWMzVmlhbVZqZEhNcUNnPT08L2RhdGE+Cg==",
  "customDataContentType": "application/xml"
}

Vocabulary

The vocabulary defines event types, which are made of subjects, and predicates. An example of subject is a build. The build can be started or finished, which are the predicates. The build is of type Object and has several attributes associated; the event type schema defines which ones are mandatory and which ones are optional. Subjects can represent the core context of an event, but may also be referenced to in other areas of the protocol.

The subjects are grouped, to help browsing the spec, in different stages, which are associated to different parts of a Continuous Delivery process where they are expected to be produced.

These subjects, with their associated predicates and attributes, are agnostic from any specific tool and are designed to fit a wide range of scenarios. The CDEvents project collaborates with the SIG Interoperability to identify a the common terminology to be used and how it maps to different terms in different platforms.

Vocabulary Stages

The vocabulary is organized in stages, each specified in a dedicated document in the spec:

  • Core: includes core events related to core activities and orchestration that needs to exist to be able to deterministically and continuously being able to delivery software to users.
  • Source Code Version Control: Events emitted by changes in source code or by the creation, modification or deletion of new repositories that hold source code.
  • Continuous Integration: includes events related to building, testings, packaging and releasing software artifacts, usually binaries.
  • Continuous Deployment: include events related with environments where the artifacts produced by the integration pipelines actually run. These are usually services running in a specific environment (dev, QA, production), or embedded software running in a specific hardware.

The grouping may serve in future as a reference for different CDEvents compliance profiles, which can be supported individually by implementing platforms.