SQL: Use field caps inside DESCRIBE TABLE as well (#41377)

Thanks to #34071, there is enough information in field caps to infer
the table structure and thus use the same API consistently across the
IndexResolver.

(cherry picked from commit f999469)

Author: costin

x-pack/plugin/sql/qa/security/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/sql/qa/security/JdbcSecurityIT.java

@@ -234,12 +234,14 @@ public void checkNoMonitorMain(String user) throws Exception {
             expectUnauthorized("cluster:monitor/main", user, () -> es(userProperties(user)));
             expectUnauthorized("cluster:monitor/main", user, () -> es(userProperties(user)).getMetaData().getDatabaseMajorVersion());
             expectUnauthorized("cluster:monitor/main", user, () -> es(userProperties(user)).getMetaData().getDatabaseMinorVersion());
-            expectUnauthorized("cluster:monitor/main", user,
-                    () -> es(userProperties(user)).createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT * FROM test"));
-            expectUnauthorized("cluster:monitor/main", user,
-                    () -> es(userProperties(user)).createStatement().executeQuery("SHOW TABLES LIKE 'test'"));
-            expectUnauthorized("cluster:monitor/main", user,
-                    () -> es(userProperties(user)).createStatement().executeQuery("DESCRIBE test"));
+
+            // by moving to field caps these calls do not require the monitor permission
+            //            expectUnauthorized("cluster:monitor/main", user,
+            //                    () -> es(userProperties(user)).createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT * FROM test"));
+            //            expectUnauthorized("cluster:monitor/main", user,
+            //                    () -> es(userProperties(user)).createStatement().executeQuery("SHOW TABLES LIKE 'test'"));
+            //            expectUnauthorized("cluster:monitor/main", user,
+            //                    () -> es(userProperties(user)).createStatement().executeQuery("DESCRIBE test"));
         }
 
         private void expectUnauthorized(String action, String user, ThrowingRunnable r) {

x-pack/plugin/sql/qa/src/main/resources/single-node-only/command-sys.csv-spec

@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ x-pack_plugin_sql_qa_single-node_integTestCluster  |null           |test_emp
 x-pack_plugin_sql_qa_single-node_integTestCluster  |null           |test_emp       |salary            |4              |INTEGER        |11             |4              |null           |10             |1              |null           |null           |4              |0               |null             |11              |YES            |null           |null           |null           |null            |NO              |NO                
 x-pack_plugin_sql_qa_single-node_integTestCluster  |null           |test_emp_copy  |birth_date        |93             |DATETIME       |29             |8              |null           |null           |1              |null           |null           |9              |3               |null             |1               |YES            |null           |null           |null           |null            |NO              |NO                
 x-pack_plugin_sql_qa_single-node_integTestCluster  |null           |test_emp_copy  |emp_no            |4              |INTEGER        |11             |4              |null           |10             |1              |null           |null           |4              |0               |null             |3               |YES            |null           |null           |null           |null            |NO              |NO                
+x-pack_plugin_sql_qa_single-node_integTestCluster  |null           |test_emp_copy  |extra.info.gender |12             |KEYWORD        |32766          |2147483647     |null           |null           |1              |null           |null           |12             |0               |2147483647       |6               |YES            |null           |null           |null           |null            |NO              |NO
 x-pack_plugin_sql_qa_single-node_integTestCluster  |null           |test_emp_copy  |extra_gender      |12             |KEYWORD        |32766          |2147483647     |null           |null           |1              |null           |null           |12             |0               |2147483647       |7               |YES            |null           |null           |null           |null            |NO              |NO                
 x-pack_plugin_sql_qa_single-node_integTestCluster  |null           |test_emp_copy  |extra_no          |4              |INTEGER        |11             |4              |null           |10             |1              |null           |null           |4              |0               |null             |8               |YES            |null           |null           |null           |null            |NO              |NO                
 x-pack_plugin_sql_qa_single-node_integTestCluster  |null           |test_emp_copy  |first_name        |12             |TEXT           |2147483647     |2147483647     |null           |null           |1              |null           |null           |12             |0               |2147483647       |9               |YES            |null           |null           |null           |null            |NO              |NO