concept-aliases.md

Aliases

Aliases are used to represent file paths or URLs to avoid hard-coding absolute paths or URLs in your code. An alias must start with a @ character so that it can be differentiated from file paths and URLs. For example, the alias @yii represents the installation path of the Yii framework, while @web represents the base URL for the currently running Web application.

Defining Aliases

You can call [[Yii::setAlias()]] to define an alias for a given file path or URL. For example,

// an alias of file path
Yii::setAlias('@foo', '/path/to/foo');

// an alias of URL
Yii::setAlias('@bar', 'http://www.example.com');

Note: A file path or URL being aliased may NOT necessarily refer to an existing file or resource.

Given an alias, you may derive a new alias (without the need of calling [[Yii::setAlias()]]) by appending a slash / followed with one or several path segments. We call the aliases defined via [[Yii::setAlias()]] root aliases, while the aliases derived from them derived aliases. For example, @foo is a root alias, while @foo/bar/file.php is a derived alias.

You can define an alias using another alias (either root alias or derived alias is fine):

Yii::setAlias('@foobar', '@foo/bar');

Root aliases are usually defined during the bootstrapping stage. For example, you may call [[Yii::setAlias()]] in the entry script. For convenience, Application provides a writable property named aliases that you can configure in the application configuration, like the following,

return [
    // ...
    'aliases' => [
        '@foo' => '/path/to/foo',
        '@bar' => 'http://www.example.com',
    ],
];

Resolving Aliases

You can call [[Yii::getAlias()]] to resolve a root alias into the file path or URL it is representing. The same method can also resolve a derived alias into the corresponding file path or URL. For example,

echo Yii::getAlias('@foo');               // displays: /path/to/foo
echo Yii::getAlias('@bar');               // displays: http://www.example.com
echo Yii::getAlias('@foo/bar/file.php');  // displays: /path/to/foo/bar/file.php

The path/URL represented by a derived alias is determined by replacing the root alias part with its corresponding path/URL in the derived alias.

Note: The [[Yii::getAlias()]] method does not check whether the resulting path/URL refers to an existing file or resource.

A root alias may also contain slash / characters. The [[Yii::getAlias()]] method is intelligent enough to tell which part of an alias is a root alias and thus correctly determines the corresponding file path or URL. For example,

Yii::setAlias('@foo', '/path/to/foo');
Yii::setAlias('@foo/bar', '/path2/bar');
Yii::getAlias('@foo/test/file.php');  // displays: /path/to/foo/test/file.php
Yii::getAlias('@foo/bar/file.php');   // displays: /path2/bar/file.php

If @foo/bar is not defined as a root alias, the last statement would display /path/to/foo/bar/file.php.

Using Aliases

Aliases are recognized in many places in Yii without the need of calling [[Yii::getAlias()]] to convert them into paths/URLs. For example, [[yii\caching\FileCache::cachePath]] can accept both a file path and an alias representing a file path, thanks to the @ prefix which allows it to differentiate a file path from an alias.

use yii\caching\FileCache;

$cache = new FileCache([
    'cachePath' => '@runtime/cache',
]);

Please pay attention to the API documentation to see if a property or method parameter supports aliases.

Predefined Aliases

Yii predefines a set of aliases to ease the need of referencing commonly used file paths and URLs. The following is the list of the predefined aliases:

• @yii: the directory where the BaseYii.php file is located (also called the framework directory).
• @app: the [[yii\base\Application::basePath|base path]] of the currently running application.
• @runtime: the [[yii\base\Application::runtimePath|runtime path]] of the currently running application.
• @vendor: the Composer vendor directory.
• @webroot: the Web root directory of the currently running Web application.
• @web: the base URL of the currently running Web application.

The @yii alias is defined when you include the Yii.php file in your entry script, while the rest of the aliases are defined in the application constructor when applying the application configuration.

Extension Aliases

An alias is automatically defined for each extension that is installed via Composer. The alias is named after the root namespace of the extension as declared in its composer.json file, and it represents the root directory of the package. For example, if you install the yiisoft/yii2-jui extension, you will automatically have the alias @yii/jui defined during the bootstrapping stage:

Yii::setAlias('@yii/jui', 'VendorPath/yiisoft/yii2-jui');