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IEEEtran.cls
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%%
%% IEEEtran.cls 2015/08/26 version V1.8b
%%
%% This is the IEEEtran LaTeX class for authors of the Institute of
%% Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Transactions journals and
%% conferences.
%%
%% Support sites:
%% http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/
%% http://www.ctan.org/pkg/ieeetran
%% and
%% http://www.ieee.org/
%%
%% Based on the original 1993 IEEEtran.cls, but with many bug fixes
%% and enhancements (from both JVH and MDS) over the 1996/7 version.
%%
%%
%% Contributors:
%% Gerry Murray (1993), Silvano Balemi (1993),
%% Jon Dixon (1996), Peter N"uchter (1996),
%% Juergen von Hagen (2000), and Michael Shell (2001-2014)
%%
%%
%% Copyright (c) 1993-2000 by Gerry Murray, Silvano Balemi,
%% Jon Dixon, Peter N"uchter,
%% Juergen von Hagen
%% and
%% Copyright (c) 2001-2015 by Michael Shell
%%
%% Current maintainer (V1.3 to V1.8b): Michael Shell
%% See:
%% http://www.michaelshell.org/
%% for current contact information.
%%
%% Special thanks to Peter Wilson (CUA) and Donald Arseneau
%% for allowing the inclusion of the \@ifmtarg command
%% from their ifmtarg LaTeX package.
%%
%%*************************************************************************
%% Legal Notice:
%% This code is offered as-is without any warranty either expressed or
%% implied; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
%% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE!
%% User assumes all risk.
%% In no event shall the IEEE or any contributor to this code be liable for
%% any damages or losses, including, but not limited to, incidental,
%% consequential, or any other damages, resulting from the use or misuse
%% of any information contained here.
%%
%% All comments are the opinions of their respective authors and are not
%% necessarily endorsed by the IEEE.
%%
%% This work is distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL)
%% ( http://www.latex-project.org/ ) version 1.3, and may be freely used,
%% distributed and modified. A copy of the LPPL, version 1.3, is included
%% in the base LaTeX documentation of all distributions of LaTeX released
%% 2003/12/01 or later.
%% Retain all contribution notices and credits.
%% ** Modified files should be clearly indicated as such, including **
%% ** renaming them and changing author support contact information. **
%%
%% File list of work: IEEEtran.cls, IEEEtran_HOWTO.pdf, bare_adv.tex,
%% bare_conf.tex, bare_jrnl.tex, bare_conf_compsoc.tex,
%% bare_jrnl_compsoc.tex
%%
%% Major changes to the user interface should be indicated by an
%% increase in the version numbers. If a version is a beta, it will
%% be indicated with a BETA suffix, i.e., 1.4 BETA.
%% Small changes can be indicated by appending letters to the version
%% such as "IEEEtran_v14a.cls".
%% In all cases, \Providesclass, any \typeout messages to the user,
%% \IEEEtransversionmajor and \IEEEtransversionminor must reflect the
%% correct version information.
%% The changes should also be documented via source comments.
%%*************************************************************************
%%
%
% Available class options
% e.g., \documentclass[10pt,conference]{IEEEtran}
%
% *** choose only one from each category ***
%
% 9pt, 10pt, 11pt, 12pt
% Sets normal font size. The default is 10pt.
%
% conference, journal, technote, peerreview, peerreviewca
% determines format mode - conference papers, journal papers,
% correspondence papers (technotes), or peer review papers. The user
% should also select 9pt when using technote. peerreview is like
% journal mode, but provides for a single-column "cover" title page for
% anonymous peer review. The paper title (without the author names) is
% repeated at the top of the page after the cover page. For peer review
% papers, the \IEEEpeerreviewmaketitle command must be executed (will
% automatically be ignored for non-peerreview modes) at the place the
% cover page is to end, usually just after the abstract (keywords are
% not normally used with peer review papers). peerreviewca is like
% peerreview, but allows the author names to be entered and formatted
% as with conference mode so that author affiliation and contact
% information can be easily seen on the cover page.
% The default is journal.
%
% draft, draftcls, draftclsnofoot, final
% determines if paper is formatted as a widely spaced draft (for
% handwritten editor comments) or as a properly typeset final version.
% draftcls restricts draft mode to the class file while all other LaTeX
% packages (i.e., \usepackage{graphicx}) will behave as final - allows
% for a draft paper with visible figures, etc. draftclsnofoot is like
% draftcls, but does not display the date and the word "DRAFT" at the foot
% of the pages. If using one of the draft modes, the user will probably
% also want to select onecolumn.
% The default is final.
%
% letterpaper, a4paper, cspaper
% determines paper size: 8.5in X 11in, 210mm X 297mm or 7.875in X 10.75in.
% Changing the paper size in the standard journal and conference modes
% will not alter the typesetting of the document - only the margins will
% be affected. In particular, documents using the a4paper option will
% have reduced side margins (A4 is narrower than US letter) and a longer
% bottom margin (A4 is longer than US letter). For both cases, the top
% margins will be the same and the text will be horizontally centered.
% For the compsoc conference and draft modes, it is the margins that will
% remain constant, and thus the text area size will vary, with changes in
% the paper size.
% The cspaper option is the special ``trim'' paper size (7.875in x 10.75in)
% used in the actual publication of Computer Society journals. Under
% compsoc journal mode, this option does not alter the typesetting of the
% document. Authors should invoke the cspaper option only if requested to
% do so by the editors of the specific journal they are submitting to.
% For final submission to the IEEE, authors should generally use US letter
% (8.5 X 11in) paper unless otherwise instructed. Note that authors should
% ensure that all post-processing (ps, pdf, etc.) uses the same paper
% specificiation as the .tex document. Problems here are by far the number
% one reason for incorrect margins. IEEEtran will automatically set the
% default paper size under pdflatex (without requiring any change to
% pdftex.cfg), so this issue is more important to dvips users. Fix
% config.ps, config.pdf, or ~/.dvipsrc for dvips, or use the
% dvips -t papersize option instead as needed. For the cspaper option,
% the corresponding dvips paper name is "ieeecs".
% See the testflow documentation
% http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/testflow
% for more details on dvips paper size configuration.
% The default is letterpaper.
%
% oneside, twoside
% determines if layout follows single sided or two sided (duplex)
% printing. The only notable change is with the headings at the top of
% the pages.
% The default is oneside.
%
% onecolumn, twocolumn
% determines if text is organized into one or two columns per page. One
% column mode is usually used only with draft papers.
% The default is twocolumn.
%
% comsoc, compsoc, transmag
% Use the format of the IEEE Communications Society, IEEE Computer Society
% or IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, respectively.
%
% romanappendices
% Use the "Appendix I" convention when numbering appendices. IEEEtran.cls
% now defaults to Alpha "Appendix A" convention - the opposite of what
% v1.6b and earlier did.
%
% captionsoff
% disables the display of the figure/table captions. Some IEEE journals
% request that captions be removed and figures/tables be put on pages
% of their own at the end of an initial paper submission. The endfloat
% package can be used with this class option to achieve this format.
%
% nofonttune
% turns off tuning of the font interword spacing. Maybe useful to those
% not using the standard Times fonts or for those who have already "tuned"
% their fonts.
% The default is to enable IEEEtran to tune font parameters.
%
%
%----------
% Available CLASSINPUTs provided (all are macros unless otherwise noted):
% \CLASSINPUTbaselinestretch
% \CLASSINPUTinnersidemargin
% \CLASSINPUToutersidemargin
% \CLASSINPUTtoptextmargin
% \CLASSINPUTbottomtextmargin
%
% Available CLASSINFOs provided:
% \ifCLASSINFOpdf (TeX if conditional)
% \CLASSINFOpaperwidth (macro)
% \CLASSINFOpaperheight (macro)
% \CLASSINFOnormalsizebaselineskip (length)
% \CLASSINFOnormalsizeunitybaselineskip (length)
%
% Available CLASSOPTIONs provided:
% all class option flags (TeX if conditionals) unless otherwise noted,
% e.g., \ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff
% point size options provided as a single macro:
% \CLASSOPTIONpt
% which will be defined as 9, 10, 11, or 12 depending on the document's
% normalsize point size.
% also, class option peerreviewca implies the use of class option peerreview
% and classoption draft implies the use of class option draftcls
\ProvidesClass{IEEEtran}[2015/08/26 V1.8b by Michael Shell]
\typeout{-- See the "IEEEtran_HOWTO" manual for usage information.}
\typeout{-- http://www.michaelshell.org/tex/ieeetran/}
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
% IEEEtran.cls version numbers, provided as of V1.3
% These values serve as a way a .tex file can
% determine if the new features are provided.
% The version number of this IEEEtrans.cls can be obtained from
% these values. i.e., V1.4
% KEEP THESE AS INTEGERS! i.e., NO {4a} or anything like that-
% (no need to enumerate "a" minor changes here)
\def\IEEEtransversionmajor{1}
\def\IEEEtransversionminor{8}
% hook to allow easy changeover to IEEEtran.cls/tools.sty error reporting
\def\@IEEEclspkgerror{\ClassError{IEEEtran}}
% These do nothing, but provide them like in article.cls
\newif\if@restonecol
\newif\if@titlepage
% class option conditionals
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONonecolumn \CLASSOPTIONonecolumnfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONtwocolumn \CLASSOPTIONtwocolumntrue
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONoneside \CLASSOPTIONonesidetrue
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONtwoside \CLASSOPTIONtwosidefalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONfinal \CLASSOPTIONfinaltrue
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONdraft \CLASSOPTIONdraftfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONdraftcls \CLASSOPTIONdraftclsfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONdraftclsnofoot \CLASSOPTIONdraftclsnofootfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONpeerreview \CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONpeerreviewca \CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewcafalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONjournal \CLASSOPTIONjournaltrue
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONconference \CLASSOPTIONconferencefalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONtechnote \CLASSOPTIONtechnotefalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONnofonttune \CLASSOPTIONnofonttunefalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONcaptionsoff \CLASSOPTIONcaptionsofffalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONcomsoc \CLASSOPTIONcomsocfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc \CLASSOPTIONcompsocfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONtransmag \CLASSOPTIONtransmagfalse
\newif\ifCLASSOPTIONromanappendices \CLASSOPTIONromanappendicesfalse
% class info conditionals
% indicates if pdf (via pdflatex) output
\newif\ifCLASSINFOpdf \CLASSINFOpdffalse
% V1.6b internal flag to show if using a4paper
\newif\if@IEEEusingAfourpaper \@IEEEusingAfourpaperfalse
% V1.6b internal flag to show if using cspaper
\newif\if@IEEEusingcspaper \@IEEEusingcspaperfalse
% IEEEtran class scratch pad registers
% dimen
\newdimen\@IEEEtrantmpdimenA
\newdimen\@IEEEtrantmpdimenB
\newdimen\@IEEEtrantmpdimenC
% count
\newcount\@IEEEtrantmpcountA
\newcount\@IEEEtrantmpcountB
\newcount\@IEEEtrantmpcountC
% token list
\newtoks\@IEEEtrantmptoksA
% we use \CLASSOPTIONpt so that we can ID the point size (even for 9pt docs)
% as well as LaTeX's \@ptsize to retain some compatability with some
% external packages
\def\@ptsize{0}
% LaTeX does not support 9pt, so we set \@ptsize to 0 - same as that of 10pt
\DeclareOption{9pt}{\def\CLASSOPTIONpt{9}\def\@ptsize{0}}
\DeclareOption{10pt}{\def\CLASSOPTIONpt{10}\def\@ptsize{0}}
\DeclareOption{11pt}{\def\CLASSOPTIONpt{11}\def\@ptsize{1}}
\DeclareOption{12pt}{\def\CLASSOPTIONpt{12}\def\@ptsize{2}}
\DeclareOption{letterpaper}{\setlength{\paperwidth}{8.5in}%
\setlength{\paperheight}{11in}%
\@IEEEusingAfourpaperfalse
\@IEEEusingcspaperfalse
\def\CLASSOPTIONpaper{letter}%
\def\CLASSINFOpaperwidth{8.5in}%
\def\CLASSINFOpaperheight{11in}}
\DeclareOption{a4paper}{\setlength{\paperwidth}{210mm}%
\setlength{\paperheight}{297mm}%
\@IEEEusingAfourpapertrue
\@IEEEusingcspaperfalse
\def\CLASSOPTIONpaper{a4}%
\def\CLASSINFOpaperwidth{210mm}%
\def\CLASSINFOpaperheight{297mm}}
% special paper option for compsoc journals
\DeclareOption{cspaper}{\setlength{\paperwidth}{7.875in}%
\setlength{\paperheight}{10.75in}%
\@IEEEusingcspapertrue
\@IEEEusingAfourpaperfalse
\def\CLASSOPTIONpaper{ieeecs}%
\def\CLASSINFOpaperwidth{7.875in}%
\def\CLASSINFOpaperheight{10.75in}}
\DeclareOption{oneside}{\@twosidefalse\@mparswitchfalse
\CLASSOPTIONonesidetrue\CLASSOPTIONtwosidefalse}
\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue\@mparswitchtrue
\CLASSOPTIONtwosidetrue\CLASSOPTIONonesidefalse}
\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\CLASSOPTIONonecolumntrue\CLASSOPTIONtwocolumnfalse}
\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\CLASSOPTIONtwocolumntrue\CLASSOPTIONonecolumnfalse}
% If the user selects draft, then this class AND any packages
% will go into draft mode.
\DeclareOption{draft}{\CLASSOPTIONdrafttrue\CLASSOPTIONdraftclstrue
\CLASSOPTIONdraftclsnofootfalse}
% draftcls is for a draft mode which will not affect any packages
% used by the document.
\DeclareOption{draftcls}{\CLASSOPTIONdraftfalse\CLASSOPTIONdraftclstrue
\CLASSOPTIONdraftclsnofootfalse}
% draftclsnofoot is like draftcls, but without the footer.
\DeclareOption{draftclsnofoot}{\CLASSOPTIONdraftfalse\CLASSOPTIONdraftclstrue
\CLASSOPTIONdraftclsnofoottrue}
\DeclareOption{final}{\CLASSOPTIONdraftfalse\CLASSOPTIONdraftclsfalse
\CLASSOPTIONdraftclsnofootfalse}
\DeclareOption{journal}{\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewfalse\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewcafalse
\CLASSOPTIONjournaltrue\CLASSOPTIONconferencefalse\CLASSOPTIONtechnotefalse}
\DeclareOption{conference}{\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewfalse\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewcafalse
\CLASSOPTIONjournalfalse\CLASSOPTIONconferencetrue\CLASSOPTIONtechnotefalse}
\DeclareOption{technote}{\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewfalse\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewcafalse
\CLASSOPTIONjournalfalse\CLASSOPTIONconferencefalse\CLASSOPTIONtechnotetrue}
\DeclareOption{peerreview}{\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewtrue\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewcafalse
\CLASSOPTIONjournalfalse\CLASSOPTIONconferencefalse\CLASSOPTIONtechnotefalse}
\DeclareOption{peerreviewca}{\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewtrue\CLASSOPTIONpeerreviewcatrue
\CLASSOPTIONjournalfalse\CLASSOPTIONconferencefalse\CLASSOPTIONtechnotefalse}
\DeclareOption{nofonttune}{\CLASSOPTIONnofonttunetrue}
\DeclareOption{captionsoff}{\CLASSOPTIONcaptionsofftrue}
\DeclareOption{comsoc}{\CLASSOPTIONcomsoctrue\CLASSOPTIONcompsocfalse\CLASSOPTIONtransmagfalse}
\DeclareOption{compsoc}{\CLASSOPTIONcomsocfalse\CLASSOPTIONcompsoctrue\CLASSOPTIONtransmagfalse}
\DeclareOption{transmag}{\CLASSOPTIONtransmagtrue\CLASSOPTIONcomsocfalse\CLASSOPTIONcompsocfalse}
\DeclareOption{romanappendices}{\CLASSOPTIONromanappendicestrue}
% default to US letter paper, 10pt, twocolumn, one sided, final, journal
\ExecuteOptions{letterpaper,10pt,twocolumn,oneside,final,journal}
% overrride these defaults per user requests
\ProcessOptions
%% -- Command Argument Scanning Support Functions --
% Sets the category codes for punctuation to their normal values.
% For local use with argument scanning.
\def\IEEEnormalcatcodespunct{\catcode`\!=12 \catcode`\,=12 \catcode`\:=12
\catcode`\;=12 \catcode`\`=12 \catcode`\'=12 \catcode`\"=12 \catcode`\.=12
\catcode`\/=12 \catcode`\?=12 \catcode`\*=12 \catcode`\+=12 \catcode`\-=12
\catcode`\<=12 \catcode`\>=12 \catcode`\(=12 \catcode`\)=12 \catcode`\[=12
\catcode`\]=12 \catcode`\==12 \catcode`\|=12}
% Sets the category codes for numbers to their normal values.
% For local use with argument scanning.
\def\IEEEnormalcatcodesnum{\catcode`\0=12 \catcode`\1=12 \catcode`\2=12
\catcode`\3=12 \catcode`\4=12 \catcode`\5=12 \catcode`\6=12 \catcode`\7=12
\catcode`\8=12 \catcode`\9=12}
% combined action of \IEEEnormalcatcodespunct and \IEEEnormalcatcodesnum
\def\IEEEnormalcatcodes{\IEEEnormalcatcodespunct\IEEEnormalcatcodesnum}
% usage: \@IEEEextracttoken*{}
% \@IEEEextracttoken fully expands its argument (which it then stores in
% \@IEEEextracttokenarg) via \edef and then the meaning of the first
% nonbrace (but including the empty group) token found is assigned via \let
% to \@IEEEextractedtoken as well as stored in the macro
% \@IEEEextractedtokenmacro. Tokens that would otherwise be discarded during
% the acquisition of the first are stored in \@IEEEextractedtokensdiscarded,
% however their original relative brace nesting depths are not guaranteed to
% be preserved.
% If the argument is empty, or if a first nonbrace token does not exist (or
% is an empty group), \@IEEEextractedtoken will be \relax and
% \@IEEEextractedtokenmacro and \@IEEEextractedtokensdiscarded will be empty.
%
% For example:
% \@IEEEextracttoken{{{ab}{cd}}{{ef}g}}
% results in:
%
% \@IEEEextracttokenarg ==> a macro containing {{ab}{cd}}{{ef}g}
% \@IEEEextractedtoken ==> the letter a
% \@IEEEextractedtokenmacro ==> a macro containing a
% \@IEEEextractedtokensdiscarded ==> a macro containing bcd{ef}g
%
% the *-star form, \@IEEEextracttoken*, does not expand its argument
% contents during processing.
\def\@IEEEextracttoken{\@ifstar{\let\@IEEEextracttokendef=\def\@@IEEEextracttoken}{\let\@IEEEextracttokendef=\edef\@@IEEEextracttoken}}
\def\@@IEEEextracttoken#1{\@IEEEextracttokendef\@IEEEextracttokenarg{#1}\relax
\def\@IEEEextractedtokensdiscarded{}\relax % initialize to empty
% if the macro is unchanged after being acquired as a single undelimited argument
% with anything after it being stripped off as a delimited argument
% we know we have one token without any enclosing braces. loop until this is true.
\let\@IEEEextracttokencurgroup\@IEEEextracttokenarg
\loop
% trap case of an empty argument as this would cause a problem with
% \@@@IEEEextracttoken's first (nondelimited) argument acquisition
\ifx\@IEEEextracttokencurgroup\@empty
\def\@IEEEextractedtokenmacro{}\relax
\else
\expandafter\@@@IEEEextracttoken\@IEEEextracttokencurgroup\@IEEEgeneralsequenceDELIMITER\relax
\fi
\ifx\@IEEEextractedtokenmacro\@IEEEextracttokencurgroup
\else
\let\@IEEEextracttokencurgroup=\@IEEEextractedtokenmacro
\repeat
% we can safely do a \let= here because there should be at most one token
% the relax is needed to handle the case of no token found
\expandafter\let\expandafter\@IEEEextractedtoken\@IEEEextractedtokenmacro\relax}
\def\@@@IEEEextracttoken#1#2\@IEEEgeneralsequenceDELIMITER{\def\@IEEEextractedtokenmacro{#1}\relax
\def\@@IEEEextractedtokensdiscarded{#2}\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\def\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
\@IEEEextractedtokensdiscarded\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
{\expandafter\@@IEEEextractedtokensdiscarded\@IEEEextractedtokensdiscarded}}
%%
%% -- End of Command Argument Scanning Support Functions --
% Computer Society conditional execution command
\long\def\@IEEEcompsoconly#1{\relax\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc\relax#1\relax\fi\relax}
% inverse
\long\def\@IEEEnotcompsoconly#1{\relax\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc\else\relax#1\relax\fi\relax}
% compsoc conference
\long\def\@IEEEcompsocconfonly#1{\relax\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc\ifCLASSOPTIONconference\relax#1\relax\fi\fi\relax}
% compsoc not conference
\long\def\@IEEEcompsocnotconfonly#1{\relax\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc\ifCLASSOPTIONconference\else\relax#1\relax\fi\fi\relax}
% comsoc verify that newtxmath, mtpro2, mt11p or mathtime has been loaded
\def\@IEEEcomsocverifymathfont{\typeout{-- Verifying Times compatible math font.}\relax
\@ifpackageloaded{newtxmath}{\typeout{-- newtxmath loaded, OK.}}{\@@IEEEcomsocverifymathfont}}
\def\@@IEEEcomsocverifymathfont{\@ifpackageloaded{mtpro2}{\typeout{-- mtpro2 loaded, OK.}}{\@@@IEEEcomsocverifymathfont}}
\def\@@@IEEEcomsocverifymathfont{\@ifpackageloaded{mt11p}{\typeout{-- mt11p2 loaded, OK.}}{\@@@@IEEEcomsocverifymathfont}}
\def\@@@@IEEEcomsocverifymathfont{\@ifpackageloaded{mathtime}{\typeout{-- mathtime loaded, OK.}}{\@IEEEcomsocenforcemathfont}}
% comsoc, if a Times math font was not loaded by user, enforce it
\def\@IEEEcomsocenforcemathfont{\typeout{** Times compatible math font not found, forcing.}\relax
\IfFileExists{newtxmath.sty}{\typeout{-- Found newtxmath, loading.}\RequirePackage{newtxmath}}{\@@IEEEcomsocenforcemathfont}}
\def\@@IEEEcomsocenforcemathfont{\IfFileExists{mtpro2.sty}{\typeout{-- Found mtpro2, loading.}\RequirePackage{mtpro2}}{\@@@IEEEcomsocenforcemathfont}}
\def\@@@IEEEcomsocenforcemathfont{\IfFileExists{mt11p.sty}{\typeout{-- Found mt11p, loading.}\RequirePackage{mt11p}}{\@@@@IEEEcomsocenforcemathfont}}
\def\@@@@IEEEcomsocenforcemathfont{\IfFileExists{mathtime.sty}{\typeout{-- Found mathtime, loading.}\RequirePackage{mathtime}}{\@@@@@IEEEcomsocenforcemathfont}}
% if no acceptable Times math font package found, error with newtxmath requirement
\def\@@@@@IEEEcomsocenforcemathfont{\typeout{** No Times compatible math font package found. newtxmath is required.}\RequirePackage{newtxmath}}
\ifCLASSOPTIONcomsoc
% ensure that if newtxmath is used, the cmintegrals option is also invoked
\PassOptionsToPackage{cmintegrals}{newtxmath}
% comsoc requires a Times like math font
% ensure this requirement is satisfied at document start
\AtBeginDocument{\@IEEEcomsocverifymathfont}
\fi
% The IEEE uses Times Roman font, so we'll default to Times.
% These three commands make up the entire times.sty package.
\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{phv}
\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ptm}
\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{pcr}
% V1.7 compsoc nonconference papers, use Palatino/Palladio as the main text font,
% not Times Roman.
\@IEEEcompsocnotconfonly{\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ppl}}
% enable the selected main text font
\normalfont\selectfont
\ifCLASSOPTIONcomsoc
\typeout{-- Using IEEE Communications Society mode.}
\fi
\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc
\typeout{-- Using IEEE Computer Society mode.}
\fi
% V1.7 conference notice message hook
\def\@IEEEconsolenoticeconference{\typeout{}%
\typeout{** Conference Paper **}%
\typeout{Before submitting the final camera ready copy, remember to:}%
\typeout{}%
\typeout{ 1. Manually equalize the lengths of two columns on the last page}%
\typeout{ of your paper;}%
\typeout{}%
\typeout{ 2. Ensure that any PostScript and/or PDF output post-processing}%
\typeout{ uses only Type 1 fonts and that every step in the generation}%
\typeout{ process uses the appropriate paper size.}%
\typeout{}}
% we can send console reminder messages to the user here
\AtEndDocument{\ifCLASSOPTIONconference\@IEEEconsolenoticeconference\fi}
% warn about the use of single column other than for draft mode
\ifCLASSOPTIONtwocolumn\else%
\ifCLASSOPTIONdraftcls\else%
\typeout{** ATTENTION: Single column mode is not typically used with IEEE publications.}%
\fi%
\fi
% V1.7 improved paper size setting code.
% Set pdfpage and dvips paper sizes. Conditional tests are similar to that
% of ifpdf.sty. Retain within {} to ensure tested macros are never altered,
% even if only effect is to set them to \relax.
% if \pdfoutput is undefined or equal to relax, output a dvips special
{\@ifundefined{pdfoutput}{\AtBeginDvi{\special{papersize=\CLASSINFOpaperwidth,\CLASSINFOpaperheight}}}{%
% pdfoutput is defined and not equal to \relax
% check for pdfpageheight existence just in case someone sets pdfoutput
% under non-pdflatex. If exists, set them regardless of value of \pdfoutput.
\@ifundefined{pdfpageheight}{\relax}{\global\pdfpagewidth\paperwidth
\global\pdfpageheight\paperheight}%
% if using \pdfoutput=0 under pdflatex, send dvips papersize special
\ifcase\pdfoutput
\AtBeginDvi{\special{papersize=\CLASSINFOpaperwidth,\CLASSINFOpaperheight}}%
\else
% we are using pdf output, set CLASSINFOpdf flag
\global\CLASSINFOpdftrue
\fi}}
% let the user know the selected papersize
\typeout{-- Using \CLASSINFOpaperwidth\space x \CLASSINFOpaperheight\space
(\CLASSOPTIONpaper)\space paper.}
\ifCLASSINFOpdf
\typeout{-- Using PDF output.}
\else
\typeout{-- Using DVI output.}
\fi
% The idea hinted here is for LaTeX to generate markleft{} and markright{}
% automatically for you after you enter \author{}, \journal{},
% \journaldate{}, journalvol{}, \journalnum{}, etc.
% However, there may be some backward compatibility issues here as
% well as some special applications for IEEEtran.cls and special issues
% that may require the flexible \markleft{}, \markright{} and/or \markboth{}.
% We'll leave this as an open future suggestion.
%\newcommand{\journal}[1]{\def\@journal{#1}}
%\def\@journal{}
% pointsize values
% used with ifx to determine the document's normal size
\def\@IEEEptsizenine{9}
\def\@IEEEptsizeten{10}
\def\@IEEEptsizeeleven{11}
\def\@IEEEptsizetwelve{12}
% FONT DEFINITIONS (No sizexx.clo file needed)
% V1.6 revised font sizes, displayskip values and
% revised normalsize baselineskip to reduce underfull vbox problems
% on the 58pc = 696pt = 9.5in text height we want
% normalsize #lines/column baselineskip (aka leading)
% 9pt 63 11.0476pt (truncated down)
% 10pt 58 12pt (exact)
% 11pt 52 13.3846pt (truncated down)
% 12pt 50 13.92pt (exact)
%
% we need to store the nominal baselineskip for the given font size
% in case baselinestretch ever changes.
% this is a dimen, so it will not hold stretch or shrink
\newdimen\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip
\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\baselineskip
%% ******* WARNING! *******
%%
%% Authors should not alter font sizes, baselineskip ("leading"),
%% margins or other spacing values in an attempt to squeeze more
%% material on each page.
%%
%% The IEEE's own typesetting software will restore the correct
%% values when re-typesetting/proofing the submitted document,
%% possibly resulting in unexpected article over length charges.
%%
%% ******* WARNING! *******
% 9pt option defaults
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizenine
\typeout{-- This is a 9 point document.}
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{9}{11.0476pt}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{11.0476pt}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 3pt minus 1pt
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus 3pt
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 3pt minus 1pt
\def\small{\@setfontsize{\small}{8.5}{10pt}}
\def\footnotesize{\@setfontsize{\footnotesize}{8}{9pt}}
\def\scriptsize{\@setfontsize{\scriptsize}{7}{8pt}}
\def\tiny{\@setfontsize{\tiny}{5}{6pt}}
% sublargesize is the same as large - 10pt
\def\sublargesize{\@setfontsize{\sublargesize}{10}{12pt}}
\def\large{\@setfontsize{\large}{10}{12pt}}
\def\Large{\@setfontsize{\Large}{12}{14pt}}
\def\LARGE{\@setfontsize{\LARGE}{14}{17pt}}
\def\huge{\@setfontsize{\huge}{17}{20pt}}
\def\Huge{\@setfontsize{\Huge}{20}{24pt}}
\fi
%
% 10pt option defaults
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeten
\typeout{-- This is a 10 point document.}
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{10}{12.00pt}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{12pt}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 4pt minus 2pt
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus 4pt
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 4pt minus 2pt
\def\small{\@setfontsize{\small}{9}{10pt}}
\def\footnotesize{\@setfontsize{\footnotesize}{8}{9pt}}
\def\scriptsize{\@setfontsize{\scriptsize}{7}{8pt}}
\def\tiny{\@setfontsize{\tiny}{5}{6pt}}
% sublargesize is a tad smaller than large - 11pt
\def\sublargesize{\@setfontsize{\sublargesize}{11}{13.4pt}}
\def\large{\@setfontsize{\large}{12}{14pt}}
\def\Large{\@setfontsize{\Large}{14}{17pt}}
\def\LARGE{\@setfontsize{\LARGE}{17}{20pt}}
\def\huge{\@setfontsize{\huge}{20}{24pt}}
\def\Huge{\@setfontsize{\Huge}{24}{28pt}}
\fi
%
% 11pt option defaults
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeeleven
\typeout{-- This is an 11 point document.}
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{11}{13.3846pt}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{13.3846pt}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 5pt minus 3pt
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus 5pt
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 5pt minus 3pt
\def\small{\@setfontsize{\small}{10}{12pt}}
\def\footnotesize{\@setfontsize{\footnotesize}{9}{10.5pt}}
\def\scriptsize{\@setfontsize{\scriptsize}{8}{9pt}}
\def\tiny{\@setfontsize{\tiny}{6}{7pt}}
% sublargesize is the same as large - 12pt
\def\sublargesize{\@setfontsize{\sublargesize}{12}{14pt}}
\def\large{\@setfontsize{\large}{12}{14pt}}
\def\Large{\@setfontsize{\Large}{14}{17pt}}
\def\LARGE{\@setfontsize{\LARGE}{17}{20pt}}
\def\huge{\@setfontsize{\huge}{20}{24pt}}
\def\Huge{\@setfontsize{\Huge}{24}{28pt}}
\fi
%
% 12pt option defaults
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizetwelve
\typeout{-- This is a 12 point document.}
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{12}{13.92pt}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{13.92pt}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 6pt minus 4pt
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus 6pt
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 6pt minus 4pt
\def\small{\@setfontsize{\small}{10}{12pt}}
\def\footnotesize{\@setfontsize{\footnotesize}{9}{10.5pt}}
\def\scriptsize{\@setfontsize{\scriptsize}{8}{9pt}}
\def\tiny{\@setfontsize{\tiny}{6}{7pt}}
% sublargesize is the same as large - 14pt
\def\sublargesize{\@setfontsize{\sublargesize}{14}{17pt}}
\def\large{\@setfontsize{\large}{14}{17pt}}
\def\Large{\@setfontsize{\Large}{17}{20pt}}
\def\LARGE{\@setfontsize{\LARGE}{20}{24pt}}
\def\huge{\@setfontsize{\huge}{22}{26pt}}
\def\Huge{\@setfontsize{\Huge}{24}{28pt}}
\fi
% V1.8a compsoc font sizes
% compsoc font sizes use bp "Postscript" point units (1/72in)
% rather than the traditional pt (1/72.27)
\ifCLASSOPTIONcompsoc
% -- compsoc defaults --
% ** will override some of these values later **
% 9pt
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizenine
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{9bp}{11bp}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{11bp}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 3bp minus 1bp
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0bp plus 3bp
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 3bp minus 1bp
\def\small{\@setfontsize{\small}{8.5bp}{10bp}}
\def\footnotesize{\@setfontsize{\footnotesize}{8bp}{9bp}}
\def\scriptsize{\@setfontsize{\scriptsize}{7bp}{8bp}}
\def\tiny{\@setfontsize{\tiny}{5bp}{6bp}}
% sublargesize is the same as large - 10bp
\def\sublargesize{\@setfontsize{\sublargesize}{10bp}{12bp}}
\def\large{\@setfontsize{\large}{10bp}{12bp}}
\def\Large{\@setfontsize{\Large}{12bp}{14bp}}
\def\LARGE{\@setfontsize{\LARGE}{14bp}{17bp}}
\def\huge{\@setfontsize{\huge}{17bp}{20bp}}
\def\Huge{\@setfontsize{\Huge}{20bp}{24bp}}
\fi
%
% 10pt
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeten
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{10bp}{12bp}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{12bp}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 4bp minus 2bp
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus 4bp
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 4bp minus 2bp
\def\small{\@setfontsize{\small}{9bp}{10bp}}
\def\footnotesize{\@setfontsize{\footnotesize}{8bp}{9bp}}
\def\scriptsize{\@setfontsize{\scriptsize}{7bp}{8bp}}
\def\tiny{\@setfontsize{\tiny}{5bp}{6bp}}
% sublargesize is a tad smaller than large - 11bp
\def\sublargesize{\@setfontsize{\sublargesize}{11bp}{13.5bp}}
\def\large{\@setfontsize{\large}{12bp}{14bp}}
\def\Large{\@setfontsize{\Large}{14bp}{17bp}}
\def\LARGE{\@setfontsize{\LARGE}{17bp}{20bp}}
\def\huge{\@setfontsize{\huge}{20bp}{24bp}}
\def\Huge{\@setfontsize{\Huge}{24bp}{28bp}}
\fi
%
% 11pt
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeeleven
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{11bp}{13.5bp}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{13.5bp}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 5bp minus 3bp
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus 5bp
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 5bp minus 3bp
\def\small{\@setfontsize{\small}{10bp}{12bp}}
\def\footnotesize{\@setfontsize{\footnotesize}{9bp}{10.5bp}}
\def\scriptsize{\@setfontsize{\scriptsize}{8bp}{9bp}}
\def\tiny{\@setfontsize{\tiny}{6bp}{7bp}}
% sublargesize is the same as large - 12bp
\def\sublargesize{\@setfontsize{\sublargesize}{12bp}{14bp}}
\def\large{\@setfontsize{\large}{12bp}{14bp}}
\def\Large{\@setfontsize{\Large}{14bp}{17bp}}
\def\LARGE{\@setfontsize{\LARGE}{17bp}{20bp}}
\def\huge{\@setfontsize{\huge}{20bp}{24bp}}
\def\Huge{\@setfontsize{\Huge}{24bp}{28bp}}
\fi
%
% 12pt
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizetwelve
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{12bp}{14bp}}%
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{14bp}%
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 6bp minus 4bp
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus 6bp
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 6bp minus 4bp
\def\small{\@setfontsize{\small}{10bp}{12bp}}
\def\footnotesize{\@setfontsize{\footnotesize}{9bp}{10.5bp}}
\def\scriptsize{\@setfontsize{\scriptsize}{8bp}{9bp}}
\def\tiny{\@setfontsize{\tiny}{6bp}{7bp}}
% sublargesize is the same as large - 14bp
\def\sublargesize{\@setfontsize{\sublargesize}{14bp}{17bp}}
\def\large{\@setfontsize{\large}{14bp}{17bp}}
\def\Large{\@setfontsize{\Large}{17bp}{20bp}}
\def\LARGE{\@setfontsize{\LARGE}{20bp}{24bp}}
\def\huge{\@setfontsize{\huge}{22bp}{26bp}}
\def\Huge{\@setfontsize{\Huge}{24bp}{28bp}}
\fi
%
% -- override defaults: compsoc journals use special normalsizes --
\ifCLASSOPTIONconference
%
% compsoc conferences
% 9pt
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizenine
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{9bp}{10.8bp}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{10.8bp}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 3bp minus 1bp
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0bp plus 3bp
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 3bp minus 1bp
\fi
% 10pt
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeten
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{10bp}{11.2bp}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{11.2bp}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 4bp minus 2bp
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus 4bp
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 4bp minus 2bp
\fi
% 11pt
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeeleven
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{11bp}{13.2bp}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{13.2bp}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 5bp minus 3bp
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus 5bp
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 5bp minus 3bp
\fi
% 12pt
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizetwelve
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{12bp}{14.4bp}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{14.4bp}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 6bp minus 4bp
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus 6bp
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 6bp minus 4bp
\fi
%
% compsoc nonconferences
\else
% 9pt
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizenine
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{9bp}{10.8bp}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{10.8bp}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 3bp minus 1bp
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0bp plus 3bp
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 3bp minus 1bp
\fi
% 10pt
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeten
% the official spec is 9.5bp with 11.4bp leading for 10pt,
% but measurements of proofs suggest upto 11.723bp leading
% here we'll use 11.54bp which gives 61 lines per column
% with the standard compsoc margins
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{9.5bp}{11.54bp}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{11.54bp}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 4bp minus 2bp
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus 4bp
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 4bp minus 2bp
\fi
% 11pt
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizeeleven
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{11bp}{13.2bp}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{13.2bp}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 5bp minus 3bp
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus 5bp
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 5bp minus 3bp
\fi
% 12pt
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizetwelve
\def\normalsize{\@setfontsize{\normalsize}{12bp}{14.4bp}}
\setlength{\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip}{14.4bp}
\normalsize
\abovedisplayskip 1.5ex plus 6bp minus 4bp
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip 0pt plus 6bp
\belowdisplayshortskip 1.5ex plus 6bp minus 4bp
\fi
\fi\fi
% V1.6 The Computer Modern Fonts will issue a substitution warning for
% 24pt titles (24.88pt is used instead, but the default and correct
% Times font will scale exactly as needed) increase the substitution
% tolerance to turn off this warning.
%
% V1.8a, the compsoc bp font sizes can also cause bogus font substitution
% warnings with footnote or scriptsize math and the $\bullet$ itemized
% list of \IEEEcompsocitemizethanks. So, increase this to 1.5pt or more.
\def\fontsubfuzz{1.7bp}
% warn the user in case they forget to use the 9pt option with
% technote
\ifCLASSOPTIONtechnote%
\ifx\CLASSOPTIONpt\@IEEEptsizenine\else%
\typeout{** ATTENTION: Technotes are normally 9pt documents.}%
\fi%
\fi
% V1.7
% Improved \textunderscore to provide a much better fake _ when used with
% OT1 encoding. Under OT1, detect use of pcr or cmtt \ttfamily and use
% available true _ glyph for those two typewriter fonts.
\def\@IEEEstringptm{ptm} % Times Roman family
\def\@IEEEstringppl{ppl} % Palatino Roman family
\def\@IEEEstringphv{phv} % Helvetica Sans Serif family
\def\@IEEEstringpcr{pcr} % Courier typewriter family
\def\@IEEEstringcmtt{cmtt} % Computer Modern typewriter family
\DeclareTextCommandDefault{\textunderscore}{\leavevmode
\ifx\f@family\@IEEEstringpcr\string_\else
\ifx\f@family\@IEEEstringcmtt\string_\else
\ifx\f@family\@IEEEstringptm\kern 0em\vbox{\hrule\@width 0.5em\@height 0.5pt\kern -0.3ex}\else
\ifx\f@family\@IEEEstringppl\kern 0em\vbox{\hrule\@width 0.5em\@height 0.5pt\kern -0.3ex}\else
\ifx\f@family\@IEEEstringphv\kern -0.03em\vbox{\hrule\@width 0.62em\@height 0.52pt\kern -0.33ex}\kern -0.03em\else
\kern 0.09em\vbox{\hrule\@width 0.6em\@height 0.44pt\kern -0.63pt\kern -0.42ex}\kern 0.09em\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\relax}
% set the default \baselinestretch
\def\baselinestretch{1}
\ifCLASSOPTIONdraftcls
\def\baselinestretch{1.5}% default baselinestretch for draft modes
\fi
% process CLASSINPUT baselinestretch
\ifx\CLASSINPUTbaselinestretch\@IEEEundefined
\else
\edef\baselinestretch{\CLASSINPUTbaselinestretch} % user CLASSINPUT override
\typeout{** ATTENTION: Overriding \string\baselinestretch\space to
\baselinestretch\space via \string\CLASSINPUT.}
\fi
\small\normalsize % make \baselinestretch take affect
% store the normalsize baselineskip
\newdimen\CLASSINFOnormalsizebaselineskip
\CLASSINFOnormalsizebaselineskip=\baselineskip\relax
% and the normalsize unity (baselinestretch=1) baselineskip
% we could save a register by giving the user access to
% \@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip. However, let's protect
% its read only internal status
\newdimen\CLASSINFOnormalsizeunitybaselineskip
\CLASSINFOnormalsizeunitybaselineskip=\@IEEEnormalsizeunitybaselineskip\relax
% store the nominal value of jot
\newdimen\IEEEnormaljot
\IEEEnormaljot=0.25\baselineskip\relax
% set \jot
\jot=\IEEEnormaljot\relax
% V1.6, we are now going to fine tune the interword spacing
% The default interword glue for Times under TeX appears to use a
% nominal interword spacing of 25% (relative to the font size, i.e., 1em)
% a maximum of 40% and a minimum of 19%.
% For example, 10pt text uses an interword glue of:
%
% 2.5pt plus 1.49998pt minus 0.59998pt
%
% However, the IEEE allows for a more generous range which reduces the need
% for hyphenation, especially for two column text. Furthermore, the IEEE
% tends to use a little bit more nominal space between the words.
% The IEEE's interword spacing percentages appear to be:
% 35% nominal
% 23% minimum