[Widget Inspector] Fix stack overflow error for Flutter web when requesting a large widget tree (#159454)

Fixes flutter/devtools#8553

Context: 

A Flutter web customer with a large widget tree was getting a stack
overflow error when they toggled on "show implementation widgets" in the
Flutter DevTools Inspector. This is because building the JSON tree
recursively was hitting Chrome's stack limit.

This PR creates the JSON tree **iteratively** if the `getRootWidgetTree`
service extension is called with `fullDetails = false` (which is what
DevTools uses to fetch the widget tree).

For all other instances of creating a widget JSON map (for example, when
fetching widget properties) the recursive implementation is used. This
allows properties provided by subclasses implementing `toJsonMap` to be
included in the response.

Note: Because with this change `toJsonMap` is only called when
`fullDetails = true` and `toJsonMapIterative` is only called when
`fullDetails = false`, this PR partially reverts the changes in
flutter/flutter#157309.

Author: elliette

packages/flutter/lib/src/foundation/diagnostics.dart

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 /// @docImport 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';
 library;
 
+import 'dart:collection';
 import 'dart:math' as math;
 import 'dart:ui' show clampDouble;
 
@@ -1421,6 +1422,17 @@ class TextTreeRenderer {
   }
 }
 
+/// The JSON representation of a [DiagnosticsNode].
+typedef _JsonDiagnosticsNode = Map<String, Object?>;
+
+/// Stack containing [DiagnosticNode]s to convert to JSON and the callback to
+/// call with the JSON.
+///
+/// Using a stack is required to process the widget tree iteratively instead of
+/// recursively.
+typedef _NodesToJsonifyStack
+    = ListQueue<(DiagnosticsNode, void Function(_JsonDiagnosticsNode))>;
+
 /// Defines diagnostics data for a [value].
 ///
 /// For debug and profile modes, [DiagnosticsNode] provides a high quality
@@ -1605,29 +1617,12 @@ abstract class DiagnosticsNode {
   ///    by this method and interactive tree views in the Flutter IntelliJ
   ///    plugin.
   @mustCallSuper
-  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(
-    DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate, {
-    bool fullDetails = true,
-  }) {
+  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate) {
     Map<String, Object?> result = <String, Object?>{};
     assert(() {
       final bool hasChildren = getChildren().isNotEmpty;
-      final Map<String, Object?> essentialDetails = <String, Object?>{
+      result = <String, Object?>{
         'description': toDescription(),
-        'shouldIndent': style != DiagnosticsTreeStyle.flat &&
-            style != DiagnosticsTreeStyle.error,
-        ...delegate.additionalNodeProperties(this, fullDetails: fullDetails),
-        if (delegate.subtreeDepth > 0)
-          'children': toJsonList(
-            delegate.filterChildren(getChildren(), this),
-            this,
-            delegate,
-            fullDetails: fullDetails,
-          ),
-      };
-
-      result = !fullDetails ? essentialDetails : <String, Object?>{
-        ...essentialDetails,
         'type': runtimeType.toString(),
         if (name != null)
           'name': name,
@@ -1651,19 +1646,54 @@ abstract class DiagnosticsNode {
           'allowWrap': allowWrap,
         if (allowNameWrap)
           'allowNameWrap': allowNameWrap,
+        ...delegate.additionalNodeProperties(this),
         if (delegate.includeProperties)
           'properties': toJsonList(
             delegate.filterProperties(getProperties(), this),
             this,
             delegate,
-            fullDetails: fullDetails,
+          ),
+        if (delegate.subtreeDepth > 0)
+          'children': toJsonList(
+            delegate.filterChildren(getChildren(), this),
+            this,
+            delegate,
           ),
       };
       return true;
     }());
     return result;
   }
 
+  /// Iteratively serialize the node to a JSON map according to the
+  /// configuration provided in the [DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate].
+  ///
+  /// This is only used when [WidgetInspectorServiceExtensions.getRootWidgetTree]
+  /// is called with fullDetails=false. To get the full widget details, including
+  /// any details provided by subclasses, [toJsonMap] should be used instead.
+  ///
+  /// See https://github.com/flutter/devtools/issues/8553 for details about this
+  /// iterative approach.
+  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMapIterative(
+    DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate,
+  ) {
+    final _NodesToJsonifyStack childrenToJsonify =
+        ListQueue<(DiagnosticsNode, void Function(_JsonDiagnosticsNode))>();
+    _JsonDiagnosticsNode result = <String, Object?>{};
+    assert(() {
+      result = _toJson(
+        delegate,
+        childrenToJsonify: childrenToJsonify,
+      );
+      _jsonifyNextNodesInStack(
+        childrenToJsonify,
+        delegate: delegate,
+      );
+      return true;
+    }());
+    return result;
+  }
+
   /// Serializes a [List] of [DiagnosticsNode]s to a JSON list according to
   /// the configuration provided by the [DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate].
   ///
@@ -1672,9 +1702,8 @@ abstract class DiagnosticsNode {
   static List<Map<String, Object?>> toJsonList(
     List<DiagnosticsNode>? nodes,
     DiagnosticsNode? parent,
-    DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate, {
-    bool fullDetails = true,
-  }) {
+    DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate,
+  ) {
     bool truncated = false;
     if (nodes == null) {
       return const <Map<String, Object?>>[];
@@ -1685,11 +1714,9 @@ abstract class DiagnosticsNode {
       nodes.add(DiagnosticsNode.message('...'));
       truncated = true;
     }
-    final List<Map<String, Object?>> json = nodes.map<Map<String, Object?>>((DiagnosticsNode node) {
-      return node.toJsonMap(
-        delegate.delegateForNode(node),
-        fullDetails: fullDetails,
-      );
+    final List<_JsonDiagnosticsNode> json =
+        nodes.map<_JsonDiagnosticsNode>((DiagnosticsNode node) {
+      return node.toJsonMap(delegate.delegateForNode(node));
     }).toList();
     if (truncated) {
       json.last['truncated'] = true;
@@ -1803,6 +1830,73 @@ abstract class DiagnosticsNode {
     }());
     return result;
   }
+
+  void _jsonifyNextNodesInStack(
+    _NodesToJsonifyStack toJsonify, {
+    required DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate,
+  }) {
+    while (toJsonify.isNotEmpty) {
+      final (
+        DiagnosticsNode nextNode,
+        void Function(_JsonDiagnosticsNode) callback
+      ) = toJsonify.removeFirst();
+      final _JsonDiagnosticsNode nodeAsJson = nextNode._toJson(
+        delegate,
+        childrenToJsonify: toJsonify,
+      );
+      callback(nodeAsJson);
+    }
+  }
+
+  Map<String, Object?> _toJson(
+    DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate, {
+    required _NodesToJsonifyStack childrenToJsonify,
+  }) {
+    final List<_JsonDiagnosticsNode> childrenJsonList =
+        <_JsonDiagnosticsNode>[];
+    final bool includeChildren =
+        getChildren().isNotEmpty && delegate.subtreeDepth > 0;
+
+    // Collect the children nodes to convert to JSON later.
+    bool truncated = false;
+    if (includeChildren) {
+      List<DiagnosticsNode> childrenNodes =
+          delegate.filterChildren(getChildren(), this);
+      final int originalNodeCount = childrenNodes.length;
+      childrenNodes = delegate.truncateNodesList(childrenNodes, this);
+      if (childrenNodes.length != originalNodeCount) {
+        childrenNodes.add(DiagnosticsNode.message('...'));
+        truncated = true;
+      }
+      for (final DiagnosticsNode child in childrenNodes) {
+        childrenToJsonify.add((
+          child,
+          (_JsonDiagnosticsNode jsonChild) {
+            childrenJsonList.add(jsonChild);
+          }
+        ));
+      }
+    }
+
+    final String description = toDescription();
+    final String widgetRuntimeType =
+        description == '[root]' ? 'RootWidget' : description.split('-').first;
+    final bool shouldIndent = style != DiagnosticsTreeStyle.flat &&
+        style != DiagnosticsTreeStyle.error;
+
+    return <String, Object?>{
+      'description': description,
+      'shouldIndent': shouldIndent,
+      // TODO(elliette): This can be removed to reduce the JSON response even
+      // further once DevTools computes the widget runtime type from the
+      // description instead, see:
+      // https://github.com/flutter/devtools/issues/8556
+      'widgetRuntimeType': widgetRuntimeType,
+      'truncated': truncated,
+      ...delegate.additionalNodeProperties(this, fullDetails: false),
+      if (includeChildren) 'children': childrenJsonList,
+    };
+  }
 }
 
 /// Debugging message displayed like a property.
@@ -1872,17 +1966,8 @@ class StringProperty extends DiagnosticsProperty<String> {
   final bool quoted;
 
   @override
-  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(
-    DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate, {
-    bool fullDetails = true,
-  }) {
-    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(
-      delegate,
-      fullDetails: fullDetails,
-    );
-    if (!fullDetails) {
-      return json;
-    }
+  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate) {
+    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(delegate);
     json['quoted'] = quoted;
     return json;
   }
@@ -1937,18 +2022,8 @@ abstract class _NumProperty<T extends num> extends DiagnosticsProperty<T> {
   }) : super.lazy();
 
   @override
-  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(
-    DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate, {
-    bool fullDetails = true,
-  }) {
-    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(
-      delegate,
-      fullDetails: fullDetails,
-    );
-    if (!fullDetails) {
-      return json;
-    }
-
+  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate) {
+    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(delegate);
     if (unit != null) {
       json['unit'] = unit;
     }
@@ -2131,17 +2206,8 @@ class FlagProperty extends DiagnosticsProperty<bool> {
        );
 
   @override
-  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(
-    DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate, {
-    bool fullDetails = true,
-  }) {
-    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(
-      delegate,
-      fullDetails: fullDetails,
-    );
-    if (!fullDetails) {
-      return json;
-    }
+  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate) {
+    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(delegate);
     if (ifTrue != null) {
       json['ifTrue'] = ifTrue;
     }
@@ -2262,17 +2328,8 @@ class IterableProperty<T> extends DiagnosticsProperty<Iterable<T>> {
   }
 
   @override
-  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(
-    DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate, {
-    bool fullDetails = true,
-  }) {
-    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(
-      delegate,
-      fullDetails: fullDetails,
-    );
-    if (!fullDetails) {
-      return json;
-    }
+  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate) {
+    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(delegate);
     if (value != null) {
       json['values'] = value!.map<String>((T value) => value.toString()).toList();
     }
@@ -2409,17 +2466,8 @@ class ObjectFlagProperty<T> extends DiagnosticsProperty<T> {
   }
 
   @override
-  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(
-    DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate, {
-    bool fullDetails = true,
-  }) {
-    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(
-      delegate,
-      fullDetails: fullDetails,
-    );
-    if (!fullDetails) {
-      return json;
-    }
+  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate) {
+    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(delegate);
     if (ifPresent != null) {
       json['ifPresent'] = ifPresent;
     }
@@ -2496,17 +2544,8 @@ class FlagsSummary<T> extends DiagnosticsProperty<Map<String, T?>> {
   }
 
   @override
-  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(
-    DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate, {
-    bool fullDetails = true,
-  }) {
-    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(
-      delegate,
-      fullDetails: fullDetails,
-    );
-    if (!fullDetails) {
-      return json;
-    }
+  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate) {
+    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(delegate);
     if (value.isNotEmpty) {
       json['values'] = _formattedValues().toList();
     }
@@ -2625,10 +2664,7 @@ class DiagnosticsProperty<T> extends DiagnosticsNode {
   final bool allowNameWrap;
 
   @override
-  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(
-    DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate, {
-    bool fullDetails = true,
-  }) {
+  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate) {
     final T? v = value;
     List<Map<String, Object?>>? properties;
     if (delegate.expandPropertyValues && delegate.includeProperties && v is Diagnosticable && getProperties().isEmpty) {
@@ -2638,16 +2674,9 @@ class DiagnosticsProperty<T> extends DiagnosticsNode {
         delegate.filterProperties(v.toDiagnosticsNode().getProperties(), this),
         this,
         delegate,
-        fullDetails: fullDetails,
       );
     }
-    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(
-      delegate,
-      fullDetails: fullDetails,
-    );
-    if (!fullDetails) {
-      return json;
-    }
+    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(delegate);
     if (properties != null) {
       json['properties'] = properties;
     }

packages/flutter/lib/src/painting/colors.dart

@@ -495,17 +495,8 @@ class ColorProperty extends DiagnosticsProperty<Color> {
   });
 
   @override
-  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(
-    DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate, {
-    bool fullDetails = true,
-  }) {
-    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(
-      delegate,
-      fullDetails: fullDetails,
-    );
-    if (!fullDetails) {
-      return json;
-    }
+  Map<String, Object?> toJsonMap(DiagnosticsSerializationDelegate delegate) {
+    final Map<String, Object?> json = super.toJsonMap(delegate);
     if (value != null) {
       json['valueProperties'] = <String, Object>{
         'red': value!.red,