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Connect to TiDB
Learn how to connect to TiDB.

Connect to TiDB

TiDB is highly compatible with the MySQL protocol. For a full list of client link parameters, see MySQL Client Options.

TiDB supports the MySQL Client/Server Protocol, which allows most client drivers and ORM frameworks to connect to TiDB just as they connect to MySQL.

You can choose to use MySQL Client or MySQL Shell based on your personal preferences.

MySQL Client

You can connect to TiDB using MySQL Client, which can be used as a command-line tool for TiDB. To install MySQL Client, follow the instructions below for YUM based Linux distributions.

{{< copyable "shell-regular" >}}

sudo yum install mysql

After the installation, you can connect to TiDB using the following command:

{{< copyable "shell-regular" >}}

mysql --host <tidb_server_host> --port 4000 -u root -p --comments

MySQL Shell

You can connect to TiDB using MySQL Shell, which can be used as a command-line tool for TiDB. To install MySQL Shell, follow the instructions in the MySQL Shell documentation. After the installation, you can connect to TiDB using the following command:

{{< copyable "shell-regular" >}}

mysqlsh --sql mysql://root@<tidb_server_host>:4000

JDBC

You can connect to TiDB using the JDBC driver. To do that, you need to create a MysqlDataSource or MysqlConnectionPoolDataSource object (both objects support the DataSource interface), and then set the connection string using the setURL function.

For example:

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MysqlDataSource mysqlDataSource = new MysqlDataSource();
mysqlDataSource.setURL("jdbc:mysql://{host}:{port}/{database}?user={username}&password={password}");

For more information on JDBC connections, see the JDBC documentation

Connection parameters

Parameter name Description
{username} A SQL user to connect to the TiDB cluster
{password} The password of the SQL user
{host} Host of a TiDB node
{port} Port that the TiDB node is listening on
{database} Name of an existing database

For more information about TiDB SQL users, see TiDB User Account Management.

For more information about TiDB SQL users, see TiDB User Account Management.

Hibernate

You can connect to TiDB using the Hibernate ORM. To do that, you need to set hibernate.connection.url in the Hibernate configuration file to a legal TiDB connection string.

For example, if you use a hibernate.cfg.xml configuration file, set hibernate.connection.url as follows:

{{< copyable "" >}}

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.TiDBDialect</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://{host}:{port}/{database}?user={user}&amp;password={password}</property>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

After the configuration is done, you can use the following command to read the configuration file and get the SessionFactory object:

{{< copyable "" >}}

SessionFactory sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml").buildSessionFactory();

Note the following:

  • Because the hibernate.cfg.xml configuration file is in the XML format and & is a special character in XML, you need to change & to &amp; when configuring the file. For example, you need to change the connection string hibernate.connection.url from jdbc:mysql://{host}:{port}/{database}?user={user}&password={password} to jdbc:mysql://{host}:{ port}/{database}?user={user}&amp;password={password}.
  • It is recommended that you use the TiDB dialect by setting hibernate.dialect to org.hibernate.dialect.TiDBDialect.
  • Hibernate supports TiDB dialects starting from 6.0.0.Beta2, so it is recommended that you use Hibernate 6.0.0.Beta2 or a later version to connect to TiDB.

For more information about Hibernate connection parameters, see Hibernate documentation.

Connection parameters

Parameter name Description
{username} A SQL user to connect to the TiDB cluster
{password} The password of the SQL user
{host} Host of a TiDB node
{port} Port that the TiDB node is listening on
{database} Name of an existing database

For more information about TiDB SQL users, see TiDB User Account Management.

For more information about TiDB SQL users, see TiDB User Account Management.