Fixes and improvements to StartsWith/EndsWith/Contains (#31482)

Closes #30493
Closes #11881
Closes #26735

Author: roji

src/EFCore.Relational/Query/QuerySqlGenerator.cs

@@ -736,6 +736,7 @@ protected virtual void GenerateLike(LikeExpression likeExpression, bool negated)
         }
 
         _relationalCommandBuilder.Append(" LIKE ");
+
         Visit(likeExpression.Pattern);
 
         if (likeExpression.EscapeChar != null)

src/EFCore.Relational/Query/RelationalSqlTranslatingExpressionVisitor.cs

@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ protected override Expression VisitNewArray(NewArrayExpression newArrayExpressio
     /// <inheritdoc />
     protected override Expression VisitParameter(ParameterExpression parameterExpression)
         => parameterExpression.Name?.StartsWith(QueryCompilationContext.QueryParameterPrefix, StringComparison.Ordinal) == true
-            ? new SqlParameterExpression(parameterExpression, null)
+            ? new SqlParameterExpression(parameterExpression.Name, parameterExpression.Type, null)
             : throw new InvalidOperationException(CoreStrings.TranslationFailed(parameterExpression.Print()));
 
     /// <inheritdoc />

src/EFCore.Relational/Query/SqlExpressions/SqlParameterExpression.cs

@@ -6,32 +6,30 @@ namespace Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.SqlExpressions;
 /// <summary>
 ///     An expression that represents a parameter in a SQL tree.
 /// </summary>
-/// <remarks>
-///     This is a simple wrapper around a <see cref="ParameterExpression" /> in the SQL tree.
-///     Instances of this type cannot be constructed by application or database provider code. If this is a problem for your
-///     application or provider, then please file an issue at
-///     <see href="https://github.com/dotnet/efcore">github.com/dotnet/efcore</see>.
-/// </remarks>
 public sealed class SqlParameterExpression : SqlExpression
 {
-    private readonly ParameterExpression _parameterExpression;
-    private readonly string _name;
-
-    internal SqlParameterExpression(ParameterExpression parameterExpression, RelationalTypeMapping? typeMapping)
-        : base(parameterExpression.Type.UnwrapNullableType(), typeMapping)
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Creates a new instance of the <see cref="SqlParameterExpression" /> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="name">The parameter name.</param>
+    /// <param name="type">The <see cref="Type" /> of the expression.</param>
+    /// <param name="typeMapping">The <see cref="RelationalTypeMapping" /> associated with the expression.</param>
+    public SqlParameterExpression(string name, Type type, RelationalTypeMapping? typeMapping)
+        : this(name, type.UnwrapNullableType(), type.IsNullableType(), typeMapping)
     {
-        Check.DebugAssert(parameterExpression.Name != null, "Parameter must have name.");
+    }
 
-        _parameterExpression = parameterExpression;
-        _name = parameterExpression.Name;
-        IsNullable = parameterExpression.Type.IsNullableType();
+    private SqlParameterExpression(string name, Type type, bool nullable, RelationalTypeMapping? typeMapping)
+        : base(type, typeMapping)
+    {
+        Name = name;
+        IsNullable = nullable;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
     ///     The name of the parameter.
     /// </summary>
-    public string Name
-        => _name;
+    public string Name { get; }
 
     /// <summary>
     ///     The bool value indicating if this parameter can have null values.
@@ -44,15 +42,15 @@ public string Name
     /// <param name="typeMapping">A relational type mapping to apply.</param>
     /// <returns>A new expression which has supplied type mapping.</returns>
     public SqlExpression ApplyTypeMapping(RelationalTypeMapping? typeMapping)
-        => new SqlParameterExpression(_parameterExpression, typeMapping);
+        => new SqlParameterExpression(Name, Type, IsNullable, typeMapping);
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
     protected override Expression VisitChildren(ExpressionVisitor visitor)
         => this;
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
     protected override void Print(ExpressionPrinter expressionPrinter)
-        => expressionPrinter.Append("@" + _parameterExpression.Name);
+        => expressionPrinter.Append("@" + Name);
 
     /// <inheritdoc />
     public override bool Equals(object? obj)

src/EFCore.Relational/Query/SqlNullabilityProcessor.cs

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ protected virtual TableExpressionBase Visit(TableExpressionBase tableExpressionB
                 var newTable = Visit(innerJoinExpression.Table);
                 var newJoinPredicate = ProcessJoinPredicate(innerJoinExpression.JoinPredicate);
 
-                return TryGetBoolConstantValue(newJoinPredicate) == true
+                return IsTrue(newJoinPredicate)
                     ? new CrossJoinExpression(newTable)
                     : innerJoinExpression.Update(newTable, newJoinPredicate);
             }
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ protected virtual SelectExpression Visit(SelectExpression selectExpression)
         var predicate = Visit(selectExpression.Predicate, allowOptimizedExpansion: true, out _);
         changed |= predicate != selectExpression.Predicate;
 
-        if (TryGetBoolConstantValue(predicate) == true)
+        if (IsTrue(predicate))
         {
             predicate = null;
             changed = true;
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ protected virtual SelectExpression Visit(SelectExpression selectExpression)
         var having = Visit(selectExpression.Having, allowOptimizedExpansion: true, out _);
         changed |= having != selectExpression.Having;
 
-        if (TryGetBoolConstantValue(having) == true)
+        if (IsTrue(having))
         {
             having = null;
             changed = true;
@@ -519,20 +519,17 @@ protected virtual SqlExpression VisitCase(CaseExpression caseExpression, bool al
             var test = Visit(
                 whenClause.Test, allowOptimizedExpansion: testIsCondition, preserveColumnNullabilityInformation: true, out _);
 
-            if (TryGetBoolConstantValue(test) is bool testConstantBool)
+            if (IsTrue(test))
             {
-                if (testConstantBool)
-                {
-                    testEvaluatesToTrue = true;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    // if test evaluates to 'false' we can remove the WhenClause
-                    RestoreNonNullableColumnsList(currentNonNullableColumnsCount);
-                    RestoreNullValueColumnsList(currentNullValueColumnsCount);
+                testEvaluatesToTrue = true;
+            }
+            else if (IsFalse(test))
+            {
+                // if test evaluates to 'false' we can remove the WhenClause
+                RestoreNonNullableColumnsList(currentNonNullableColumnsCount);
+                RestoreNullValueColumnsList(currentNullValueColumnsCount);
 
-                    continue;
-                }
+                continue;
             }
 
             var newResult = Visit(whenClause.Result, out var resultNullable);
@@ -570,7 +567,7 @@ protected virtual SqlExpression VisitCase(CaseExpression caseExpression, bool al
         // if there is only one When clause and it's test evaluates to 'true' AND there is no else block, simply return the result
         return elseResult == null
             && whenClauses.Count == 1
-            && TryGetBoolConstantValue(whenClauses[0].Test) == true
+            && IsTrue(whenClauses[0].Test)
                 ? whenClauses[0].Result
                 : caseExpression.Update(operand, whenClauses, elseResult);
     }
@@ -635,7 +632,7 @@ protected virtual SqlExpression VisitExists(
 
         // if subquery has predicate which evaluates to false, we can simply return false
         // if the exists is negated we need to return true instead
-        return TryGetBoolConstantValue(subquery.Predicate) == false
+        return IsFalse(subquery.Predicate)
             ? _sqlExpressionFactory.Constant(false, existsExpression.TypeMapping)
             : existsExpression.Update(subquery);
     }
@@ -658,7 +655,7 @@ protected virtual SqlExpression VisitIn(InExpression inExpression, bool allowOpt
             var subquery = Visit(inExpression.Subquery);
 
             // a IN (SELECT * FROM table WHERE false) => false
-            if (TryGetBoolConstantValue(subquery.Predicate) == false)
+            if (IsFalse(subquery.Predicate))
             {
                 nullable = false;
 
@@ -967,9 +964,64 @@ protected virtual SqlExpression VisitLike(LikeExpression likeExpression, bool al
         var pattern = Visit(likeExpression.Pattern, out var patternNullable);
         var escapeChar = Visit(likeExpression.EscapeChar, out var escapeCharNullable);
 
-        nullable = matchNullable || patternNullable || escapeCharNullable;
+        SqlExpression result = likeExpression.Update(match, pattern, escapeChar);
+
+        if (UseRelationalNulls)
+        {
+            nullable = matchNullable || patternNullable || escapeCharNullable;
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        nullable = false;
+
+        // The null semantics behavior we implement for LIKE is that it only returns true when both sides are non-null and match; any other
+        // input returns false:
+        // foo LIKE f% -> true
+        // foo LIKE null -> false
+        // null LIKE f% -> false
+        // null LIKE null -> false
+
+        if (IsNull(match) || IsNull(pattern) || IsNull(escapeChar))
+        {
+            return _sqlExpressionFactory.Constant(false, likeExpression.TypeMapping);
+        }
+
+        // A constant match-all pattern (%) returns true for all cases, except where the match string is null:
+        // nullable_foo LIKE % -> foo IS NOT NULL
+        // non_nullable_foo LIKE % -> true
+        if (pattern is SqlConstantExpression { Value: "%" })
+        {
+            return matchNullable
+                ? _sqlExpressionFactory.IsNotNull(match)
+                : _sqlExpressionFactory.Constant(true, likeExpression.TypeMapping);
+        }
 
-        return likeExpression.Update(match, pattern, escapeChar);
+        if (!allowOptimizedExpansion)
+        {
+            if (matchNullable)
+            {
+                result = _sqlExpressionFactory.AndAlso(result, GenerateNotNullCheck(match));
+            }
+
+            if (patternNullable)
+            {
+                result = _sqlExpressionFactory.AndAlso(result, GenerateNotNullCheck(pattern));
+            }
+
+            if (escapeChar is not null && escapeCharNullable)
+            {
+                result = _sqlExpressionFactory.AndAlso(result, GenerateNotNullCheck(escapeChar));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+
+        SqlExpression GenerateNotNullCheck(SqlExpression operand)
+            => OptimizeNonNullableNotExpression(
+                _sqlExpressionFactory.Not(
+                    ProcessNullNotNull(
+                        _sqlExpressionFactory.IsNull(operand), operandNullable: true)));
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -1395,8 +1447,28 @@ protected virtual SqlExpression VisitJsonScalar(
     /// </summary>
     protected virtual bool PreferExistsToComplexIn => false;
 
-    private static bool? TryGetBoolConstantValue(SqlExpression? expression)
-        => expression is SqlConstantExpression { Value: bool boolValue } ? boolValue : null;
+    // Note that we can check parameter values for null since we cache by the parameter nullability; but we cannot do the same for bool.
+    private bool IsNull(SqlExpression? expression)
+        => expression is SqlConstantExpression { Value: null }
+            || expression is SqlParameterExpression { Name: string parameterName } && ParameterValues[parameterName] is null;
+
+    private bool IsTrue(SqlExpression? expression)
+        => expression is SqlConstantExpression { Value: true };
+
+    private bool IsFalse(SqlExpression? expression)
+        => expression is SqlConstantExpression { Value: false };
+
+    private bool TryGetBool(SqlExpression? expression, out bool value)
+    {
+        if (expression is SqlConstantExpression { Value: bool b })
+        {
+            value = b;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        value = false;
+        return false;
+    }
 
     private void RestoreNonNullableColumnsList(int counter)
     {
@@ -1486,7 +1558,7 @@ private SqlExpression OptimizeComparison(
             return result;
         }
 
-        if (TryGetBoolConstantValue(right) is bool rightBoolValue
+        if (TryGetBool(right, out var rightBoolValue)
             && !leftNullable
             && left.TypeMapping!.Converter == null)
         {
@@ -1502,7 +1574,7 @@ private SqlExpression OptimizeComparison(
                 : left;
         }
 
-        if (TryGetBoolConstantValue(left) is bool leftBoolValue
+        if (TryGetBool(left, out var leftBoolValue)
             && !rightNullable
             && right.TypeMapping!.Converter == null)
         {
@@ -2069,10 +2141,6 @@ private SqlExpression ProcessNullNotNull(SqlUnaryExpression sqlUnaryExpression,
     private static bool IsLogicalNot(SqlUnaryExpression? sqlUnaryExpression)
         => sqlUnaryExpression is { OperatorType: ExpressionType.Not } && sqlUnaryExpression.Type == typeof(bool);
 
-    private bool IsNull(SqlExpression expression)
-        => expression is SqlConstantExpression { Value: null }
-            || expression is SqlParameterExpression { Name: string parameterName } && ParameterValues[parameterName] is null;
-
     // ?a == ?b -> [(a == b) && (a != null && b != null)] || (a == null && b == null))
     //
     // a | b | F1 = a == b | F2 = (a != null && b != null) | F3 = F1 && F2 |