Fix to #28595 - Use partial updates for JSON

Currently, whenever we update/add/delete part of aggregate mapped to JSON column, we were replacing the entire structure.
Improvement is to use JSON_MODIFY which can alter just a portion of JSON structure, give a JSON path.
We analyze the entries that are being edited and for each JSON column we find the common denominator that needs to be replaced to accommodate all the requested changes

Note: Whenever we add/remove element from a collection we need to replace the entire collection in order to populate ordinal key values properly.
Also, modifying a single property is not yet supported - the smallest fragment that will be replaced is one that represents an entity.

Fixes #28595

Author: maumar

src/EFCore.Relational/Update/ColumnModification.cs

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 // Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
 // The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 
-using System.Data;
-
 namespace Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Update;
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -54,6 +52,7 @@ public ColumnModification(in ColumnModificationParameters columnModificationPara
         IsNullable = columnModificationParameters.IsNullable;
         _generateParameterName = columnModificationParameters.GenerateParameterName;
         Entry = columnModificationParameters.Entry;
+        JsonPath = columnModificationParameters.JsonPath;
 
         UseParameter = _generateParameterName != null;
     }
@@ -174,6 +173,9 @@ public virtual object? Value
         }
     }
 
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public virtual string? JsonPath { get; }
+
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public virtual void AddSharedColumnModification(IColumnModification modification)
     {

src/EFCore.Relational/Update/ColumnModificationParameters.cs

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public readonly record struct ColumnModificationParameters
     ///     Indicates whether the column is part of a primary or alternate key.
     /// </summary>
     public bool IsKey { get; init; }
-    
+
     /// <summary>
     ///     The column.
     /// </summary>
@@ -92,6 +92,11 @@ public readonly record struct ColumnModificationParameters
     /// </summary>
     public string? ColumnType { get; init; }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     In case of JSON column modification, the JSON path leading to the JSON element that needs to be updated.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string? JsonPath { get; init; }
+
     /// <summary>
     ///     Creates a new <see cref="ColumnModificationParameters" /> instance.
     /// </summary>
@@ -137,8 +142,9 @@ public ColumnModificationParameters(
 
         GenerateParameterName = null;
         Entry = null;
+        JsonPath = null;
     }
-    
+
     /// <summary>
     ///     Creates a new <see cref="ColumnModificationParameters" /> instance.
     /// </summary>
@@ -182,6 +188,7 @@ public ColumnModificationParameters(
 
         GenerateParameterName = null;
         Entry = null;
+        JsonPath = null;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -225,5 +232,54 @@ public ColumnModificationParameters(
 
         GenerateParameterName = generateParameterName;
         Entry = entry;
+        JsonPath = null;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Creates a new <see cref="ColumnModificationParameters" /> instance.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="columnName">The name of the column.</param>
+    /// <param name="originalValue">The original value of the property mapped to this column.</param>
+    /// <param name="value">The current value of the property mapped to this column.</param>
+    /// <param name="jsonPath">The JSON path leading to the JSON element that needs to be updated.</param>
+    /// <param name="columnType">The database type of the column.</param>
+    /// <param name="typeMapping">The relational type mapping to be used for the command parameter.</param>
+    /// <param name="read">Indicates whether a value must be read from the database for the column.</param>
+    /// <param name="write">Indicates whether a value must be written to the database for the column.</param>
+    /// <param name="key">Indicates whether the column part of a primary or alternate key.</param>
+    /// <param name="condition">Indicates whether the column is used in the <c>WHERE</c> clause when updating.</param>
+    /// <param name="sensitiveLoggingEnabled">Indicates whether potentially sensitive data (e.g. database values) can be logged.</param>
+    /// <param name="isNullable">A value indicating whether the value could be null.</param>
+    public ColumnModificationParameters(
+        string columnName,
+        object? originalValue,
+        object? value,
+        string? columnType,
+        RelationalTypeMapping? typeMapping,
+        string jsonPath,
+        bool read,
+        bool write,
+        bool key,
+        bool condition,
+        bool sensitiveLoggingEnabled,
+        bool? isNullable = null)
+    {
+        Column = null;
+        ColumnName = columnName;
+        OriginalValue = originalValue;
+        Value = value;
+        Property = null;
+        ColumnType = columnType;
+        TypeMapping = typeMapping;
+        JsonPath = jsonPath;
+        IsRead = read;
+        IsWrite = write;
+        IsKey = key;
+        IsCondition = condition;
+        SensitiveLoggingEnabled = sensitiveLoggingEnabled;
+        IsNullable = isNullable;
+
+        GenerateParameterName = null;
+        Entry = null;
     }
 }

src/EFCore.Relational/Update/IColumnModification.cs

@@ -122,6 +122,11 @@ public interface IColumnModification
     /// </summary>
     public object? Value { get; set; }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     In case of JSON column modification, the JSON path leading to the JSON element that needs to be updated.
+    /// </summary>
+    public string? JsonPath { get; }
+
     /// <summary>
     ///     Adds a modification affecting the same database value.
     /// </summary>