Implement Binary Search

[harshraj8843]

Description

Write a program to implement binary search

Binary search is a fast search algorithm with run-time complexity of Ο(log n). This search algorithm works on the principle of divide and conquer. For this algorithm to work properly, the data collection should be in the sorted form.

Binary search looks for a particular item by comparing the middle most item of the collection. If a match occurs, then the index of item is returned. If the middle item is greater than the item, then the item is searched in the sub-array to the left of the middle item. Otherwise, the item is searched for in the sub-array to the right of the middle item. This process continues on the sub-array as well until the size of the subarray reduces to zero.

Pseudocode

procedure binary_search
   A ← sorted array
   n ← size of array
   x ← value to be searched

   Set lowerBound = 1
   Set upperBound = n

   while x not found
      if upperBound < lowerBound
         EXIT: x does not exists.
   
      set midPoint = lowerBound + ( upperBound - lowerBound ) / 2
      
      if A[midPoint] < x
         set lowerBound = midPoint + 1
         
      if A[midPoint] > x
         set upperBound = midPoint - 1 

      if A[midPoint] = x 
         EXIT: x found at location midPoint
   end while
   
end procedure

Example

list = [1,2,3,4,5]
value = 4

Output : 3

### Tracking Issues
- [ ] #5194
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- [ ] #5209
- [ ] #5210
- [ ] #5211
- [ ] #5212
- [ ] #5213

[codinasion-bot]

👋🏻 Hey @harshraj8843

💖 Thanks for opening this issue 💖

A team member should be by to give feedback soon.

[vherak]

!assign