表:Customers
+---------------+---------+ | Column Name | Type | +---------------+---------+ | customer_id | int | | name | varchar | +---------------+---------+ customer_id 是该表具有唯一值的列 该表包含消费者的信息
表:Orders
+---------------+---------+ | Column Name | Type | +---------------+---------+ | order_id | int | | order_date | date | | customer_id | int | | cost | int | +---------------+---------+ order_id 是该表具有唯一值的列 该表包含 id 为 customer_id 的消费者的订单信息 每一个消费者 每天一笔订单
写一个解决方案,找到每个用户的最近三笔订单。如果用户的订单少于 3 笔,则返回他的全部订单。
返回的结果按照 customer_name
升序 排列。如果有相同的排名,则按照 customer_id
升序 排列。如果排名还有相同,则按照 order_date
降序 排列。
结果格式如下例所示:
示例 1:
输入:Customers
+-------------+-----------+ | customer_id | name | +-------------+-----------+ | 1 | Winston | | 2 | Jonathan | | 3 | Annabelle | | 4 | Marwan | | 5 | Khaled | +-------------+-----------+Orders
+----------+------------+-------------+------+ | order_id | order_date | customer_id | cost | +----------+------------+-------------+------+ | 1 | 2020-07-31 | 1 | 30 | | 2 | 2020-07-30 | 2 | 40 | | 3 | 2020-07-31 | 3 | 70 | | 4 | 2020-07-29 | 4 | 100 | | 5 | 2020-06-10 | 1 | 1010 | | 6 | 2020-08-01 | 2 | 102 | | 7 | 2020-08-01 | 3 | 111 | | 8 | 2020-08-03 | 1 | 99 | | 9 | 2020-08-07 | 2 | 32 | | 10 | 2020-07-15 | 1 | 2 | +----------+------------+-------------+------+ 输出: +---------------+-------------+----------+------------+ | customer_name | customer_id | order_id | order_date | +---------------+-------------+----------+------------+ | Annabelle | 3 | 7 | 2020-08-01 | | Annabelle | 3 | 3 | 2020-07-31 | | Jonathan | 2 | 9 | 2020-08-07 | | Jonathan | 2 | 6 | 2020-08-01 | | Jonathan | 2 | 2 | 2020-07-30 | | Marwan | 4 | 4 | 2020-07-29 | | Winston | 1 | 8 | 2020-08-03 | | Winston | 1 | 1 | 2020-07-31 | | Winston | 1 | 10 | 2020-07-15 | +---------------+-------------+----------+------------+ 解释: Winston 有 4 笔订单, 排除了 "2020-06-10" 的订单, 因为它是最老的订单。 Annabelle 只有 2 笔订单, 全部返回。 Jonathan 恰好有 3 笔订单。 Marwan 只有 1 笔订单。 结果表我们按照 customer_name 升序排列,customer_id 升序排列,order_date 降序排列。
进阶:
- 你能写出最近
n
笔订单的通用解决方案吗?
我们可以使用等值连接,将 Customers
表和 Orders
表按照 customer_id
进行连接,然后使用 row_number()
窗口函数来为每个消费者的订单按照 order_date
降序排列,并为每个消费者的订单添加一个序号,最后筛选出序号小于等于
# Write your MySQL query statement below
WITH
T AS (
SELECT
*,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
PARTITION BY customer_id
ORDER BY order_date DESC
) AS rk
FROM
Orders
JOIN Customers USING (customer_id)
)
SELECT name AS customer_name, customer_id, order_id, order_date
FROM T
WHERE rk <= 3
ORDER BY 1, 2, 4 DESC;