What is mintty in here?

[fghhfg]

cmd/bash/powershell is a script language.

conEmu is a GUI window (terminal), which can show some text to me.

cmder runs on conEmu.

Mintty is also a GUI window (terminal).

mintty runs inside conEmu?

[daxgames]

You got it, mostly.

cmd/bash/powershell are shells that you can use to write scripts.

conEmu is a GUI terminal that can run multiple shells in tabs as well as other applications if desired.

ConEmu is a part of Cmder along with Git for Windows, Clink, Clink Completions, and a whole bunch of scripting tying them all together.

Mintty is the native graphical terminal of Git for windows that is integrated into Cmder along with bash.exe - see the Cmder readme.md for differences between Mintty and bash.exe.

[fghhfg]

OK, it just show differ color schemes and key bindings, mostly. 😮

Cmder, PowerShell, and Bash tabs all run on top of the Windows Console API

Mintty tabs use a program called 'mintty' as the terminal that is not based on the Windows Console API

Mintty differs from the other tabs in that it supports xterm/xterm-256color TERM types, and does not work with ConEmu settings like color schemes and key bindings. For more on Mintty and its config click here.

[zaphod77]

mintty is also why the xterm emulation actually works. :)

by default conemu's does not. (test with win32 ssh.exe and try pico text editor if you don't believe me. CMDer works fine. Conemu standalone does NOT.