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Python

Key differences between python 2.7 and python 3

Converting...

From To Python 3
h=0x12d687 (hex) 1234567 (integer) h (they are the same)
i = 1234567 (integer) '0x12d687' (string) hex(i)
i = 1234567 (integer) '12d687' (string without 0x) '%x' % i
i=0x1234 (integer) b'\x12\x34 (bytes) i.to_bytes(2, byteorder='big')
hexstring='deadbeef' 3735928559 (integer) int(hexstring, 16)
hexstring='deadbeef' b'\xde\xad\xbe\xef' (bytes) bytes.fromhex(hexstring)
hexstring='de ad be ef' b'\xde\xad\xbe\xef' bytes.fromhex(hexstring)
hexstring='deadbeef' bytearray(b'\xde\xad\xbe\xef') (bytearray) bytearray.fromhex(hexstring)
hexstring='deadbeef' ['11010010', '... ] (bit array) [ "{:08b}".format(i) for i in list(bytes.fromhex(hexstring)) ]
b=b'\xde\xad\xbe\xef' (bytes) 'deadbeef' (string) b.hex()
b=bytearray(b'\xde\xad\xbe\xef') (bytearray) 'deadbeef' (string) b.hex()
b=bytearray(b'\xde\xad\xbe\xef') (bytearray) [222, 173, 190, 239] (list) list(b)
l=[222, 173, 190, 239] (list) b'\xde\xad\xbe\xef' (bytes) bytes(l)
n=97 (ascii value) 'a' (character) chr(n)
c='a' (character) 97 (ascii value) ord(c)
s='cryptax' (string) b'cryptax' (bytes) bytes(s, 'utf-8')
b=b'cryptax' (bytes) 'cryptax' (string) b.decode('utf-8')
b=b'cryptax' (byte string) b'63727970746178' (hexstring bytes) binascii.hexlify(b'cryptax')
b'63727970746178' (hexstring bytes) b=b'cryptax' (byte string)

Time

import time
time.gmtime(123456)

From epoch to localtime:

time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(1428316200))

From local time to epoch:

print time.mktime(time.strptime("10.08.2015 00:00:00", "%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S"))

XOR

from itertools import izip, cycle
import string

def xor(message, key):
   return ''.join(chr(ord(x) ^ ord(y)) for (x,y) in izip(message, cycle(key)))

key = 'THEKEY'
xor(buffer, key)

Base64

To do base64 with a different alphabet:

import string
crypt_alphabet="./0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
std_alphabet="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
s = s.translate(string.maketrans(crypt_alphabet, std_alphabet)
base64.b64decode(new_s)

Interactive shell

ipython: %page l

Filter

l = d.get_strings()
filter(lambda x:'http' in x, l)

Kwargs

kwargs = {
  '{0}'.format(field): value
}
queryset = queryset.filter(**kwargs)

Markdown

This is an easy way to convert markdown syntax to HTML using Python:

sudo pip install markdown
python -m markdown blah.md > blah.html

Add system logs

syslog.syslog.openlog(logoption=syslog.LOG_PID, facility=syslog.LOG_USER)
syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_WARNING, "keyboard interrupt")

Virtual env

https://www.pythoncentral.io/how-to-install-virtualenv-python/

Installing virtualenv:

  1. easy_install pip
  2. pip install virtualenv

Creating a virtual env: virtualenv name. By default, uses --no-site-packages options (otherwise: --use-site-packages). To specify a particular Python interpreter, use option -p /usr/bin/pythonX.

Activate: source bin/activate Deactivate: deactivate

To use ipython of the virtual env: alias ipy="python -c 'import IPython; IPython.terminal.ipapp.launch_new_instance()'"

With python3, python3 -m venv

Setup.py

Sample setup.py:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

from setuptools import setup

with open("README.md", "r") as fh:
    long_description = fh.read()

setup(
    name = 'droidlysis',
    description='Short description'
    long_description=long_description,
    long_description_content_type="text/markdown",
    author='your name',
    author_email='your email',
    url='a URL',
    license='MIT',
    keywords="android malware reverse",
    python_requires='>=3.0.*',
    version = '3.0.13',
    classifiers=[
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
        "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
        "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
        "Operating System :: Unix",
    ],
    install_requires=[ 'configparser', 'python-magic', 'SQLAlchemy', 'rarfile' ],
    scripts = [ 'yourpythonscripts.py' ]
)

To add data files, add include_package_data=True and a MANIFEST.in file:

include conf/*.conf
  • Create source package: python3 setup.py sdist
  • Create source and binary package: python3 setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
  • Upload package to test pypi: twine upload --repository-url https://test.pypi.org/legacy/ dist/package-x.y.z.tar.gz
  • Test install using test pypi: pip3 install --no-cache-dir --extra-index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ package
  • Uploading package to pypi: twine upload dist/*

Pip

  • Show files in a package: pip3 show --files package

Pyenv

curl https://pyenv.run | bash
sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm libncurses5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libxml2-dev libxmlsec1-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev
  • Install a new Python: pyenv install 3.8
  • Listing current version pyenv versions
  • Create a virtual environment: pyenv virtualenv 3.10 mkdocs-venv
  • Activate a virtual environment: pyenv activate name and pyenv deactivate to deactivate
  • List virtual environments: pyenv virtualenvs
  • Switch to a new environment: pyenv global 3.8