Rollup merge of rust-lang#103567 - RalfJung:ptr-eq-dyn-trait, r=dtolnay

ptr::eq: clarify that comparing dyn Trait is fragile

Also remove the dyn trait example from `ptr::eq` since those tests are not actually guaranteed to pass due to how unstable vtable comparison is.

Cc `@rust-lang/libs-api`
Cc discussion following rust-lang#80505

library/alloc/src/rc.rs

@@ -1110,8 +1110,8 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> Rc<T> {
 
     #[inline]
     #[stable(feature = "ptr_eq", since = "1.17.0")]
-    /// Returns `true` if the two `Rc`s point to the same allocation
-    /// (in a vein similar to [`ptr::eq`]).
+    /// Returns `true` if the two `Rc`s point to the same allocation in a vein similar to
+    /// [`ptr::eq`]. See [that function][`ptr::eq`] for caveats when comparing `dyn Trait` pointers.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
@@ -2419,9 +2419,9 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> Weak<T> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns `true` if the two `Weak`s point to the same allocation (similar to
-    /// [`ptr::eq`]), or if both don't point to any allocation
-    /// (because they were created with `Weak::new()`).
+    /// Returns `true` if the two `Weak`s point to the same allocation similar to [`ptr::eq`], or if
+    /// both don't point to any allocation (because they were created with `Weak::new()`). See [that
+    /// function][`ptr::eq`] for caveats when comparing `dyn Trait` pointers.
     ///
     /// # Notes
     ///

library/alloc/src/sync.rs

@@ -1117,8 +1117,8 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> Arc<T> {
         drop(Weak { ptr: self.ptr });
     }
 
-    /// Returns `true` if the two `Arc`s point to the same allocation
-    /// (in a vein similar to [`ptr::eq`]).
+    /// Returns `true` if the two `Arc`s point to the same allocation in a vein similar to
+    /// [`ptr::eq`]. See [that function][`ptr::eq`] for caveats when comparing `dyn Trait` pointers.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
@@ -2069,9 +2069,9 @@ impl<T: ?Sized> Weak<T> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns `true` if the two `Weak`s point to the same allocation (similar to
-    /// [`ptr::eq`]), or if both don't point to any allocation
-    /// (because they were created with `Weak::new()`).
+    /// Returns `true` if the two `Weak`s point to the same allocation similar to [`ptr::eq`], or if
+    /// both don't point to any allocation (because they were created with `Weak::new()`). See [that
+    /// function][`ptr::eq`] for caveats when comparing `dyn Trait` pointers.
     ///
     /// # Notes
     ///

library/core/src/ptr/mod.rs

@@ -1733,6 +1733,12 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn align_offset<T: Sized>(p: *const T, a: usize) -> usize {
 /// by their address rather than comparing the values they point to
 /// (which is what the `PartialEq for &T` implementation does).
 ///
+/// When comparing wide pointers, both the address and the metadata are tested for equality.
+/// However, note that comparing trait object pointers (`*const dyn Trait`) is unrealiable: pointers
+/// to values of the same underlying type can compare inequal (because vtables are duplicated in
+/// multiple codegen units), and pointers to values of *different* underlying type can compare equal
+/// (since identical vtables can be deduplicated within a codegen unit).
+///
 /// # Examples
 ///
 /// ```
@@ -1759,41 +1765,6 @@ pub(crate) unsafe fn align_offset<T: Sized>(p: *const T, a: usize) -> usize {
 /// assert!(!std::ptr::eq(&a[..2], &a[..3]));
 /// assert!(!std::ptr::eq(&a[0..2], &a[1..3]));
 /// ```
-///
-/// Traits are also compared by their implementation:
-///
-/// ```
-/// #[repr(transparent)]
-/// struct Wrapper { member: i32 }
-///
-/// trait Trait {}
-/// impl Trait for Wrapper {}
-/// impl Trait for i32 {}
-///
-/// let wrapper = Wrapper { member: 10 };
-///
-/// // Pointers have equal addresses.
-/// assert!(std::ptr::eq(
-///     &wrapper as *const Wrapper as *const u8,
-///     &wrapper.member as *const i32 as *const u8
-/// ));
-///
-/// // Objects have equal addresses, but `Trait` has different implementations.
-/// assert!(!std::ptr::eq(
-///     &wrapper as &dyn Trait,
-///     &wrapper.member as &dyn Trait,
-/// ));
-/// assert!(!std::ptr::eq(
-///     &wrapper as &dyn Trait as *const dyn Trait,
-///     &wrapper.member as &dyn Trait as *const dyn Trait,
-/// ));
-///
-/// // Converting the reference to a `*const u8` compares by address.
-/// assert!(std::ptr::eq(
-///     &wrapper as &dyn Trait as *const dyn Trait as *const u8,
-///     &wrapper.member as &dyn Trait as *const dyn Trait as *const u8,
-/// ));
-/// ```
 #[stable(feature = "ptr_eq", since = "1.17.0")]
 #[inline]
 pub fn eq<T: ?Sized>(a: *const T, b: *const T) -> bool {