Rollup merge of rust-lang#21237 - erickt:derive-assoc-types, r=erickt

This PR adds support for associated types to the `#[derive(...)]` syntax extension. In order to do this, it switches over to using where predicates to apply the type constraints. So now this:

```rust
type Trait {
    type Type;
}

#[derive(Clone)]
struct Foo<A> where A: Trait {
    a: A,
    b: <A as Trait>::Type,
}
```

Gets expended into this impl:

```rust
impl<A: Clone> Clone for Foo<A> where
    A: Trait,
    <A as Trait>::Type: Clone,
{
    fn clone(&self) -> Foo<T> {
        Foo {
            a: self.a.clone(),
            b: self.b.clone(),
        }
    }
}
```

Author: erickt

src/libsyntax/ext/deriving/generic/mod.rs

@@ -332,6 +332,46 @@ pub fn combine_substructure<'a>(f: CombineSubstructureFunc<'a>)
     RefCell::new(f)
 }
 
+/// This method helps to extract all the type parameters referenced from a
+/// type. For a type parameter `<T>`, it looks for either a `TyPath` that
+/// is not global and starts with `T`, or a `TyQPath`.
+fn find_type_parameters(ty: &ast::Ty, ty_param_names: &[ast::Name]) -> Vec<P<ast::Ty>> {
+    use visit;
+
+    struct Visitor<'a> {
+        ty_param_names: &'a [ast::Name],
+        types: Vec<P<ast::Ty>>,
+    }
+
+    impl<'a> visit::Visitor<'a> for Visitor<'a> {
+        fn visit_ty(&mut self, ty: &'a ast::Ty) {
+            match ty.node {
+                ast::TyPath(_, ref path) if !path.global => {
+                    match path.segments.first() {
+                        Some(segment) => {
+                            if self.ty_param_names.contains(&segment.identifier.name) {
+                                self.types.push(P(ty.clone()));
+                            }
+                        }
+                        None => {}
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+
+            visit::walk_ty(self, ty)
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut visitor = Visitor {
+        ty_param_names: ty_param_names,
+        types: Vec::new(),
+    };
+
+    visit::Visitor::visit_ty(&mut visitor, ty);
+
+    visitor.types
+}
 
 impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
     pub fn expand<F>(&self,
@@ -374,18 +414,42 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
         }))
     }
 
-    /// Given that we are deriving a trait `Tr` for a type `T<'a, ...,
-    /// 'z, A, ..., Z>`, creates an impl like:
+    /// Given that we are deriving a trait `DerivedTrait` for a type like:
     ///
     /// ```ignore
-    /// impl<'a, ..., 'z, A:Tr B1 B2, ..., Z: Tr B1 B2> Tr for T<A, ..., Z> { ... }
+    /// struct Struct<'a, ..., 'z, A, B: DeclaredTrait, C, ..., Z> where C: WhereTrait {
+    ///     a: A,
+    ///     b: B::Item,
+    ///     b1: <B as DeclaredTrait>::Item,
+    ///     c1: <C as WhereTrait>::Item,
+    ///     c2: Option<<C as WhereTrait>::Item>,
+    ///     ...
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// create an impl like:
+    ///
+    /// ```ignore
+    /// impl<'a, ..., 'z, A, B: DeclaredTrait, C, ...  Z> where
+    ///     C:                       WhereTrait,
+    ///     A: DerivedTrait + B1 + ... + BN,
+    ///     B: DerivedTrait + B1 + ... + BN,
+    ///     C: DerivedTrait + B1 + ... + BN,
+    ///     B::Item:                 DerivedTrait + B1 + ... + BN,
+    ///     <C as WhereTrait>::Item: DerivedTrait + B1 + ... + BN,
+    ///     ...
+    /// {
+    ///     ...
+    /// }
     /// ```
     ///
-    /// where B1, B2, ... are the bounds given by `bounds_paths`.'
+    /// where B1, ..., BN are the bounds given by `bounds_paths`.'. Z is a phantom type, and
+    /// therefore does not get bound by the derived trait.
     fn create_derived_impl(&self,
                            cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                            type_ident: Ident,
                            generics: &Generics,
+                           field_tys: Vec<P<ast::Ty>>,
                            methods: Vec<P<ast::ImplItem>>) -> P<ast::Item> {
         let trait_path = self.path.to_path(cx, self.span, type_ident, generics);
 
@@ -466,6 +530,35 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
             }
         }));
 
+        if !ty_params.is_empty() {
+            let ty_param_names: Vec<ast::Name> = ty_params.iter()
+                .map(|ty_param| ty_param.ident.name)
+                .collect();
+
+            for field_ty in field_tys.into_iter() {
+                let tys = find_type_parameters(&*field_ty, &ty_param_names);
+
+                for ty in tys.into_iter() {
+                    let mut bounds: Vec<_> = self.additional_bounds.iter().map(|p| {
+                        cx.typarambound(p.to_path(cx, self.span, type_ident, generics))
+                    }).collect();
+
+                    // require the current trait
+                    bounds.push(cx.typarambound(trait_path.clone()));
+
+                    let predicate = ast::WhereBoundPredicate {
+                        span: self.span,
+                        bound_lifetimes: vec![],
+                        bounded_ty: ty,
+                        bounds: OwnedSlice::from_vec(bounds),
+                    };
+
+                    let predicate = ast::WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(predicate);
+                    where_clause.predicates.push(predicate);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         let trait_generics = Generics {
             lifetimes: lifetimes,
             ty_params: OwnedSlice::from_vec(ty_params),
@@ -518,6 +611,10 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                          struct_def: &StructDef,
                          type_ident: Ident,
                          generics: &Generics) -> P<ast::Item> {
+        let field_tys: Vec<P<ast::Ty>> = struct_def.fields.iter()
+            .map(|field| field.node.ty.clone())
+            .collect();
+
         let methods = self.methods.iter().map(|method_def| {
             let (explicit_self, self_args, nonself_args, tys) =
                 method_def.split_self_nonself_args(
@@ -550,14 +647,29 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                                      body)
         }).collect();
 
-        self.create_derived_impl(cx, type_ident, generics, methods)
+        self.create_derived_impl(cx, type_ident, generics, field_tys, methods)
     }
 
     fn expand_enum_def(&self,
                        cx: &mut ExtCtxt,
                        enum_def: &EnumDef,
                        type_ident: Ident,
                        generics: &Generics) -> P<ast::Item> {
+        let mut field_tys = Vec::new();
+
+        for variant in enum_def.variants.iter() {
+            match variant.node.kind {
+                ast::VariantKind::TupleVariantKind(ref args) => {
+                    field_tys.extend(args.iter()
+                        .map(|arg| arg.ty.clone()));
+                }
+                ast::VariantKind::StructVariantKind(ref args) => {
+                    field_tys.extend(args.fields.iter()
+                        .map(|field| field.node.ty.clone()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         let methods = self.methods.iter().map(|method_def| {
             let (explicit_self, self_args, nonself_args, tys) =
                 method_def.split_self_nonself_args(cx, self,
@@ -590,7 +702,7 @@ impl<'a> TraitDef<'a> {
                                      body)
         }).collect();
 
-        self.create_derived_impl(cx, type_ident, generics, methods)
+        self.create_derived_impl(cx, type_ident, generics, field_tys, methods)
     }
 }
 

src/test/auxiliary/struct_variant_xc_aux.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #![crate_name="struct_variant_xc_aux"]
 #![crate_type = "lib"]
 
+#[derive(Copy)]
 pub enum Enum {
     Variant(u8),
     StructVariant { arg: u8 }

src/test/compile-fail/derive-assoc-type-not-impl.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2015 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
+// file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
+// http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+trait Foo {
+    type X;
+    fn method(&self) {}
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct Bar<T: Foo> {
+    x: T::X,
+}
+
+struct NotClone;
+
+impl Foo for NotClone {
+    type X = i8;
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    Bar::<NotClone> { x: 1 }.clone(); //~ ERROR
+}