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‎getopt.c‎

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/*
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* getopt - get option letter from argv
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*
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* Called as getopt(argc, argv, optstring ).
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* Optstring is a string of valid option characters. If a character
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* is followed by '':`` then a name can follow.
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* Returns EOF when the scanning has finished or the option when
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* a valid option is found. If an invalid option is found an error
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* is printed in stderr and ''?`` is retured.
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* When scanning is completed the global variable optind is pointing
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* the the next argv (if it exists ).
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* When an option is requested the global character pointer optarg is
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* pointing to it. If no filename was given it is NULL.
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* ''--`` can be used to terminate the scan so that filenames starting
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* with a - can be passed.
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*
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* by Henry Spencer
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* posted to Usenet net.sources list
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* minor changes by D. Spinellis
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*/
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <string.h>
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char *optarg; /* Global argument pointer. */
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int optind = 0; /* Global argv index. */
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static char *scan = NULL; /* Private scan pointer. */
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int
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getopt(argc, argv, optstring)
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int argc;
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char *argv[];
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char *optstring;
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{
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register char c;
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register char *place;
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optarg = NULL;
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if (scan == NULL || *scan == '\0') {
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if (optind == 0)
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optind++;
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if (optind >= argc || argv[optind][0] != '-' || argv[optind][1] == '\0')
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return(EOF);
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if (strcmp(argv[optind], "--")==0) {
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optind++;
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return(EOF);
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}
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scan = argv[optind]+1;
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optind++;
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}
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c = *scan++;
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place = strchr(optstring, c);
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if (place == NULL || c == ':') {
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fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown option -%c\n", argv[0], c);
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return('?');
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}
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place++;
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if (*place == ':') {
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if (*scan != '\0') {
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optarg = scan;
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scan = NULL;
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} else if( optind < argc ) {
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optarg = argv[optind];
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optind++;
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}
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}
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return(c);
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}

‎makefile‎

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OBJ=trace.obj doprnt.obj getopt.obj
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CFLAGS=-Gs -ASw -Oi
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CC=cl
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all: trace.exe trace.lpr trace.man
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trace.exe: $(OBJ)
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$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o trace $(OBJ)
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trace.lpr: trace.1
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nroff -Tepson -man trace.1 | sed -e "1,66d;s/_\(.\)/-1\1-0/g;s/-0-1//g;s/j\.J//g" >trace.lpr
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trace.man: trace.1
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nroff -man trace.1 | sed -e "1,66d;s/.//g" >trace.man
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trace.dvi:
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latex trace
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clean:
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rm -f *.obj *.exe *.aux *.log *.dvi
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zip:
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z -a trace trace.exe trace.man trace.c doprnt.c getopt.c makefile trace.1 article.ps
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install: trace.exe
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exepack trace.exe \usr\local\bin\trace.exe
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backup:
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xcopy *.c a:\trace /m
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xcopy *.exe a:\trace /m
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xcopy *.?%v a:\trace /m
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xcopy makefile a:\trace /m
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xcopy todo a:\trace /m
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xcopy trace.1 a:\trace /m
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xcopy article.tex a:\trace /m
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xcopy letter.fw3 a:\trace /m

‎trace.1‎

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.TH TRACE 1 "1 October 1994"
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.\" (C) Copyright 1991, 1994 Diomidis Spinellis. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, and distribute this software and its
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.\" documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
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.\" provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
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.\" both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
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.\" supporting documentation.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
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.\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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.\"
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.SH NAME
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trace \- trace system calls made by a process
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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\fBtrace\fP
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[\fB\-help\fP]
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[\fB\-o\fP \fIfname\fP]
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[\fB\-l\fP \fIlen\fP]
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[\fB\-p\fP \fIpsp\fP]
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[\fB\-abcefinrstvwxy\fP]
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[ \fIcommand options\fP\| .\|.\|. ]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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\fITrace\fP is a system utility that produces a listing of the MS-DOS requests
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made by a process. It is a useful debugging tool that can be used on any
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executable program. \fITrace\fP can also be used to provide a better
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understanding of the internal workings of many programs. A utility
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with the same name and similar functionality is provided with SunOS.
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.LP
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Trace can monitor either a command passed as an argument, all the
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resident processes in the system or a process with a given program
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segment prefix (PSP). In all cases it creates a file (\fItrace.log\fP
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by default) where each system call and its arguments made by
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the process(es) monitored are printed. A number of options control
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the detail of information printed.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.IP \fB\-a\fP
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Monitor all system calls. By default the following functions are traced:
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\fIdisp_out\fP (0x02),
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\fIdirect_out\fP (0x06),
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\fIdisp_string\fP (0x09),
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\fIflush\fP (0x0d),
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\fIset_current_disk\fP (0x0e),
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\fIget_current_disk\fP (0x19),
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\fIset_dta\fP (0x1a),
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\fIdrive_info\fP (0x1c),
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\fIset_vector\fP (0x25),
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\fIparse_name\fP (0x29),
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\fIget_date\fP (0x2a),
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\fIget_time\fP (0x2c),
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\fIset_time\fP (0x2d),
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\fIget_dta\fP (0x2f),
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\fIget_version\fP (0x30),
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\fIcntrl_brk\fP (0x33),
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\fIget_flag\fP (0x34),
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\fIget_vector\fP (0x35),
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\fImkdir\fP (0x39),
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\fIrmdir\fP (0x3a),
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\fIchdir\fP (0x3b),
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\fIcreat\fP (0x3c),
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\fIopen\fP (0x3d),
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\fIclose\fP (0x3e),
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\fIread\fP (0x3f),
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\fIwrite\fP (0x40),
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\fIunlink\fP (0x41),
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\fIlseek\fP (0x42),
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\fIchmod\fP (0x43),
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\fIioctl\fP (0x44),
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\fIdup\fP (0x45),
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\fIdup2\fP (0x46),
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\fIgetcwd\fP (0x47),
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\fIalloc\fP (0x48),
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\fIfree\fP (0x49),
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\fIrealloc\fP (0x4a),
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\fIexec\fP (0x4b),
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\fIexit\fP (0x4c),
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\fIget_code\fP (0x4d),
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\fIfindfirst\fP (0x4e),
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\fIfindnext\fP (0x4f),
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\fIset_psp\fP (0x50),
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\fIget_psp\fP (0x51),
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\fIsysvars\fP (0x52),
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\fIchild_psp\fP (0x55),
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\fIget/set_time\fP (0x57),
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\fIget/set_alloc_str\fP (0x58),
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\fItmpfile\fP (0x5a).
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\fIcreate_new\fP (0x5b).
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\fIget_psp\fP (0x62),
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\fIopen\fP (0x6c),
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Functions not included in
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the above list are printed by default using their function number
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without their arguments.
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.IP \fB\-b\fP
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Print the interrupt branch address. Each line is preceded by the address
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on which the MS-DOS interrupt was generated.
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.IP \fB\-c\fP
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Only a summary count of all calls is produced at the end of the program run.
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No detailed information is given. One line is produced for each function used.
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The line contains the function number in hexadecimal, the symbolic function
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name and the number of times the function was called.
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.IP \fB\-e\fP
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Trace between \fIexec\fP calls. Unless this option is given,
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monitoring is disabled until the child process terminates,
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when a program performes an \fIexec\fP call .
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.IP \fB\-f\fP
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Calls are prefixed with the MS-DOS function call number.
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.IP \fB\-h\fP
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A short help list on the program options is displayed on the standard output.
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.IP \fB\-i\fP
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Calls are prefixed with the process-id of the process that performed them. This
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is the PSP address of the program under MS-DOS.
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.IP "\fB\-l\fP \fIL\fP"
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Specify the number of bytes printed for input / output calls.
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Up to \fIL\fP bytes of data will be printed. The default number is 15.
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.IP \fB\-n\fP
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Functions that are not normally printed are printed by a short descriptive
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name rather than their function number.
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.IP "\fB\-o\fP \fIF\fP"
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The output file for tracing information is \fIF\fP instead of the default
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\fItrace.log\fP. Note that \fIF\fP can also be a device name such as \fIcon\fP
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or \fIprn\fP.
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.IP "\fB\-p\fP \fIP\fP"
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Trace a process with process-id (PSP address) \fIP\fP. This is usually
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a terminate and stay resident (TSR) utility. To obtain the PSP address
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of the program use a memory display utility such as \fIdosmem\fP or
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\fImi\fP or run \fItrace\fP with the \fB-i\fP option.
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.IP \fB\-r\fP
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Produce a register dump on functions that do not have their arguments
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printed.
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.IP \fB\-s\fP
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Print strings on various functions. The functions affected are:
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.RS
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.IP \(bu 2
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For all input/output functions
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follow the function call with the string that was read or written. The
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maximum length of the string is specified with the \fB-l\fP option.
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The string is followed by an ellipsis (...) if it contains more characters
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than the maximum length. The default length is 15 characters. Non ASCII
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data is not printed unless the \fB-x\fP option is given.
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.IP \(bu
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The \fIioctl\fP calls that get the device mode have it printed as symbolic
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constants.
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.IP \(bu
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The get and set filemode functions have the file mode printed
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as a string similar to that produced by the Unix \fIls -l\fP command.
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.IP \(bu
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The directory name returned by the \fIget current directory\fP function
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is printed.
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.IP \(bu
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The files returned by the \fIfind first\fP / \fIfind next\fP functions
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are printed together with their associated information.
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.RE
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.IP \fB\-t\fP
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Prefix all system calls with time in the form of hh:mm:ss.
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.IP \fB\-v\fP
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Verbose option. This option will produce the highest amount of
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data. It is equivalent to specifying the -\fBaefinrstwx\fP options.
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A trace line printed using these options will resemble the following:
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.br
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22:11:56 2c40 40 2C50:4B26 write(1, 3200:923E, 1) = 1 "r"
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.br
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The contents of the line are: the time, PSP address of the calling process,
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function call number, address that generated the function call,
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the function, its arguments, the return value and the string written.
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.IP \fB\-w\fP
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Errors from MS-DOS functions
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are printed in word form (i.e. symbolically) rather than as
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error codes.
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.IP \fB\-x\fP
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Data printed under the -s option will be printed even if it is not ASCII
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in hexadecimal form.
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.IP \fB\-y\fP
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Close log file after every write.
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Useful for debugging programs that crash.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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D. Spinellis. Trace: A tool for logging operating system call transactions.
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\fIOperating Systems Review\fP, 28(4):56-63, October 1994.
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.br
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Ralf Brown and Jim Kyle. \fIThe PC Interrupt List.\fP Addison-Wesley, 1991.
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.SH AUTHOR
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(C) Copyright 1991, 1994 Diomidis Spinellis. All rights reserved.
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.br
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e-mail: dspin@leon.nrcps.ariadne-t.gr
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.br
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snail mail: SENA S.A., Kyprou 27, GR-152 37 Filothei, Greece.
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.SH BUGS
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Most FCB calls and a number of ioctl requests are not decoded.
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.LP
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There should be an option to merge consequentive write(2) requests.
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.LP
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The system call used by \fItrace\fP to get the exit code of the
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process run is also traced.

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