test_enum.py

import copy
import enum
import doctest
import inspect
import os
import pydoc
import sys
import unittest
import threading
import typing
import builtins as bltns
from collections import OrderedDict
from datetime import date
from enum import Enum, EnumMeta, IntEnum, StrEnum, EnumType, Flag, IntFlag, unique, auto
from enum import STRICT, CONFORM, EJECT, KEEP, _simple_enum, _test_simple_enum
from enum import verify, UNIQUE, CONTINUOUS, NAMED_FLAGS, ReprEnum
from enum import member, nonmember, _iter_bits_lsb
from io import StringIO
from pickle import dumps, loads, PicklingError, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL
from test import support
from test.support import ALWAYS_EQ
from test.support import threading_helper
from datetime import timedelta

python_version = sys.version_info[:2]

def load_tests(loader, tests, ignore):
    tests.addTests(doctest.DocTestSuite(enum))
    if os.path.exists('Doc/library/enum.rst'):
        tests.addTests(doctest.DocFileSuite(
                '../../Doc/library/enum.rst',
                optionflags=doctest.ELLIPSIS|doctest.NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE,
                ))
    return tests

MODULE = __name__
SHORT_MODULE = MODULE.split('.')[-1]

# for pickle tests
try:
    class Stooges(Enum):
        LARRY = 1
        CURLY = 2
        MOE = 3
except Exception as exc:
    Stooges = exc

try:
    class IntStooges(int, Enum):
        LARRY = 1
        CURLY = 2
        MOE = 3
except Exception as exc:
    IntStooges = exc

try:
    class FloatStooges(float, Enum):
        LARRY = 1.39
        CURLY = 2.72
        MOE = 3.142596
except Exception as exc:
    FloatStooges = exc

try:
    class FlagStooges(Flag):
        LARRY = 1
        CURLY = 2
        MOE = 4
except Exception as exc:
    FlagStooges = exc

class FlagStoogesWithZero(Flag):
    NOFLAG = 0
    LARRY = 1
    CURLY = 2
    MOE = 4

class IntFlagStooges(IntFlag):
    LARRY = 1
    CURLY = 2
    MOE = 4

class IntFlagStoogesWithZero(IntFlag):
    NOFLAG = 0
    LARRY = 1
    CURLY = 2
    MOE = 4

# for pickle test and subclass tests
class Name(StrEnum):
    BDFL = 'Guido van Rossum'
    FLUFL = 'Barry Warsaw'

try:
    Question = Enum('Question', 'who what when where why', module=__name__)
except Exception as exc:
    Question = exc

try:
    Answer = Enum('Answer', 'him this then there because')
except Exception as exc:
    Answer = exc

try:
    Theory = Enum('Theory', 'rule law supposition', qualname='spanish_inquisition')
except Exception as exc:
    Theory = exc

# for doctests
try:
    class Fruit(Enum):
        TOMATO = 1
        BANANA = 2
        CHERRY = 3
except Exception:
    pass

def test_pickle_dump_load(assertion, source, target=None):
    if target is None:
        target = source
    for protocol in range(HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
        assertion(loads(dumps(source, protocol=protocol)), target)

def test_pickle_exception(assertion, exception, obj):
    for protocol in range(HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1):
        with assertion(exception):
            dumps(obj, protocol=protocol)

class TestHelpers(unittest.TestCase):
    # _is_descriptor, _is_sunder, _is_dunder

    sunder_names = '_bad_', '_good_', '_what_ho_'
    dunder_names = '__mal__', '__bien__', '__que_que__'
    private_names = '_MyEnum__private', '_MyEnum__still_private'
    private_and_sunder_names = '_MyEnum__private_', '_MyEnum__also_private_'
    random_names = 'okay', '_semi_private', '_weird__', '_MyEnum__'

    def test_is_descriptor(self):
        class foo:
            pass
        for attr in ('__get__','__set__','__delete__'):
            obj = foo()
            self.assertFalse(enum._is_descriptor(obj))
            setattr(obj, attr, 1)
            self.assertTrue(enum._is_descriptor(obj))

    def test_sunder(self):
        for name in self.sunder_names + self.private_and_sunder_names:
            self.assertTrue(enum._is_sunder(name), '%r is a not sunder name?' % name)
        for name in self.dunder_names + self.private_names + self.random_names:
            self.assertFalse(enum._is_sunder(name), '%r is a sunder name?' % name)
        for s in ('_a_', '_aa_'):
            self.assertTrue(enum._is_sunder(s))
        for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '__a__', '_a__', '__a_', '_',
                '__', '___', '____', '_____',):
            self.assertFalse(enum._is_sunder(s))

    def test_dunder(self):
        for name in self.dunder_names:
            self.assertTrue(enum._is_dunder(name), '%r is a not dunder name?' % name)
        for name in self.sunder_names + self.private_names + self.private_and_sunder_names + self.random_names:
            self.assertFalse(enum._is_dunder(name), '%r is a dunder name?' % name)
        for s in ('__a__', '__aa__'):
            self.assertTrue(enum._is_dunder(s))
        for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '_a_', '_a__', '__a_', '_',
                '__', '___', '____', '_____',):
            self.assertFalse(enum._is_dunder(s))


    def test_is_private(self):
        for name in self.private_names + self.private_and_sunder_names:
            self.assertTrue(enum._is_private('MyEnum', name), '%r is a not private name?')
        for name in self.sunder_names + self.dunder_names + self.random_names:
            self.assertFalse(enum._is_private('MyEnum', name), '%r is a private name?')

    def test_iter_bits_lsb(self):
        self.assertEqual(list(_iter_bits_lsb(7)), [1, 2, 4])
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, '-8 is not a positive integer', list, _iter_bits_lsb(-8))


# for subclassing tests

class classproperty:

    def __init__(self, fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None):
        self.fget = fget
        self.fset = fset
        self.fdel = fdel
        if doc is None and fget is not None:
            doc = fget.__doc__
        self.__doc__ = doc

    def __get__(self, instance, ownerclass):
        return self.fget(ownerclass)

# for global repr tests

@enum.global_enum
class HeadlightsK(IntFlag, boundary=enum.KEEP):
    OFF_K = 0
    LOW_BEAM_K = auto()
    HIGH_BEAM_K = auto()
    FOG_K = auto()


@enum.global_enum
class HeadlightsC(IntFlag, boundary=enum.CONFORM):
    OFF_C = 0
    LOW_BEAM_C = auto()
    HIGH_BEAM_C = auto()
    FOG_C = auto()


@enum.global_enum
class NoName(Flag):
    ONE = 1
    TWO = 2


# tests

class _EnumTests:
    """
    Test for behavior that is the same across the different types of enumerations.
    """

    values = None

    def setUp(self):
        class BaseEnum(self.enum_type):
            @enum.property
            def first(self):
                return '%s is first!' % self.name
        class MainEnum(BaseEnum):
            first = auto()
            second = auto()
            third = auto()
            if issubclass(self.enum_type, Flag):
                dupe = 3
            else:
                dupe = third
        self.MainEnum = MainEnum
        #
        class NewStrEnum(self.enum_type):
            def __str__(self):
                return self.name.upper()
            first = auto()
        self.NewStrEnum = NewStrEnum
        #
        class NewFormatEnum(self.enum_type):
            def __format__(self, spec):
                return self.name.upper()
            first = auto()
        self.NewFormatEnum = NewFormatEnum
        #
        class NewStrFormatEnum(self.enum_type):
            def __str__(self):
                return self.name.title()
            def __format__(self, spec):
                return ''.join(reversed(self.name))
            first = auto()
        self.NewStrFormatEnum = NewStrFormatEnum
        #
        class NewBaseEnum(self.enum_type):
            def __str__(self):
                return self.name.title()
            def __format__(self, spec):
                return ''.join(reversed(self.name))
        class NewSubEnum(NewBaseEnum):
            first = auto()
        self.NewSubEnum = NewSubEnum
        #
        class LazyGNV(self.enum_type):
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, last, values):
                pass
        self.LazyGNV = LazyGNV
        #
        class BusyGNV(self.enum_type):
            @staticmethod
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, last, values):
                pass
        self.BusyGNV = BusyGNV
        #
        self.is_flag = False
        self.names = ['first', 'second', 'third']
        if issubclass(MainEnum, StrEnum):
            self.values = self.names
        elif MainEnum._member_type_ is str:
            self.values = ['1', '2', '3']
        elif issubclass(self.enum_type, Flag):
            self.values = [1, 2, 4]
            self.is_flag = True
            self.dupe2 = MainEnum(5)
        else:
            self.values = self.values or [1, 2, 3]
        #
        if not getattr(self, 'source_values', False):
            self.source_values = self.values

    def assertFormatIsValue(self, spec, member):
        self.assertEqual(spec.format(member), spec.format(member.value))

    def assertFormatIsStr(self, spec, member):
        self.assertEqual(spec.format(member), spec.format(str(member)))

    def test_attribute_deletion(self):
        class Season(self.enum_type):
            SPRING = auto()
            SUMMER = auto()
            AUTUMN = auto()
            #
            def spam(cls):
                pass
        #
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(Season, 'spam'))
        del Season.spam
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Season, 'spam'))
        #
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            del Season.SPRING
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            del Season.DRY
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            del Season.SPRING.name

    def test_basics(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        if self.is_flag:
            self.assertEqual(repr(TE), "<flag 'MainEnum'>")
            self.assertEqual(str(TE), "<flag 'MainEnum'>")
            self.assertEqual(format(TE), "<flag 'MainEnum'>")
            self.assertTrue(TE(5) is self.dupe2)
        else:
            self.assertEqual(repr(TE), "<enum 'MainEnum'>")
            self.assertEqual(str(TE), "<enum 'MainEnum'>")
            self.assertEqual(format(TE), "<enum 'MainEnum'>")
        self.assertEqual(list(TE), [TE.first, TE.second, TE.third])
        self.assertEqual(
                [m.name for m in TE],
                self.names,
                )
        self.assertEqual(
                [m.value for m in TE],
                self.values,
                )
        self.assertEqual(
                [m.first for m in TE],
                ['first is first!', 'second is first!', 'third is first!']
                )
        for member, name in zip(TE, self.names, strict=True):
            self.assertIs(TE[name], member)
        for member, value in zip(TE, self.values, strict=True):
            self.assertIs(TE(value), member)
        if issubclass(TE, StrEnum):
            self.assertTrue(TE.dupe is TE('third') is TE['dupe'])
        elif TE._member_type_ is str:
            self.assertTrue(TE.dupe is TE('3') is TE['dupe'])
        elif issubclass(TE, Flag):
            self.assertTrue(TE.dupe is TE(3) is TE['dupe'])
        else:
            self.assertTrue(TE.dupe is TE(self.values[2]) is TE['dupe'])

    def test_bool_is_true(self):
        class Empty(self.enum_type):
            pass
        self.assertTrue(Empty)
        #
        self.assertTrue(self.MainEnum)
        for member in self.MainEnum:
            self.assertTrue(member)

    def test_changing_member_fails(self):
        MainEnum = self.MainEnum
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            self.MainEnum.second = 'really first'

    def test_contains_tf(self):
        MainEnum = self.MainEnum
        self.assertIn(MainEnum.first, MainEnum)
        self.assertTrue(self.values[0] in MainEnum)
        if type(self) is not TestStrEnum:
            self.assertFalse('first' in MainEnum)
        val = MainEnum.dupe
        self.assertIn(val, MainEnum)
        #
        class OtherEnum(Enum):
            one = auto()
            two = auto()
        self.assertNotIn(OtherEnum.two, MainEnum)
        #
        if MainEnum._member_type_ is object:
            # enums without mixed data types will always be False
            class NotEqualEnum(self.enum_type):
                this = self.source_values[0]
                that = self.source_values[1]
            self.assertNotIn(NotEqualEnum.this, MainEnum)
            self.assertNotIn(NotEqualEnum.that, MainEnum)
        else:
            # enums with mixed data types may be True
            class EqualEnum(self.enum_type):
                this = self.source_values[0]
                that = self.source_values[1]
            self.assertIn(EqualEnum.this, MainEnum)
            self.assertIn(EqualEnum.that, MainEnum)

    def test_contains_same_name_diff_enum_diff_values(self):
        MainEnum = self.MainEnum
        #
        class OtherEnum(Enum):
            first = "brand"
            second = "new"
            third = "values"
        #
        self.assertIn(MainEnum.first, MainEnum)
        self.assertIn(MainEnum.second, MainEnum)
        self.assertIn(MainEnum.third, MainEnum)
        self.assertNotIn(MainEnum.first, OtherEnum)
        self.assertNotIn(MainEnum.second, OtherEnum)
        self.assertNotIn(MainEnum.third, OtherEnum)
        #
        self.assertIn(OtherEnum.first, OtherEnum)
        self.assertIn(OtherEnum.second, OtherEnum)
        self.assertIn(OtherEnum.third, OtherEnum)
        self.assertNotIn(OtherEnum.first, MainEnum)
        self.assertNotIn(OtherEnum.second, MainEnum)
        self.assertNotIn(OtherEnum.third, MainEnum)

    def test_dir_on_class(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        self.assertEqual(set(dir(TE)), set(enum_dir(TE)))

    def test_dir_on_item(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        self.assertEqual(set(dir(TE.first)), set(member_dir(TE.first)))

    def test_dir_with_added_behavior(self):
        class Test(self.enum_type):
            this = auto()
            these = auto()
            def wowser(self):
                return ("Wowser! I'm %s!" % self.name)
        self.assertTrue('wowser' not in dir(Test))
        self.assertTrue('wowser' in dir(Test.this))

    def test_dir_on_sub_with_behavior_on_super(self):
        # see issue22506
        class SuperEnum(self.enum_type):
            def invisible(self):
                return "did you see me?"
        class SubEnum(SuperEnum):
            sample = auto()
        self.assertTrue('invisible' not in dir(SubEnum))
        self.assertTrue('invisible' in dir(SubEnum.sample))

    def test_dir_on_sub_with_behavior_including_instance_dict_on_super(self):
        # see issue40084
        class SuperEnum(self.enum_type):
            def __new__(cls, *value, **kwds):
                new = self.enum_type._member_type_.__new__
                if self.enum_type._member_type_ is object:
                    obj = new(cls)
                else:
                    if isinstance(value[0], tuple):
                        create_value ,= value[0]
                    else:
                        create_value = value
                    obj = new(cls, *create_value)
                obj._value_ = value[0] if len(value) == 1 else value
                obj.description = 'test description'
                return obj
        class SubEnum(SuperEnum):
            sample = self.source_values[1]
        self.assertTrue('description' not in dir(SubEnum))
        self.assertTrue('description' in dir(SubEnum.sample), dir(SubEnum.sample))

    def test_enum_in_enum_out(self):
        Main = self.MainEnum
        self.assertIs(Main(Main.first), Main.first)

    def test_gnv_is_static(self):
        lazy = self.LazyGNV
        busy = self.BusyGNV
        self.assertTrue(type(lazy.__dict__['_generate_next_value_']) is staticmethod)
        self.assertTrue(type(busy.__dict__['_generate_next_value_']) is staticmethod)

    def test_hash(self):
        MainEnum = self.MainEnum
        mapping = {}
        mapping[MainEnum.first] = '1225'
        mapping[MainEnum.second] = '0315'
        mapping[MainEnum.third] = '0704'
        self.assertEqual(mapping[MainEnum.second], '0315')

    def test_invalid_names(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            class Wrong(self.enum_type):
                mro = 9
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            class Wrong(self.enum_type):
                _create_= 11
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            class Wrong(self.enum_type):
                _get_mixins_ = 9
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            class Wrong(self.enum_type):
                _find_new_ = 1
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            class Wrong(self.enum_type):
                _any_name_ = 9

    def test_object_str_override(self):
        "check that setting __str__ to object's is not reset to Enum's"
        class Generic(self.enum_type):
            item = self.source_values[2]
            def __repr__(self):
                return "%s.test" % (self._name_, )
            __str__ = object.__str__
        self.assertEqual(str(Generic.item), 'item.test')

    def test_overridden_str(self):
        NS = self.NewStrEnum
        self.assertEqual(str(NS.first), NS.first.name.upper())
        self.assertEqual(format(NS.first), NS.first.name.upper())

    def test_overridden_str_format(self):
        NSF = self.NewStrFormatEnum
        self.assertEqual(str(NSF.first), NSF.first.name.title())
        self.assertEqual(format(NSF.first), ''.join(reversed(NSF.first.name)))

    def test_overridden_str_format_inherited(self):
        NSE = self.NewSubEnum
        self.assertEqual(str(NSE.first), NSE.first.name.title())
        self.assertEqual(format(NSE.first), ''.join(reversed(NSE.first.name)))

    def test_programmatic_function_string(self):
        MinorEnum = self.enum_type('MinorEnum', 'june july august')
        lst = list(MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(MinorEnum))
        self.assertEqual(len(MinorEnum), 3, MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(
                [MinorEnum.june, MinorEnum.july, MinorEnum.august],
                lst,
                )
        values = self.values
        if self.enum_type is StrEnum:
            values = ['june','july','august']
        for month, av in zip('june july august'.split(), values):
            e = MinorEnum[month]
            self.assertEqual(e.value, av, list(MinorEnum))
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            if MinorEnum._member_type_ is not object and issubclass(MinorEnum, MinorEnum._member_type_):
                self.assertEqual(e, av)
            else:
                self.assertNotEqual(e, av)
            self.assertIn(e, MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(type(e), MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(e, MinorEnum(av))

    def test_programmatic_function_string_list(self):
        MinorEnum = self.enum_type('MinorEnum', ['june', 'july', 'august'])
        lst = list(MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(MinorEnum))
        self.assertEqual(len(MinorEnum), 3, MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(
                [MinorEnum.june, MinorEnum.july, MinorEnum.august],
                lst,
                )
        values = self.values
        if self.enum_type is StrEnum:
            values = ['june','july','august']
        for month, av in zip('june july august'.split(), values):
            e = MinorEnum[month]
            self.assertEqual(e.value, av)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            if MinorEnum._member_type_ is not object and issubclass(MinorEnum, MinorEnum._member_type_):
                self.assertEqual(e, av)
            else:
                self.assertNotEqual(e, av)
            self.assertIn(e, MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(type(e), MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(e, MinorEnum(av))

    def test_programmatic_function_iterable(self):
        MinorEnum = self.enum_type(
                'MinorEnum',
                (('june', self.source_values[0]), ('july', self.source_values[1]), ('august', self.source_values[2]))
                )
        lst = list(MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(MinorEnum))
        self.assertEqual(len(MinorEnum), 3, MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(
                [MinorEnum.june, MinorEnum.july, MinorEnum.august],
                lst,
                )
        for month, av in zip('june july august'.split(), self.values):
            e = MinorEnum[month]
            self.assertEqual(e.value, av)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            if MinorEnum._member_type_ is not object and issubclass(MinorEnum, MinorEnum._member_type_):
                self.assertEqual(e, av)
            else:
                self.assertNotEqual(e, av)
            self.assertIn(e, MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(type(e), MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(e, MinorEnum(av))

    def test_programmatic_function_from_dict(self):
        MinorEnum = self.enum_type(
                'MinorEnum',
                OrderedDict((('june', self.source_values[0]), ('july', self.source_values[1]), ('august', self.source_values[2])))
                )
        lst = list(MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(MinorEnum))
        self.assertEqual(len(MinorEnum), 3, MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(
                [MinorEnum.june, MinorEnum.july, MinorEnum.august],
                lst,
                )
        for month, av in zip('june july august'.split(), self.values):
            e = MinorEnum[month]
            if MinorEnum._member_type_ is not object and issubclass(MinorEnum, MinorEnum._member_type_):
                self.assertEqual(e, av)
            else:
                self.assertNotEqual(e, av)
            self.assertIn(e, MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(type(e), MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(e, MinorEnum(av))

    def test_repr(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        if self.is_flag:
            self.assertEqual(repr(TE(0)), "<MainEnum: 0>")
            self.assertEqual(repr(TE.dupe), "<MainEnum.dupe: 3>")
            self.assertEqual(repr(self.dupe2), "<MainEnum.first|third: 5>")
        elif issubclass(TE, StrEnum):
            self.assertEqual(repr(TE.dupe), "<MainEnum.third: 'third'>")
        else:
            self.assertEqual(repr(TE.dupe), "<MainEnum.third: %r>" % (self.values[2], ), TE._value_repr_)
        for name, value, member in zip(self.names, self.values, TE, strict=True):
            self.assertEqual(repr(member), "<MainEnum.%s: %r>" % (member.name, member.value))

    def test_repr_override(self):
        class Generic(self.enum_type):
            first = auto()
            second = auto()
            third = auto()
            def __repr__(self):
                return "don't you just love shades of %s?" % self.name
        self.assertEqual(
                repr(Generic.third),
                "don't you just love shades of third?",
                )

    def test_inherited_repr(self):
        class MyEnum(self.enum_type):
            def __repr__(self):
                return "My name is %s." % self.name
        class MySubEnum(MyEnum):
            this = auto()
            that = auto()
            theother = auto()
        self.assertEqual(repr(MySubEnum.that), "My name is that.")

    def test_multiple_superclasses_repr(self):
        class _EnumSuperClass(metaclass=EnumMeta):
            pass
        class E(_EnumSuperClass, Enum):
            A = 1
        self.assertEqual(repr(E.A), "<E.A: 1>")

    def test_reversed_iteration_order(self):
        self.assertEqual(
                list(reversed(self.MainEnum)),
                [self.MainEnum.third, self.MainEnum.second, self.MainEnum.first],
                )

class _PlainOutputTests:

    def test_str(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        if self.is_flag:
            self.assertEqual(str(TE(0)), "MainEnum(0)")
            self.assertEqual(str(TE.dupe), "MainEnum.dupe")
            self.assertEqual(str(self.dupe2), "MainEnum.first|third")
        else:
            self.assertEqual(str(TE.dupe), "MainEnum.third")
        for name, value, member in zip(self.names, self.values, TE, strict=True):
            self.assertEqual(str(member), "MainEnum.%s" % (member.name, ))

    def test_format(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        if self.is_flag:
            self.assertEqual(format(TE.dupe), "MainEnum.dupe")
            self.assertEqual(format(self.dupe2), "MainEnum.first|third")
        else:
            self.assertEqual(format(TE.dupe), "MainEnum.third")
        for name, value, member in zip(self.names, self.values, TE, strict=True):
            self.assertEqual(format(member), "MainEnum.%s" % (member.name, ))

    def test_overridden_format(self):
        NF = self.NewFormatEnum
        self.assertEqual(str(NF.first), "NewFormatEnum.first", '%s %r' % (NF.__str__, NF.first))
        self.assertEqual(format(NF.first), "FIRST")

    def test_format_specs(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{}', TE.second)
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{:}', TE.second)
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{:20}', TE.second)
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{:^20}', TE.second)
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{:>20}', TE.second)
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{:<20}', TE.second)
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{:5.2}', TE.second)


class _MixedOutputTests:

    def test_str(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        if self.is_flag:
            self.assertEqual(str(TE.dupe), "MainEnum.dupe")
            self.assertEqual(str(self.dupe2), "MainEnum.first|third")
        else:
            self.assertEqual(str(TE.dupe), "MainEnum.third")
        for name, value, member in zip(self.names, self.values, TE, strict=True):
            self.assertEqual(str(member), "MainEnum.%s" % (member.name, ))

    def test_format(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        if self.is_flag:
            self.assertEqual(format(TE.dupe), "MainEnum.dupe")
            self.assertEqual(format(self.dupe2), "MainEnum.first|third")
        else:
            self.assertEqual(format(TE.dupe), "MainEnum.third")
        for name, value, member in zip(self.names, self.values, TE, strict=True):
            self.assertEqual(format(member), "MainEnum.%s" % (member.name, ))

    def test_overridden_format(self):
        NF = self.NewFormatEnum
        self.assertEqual(str(NF.first), "NewFormatEnum.first")
        self.assertEqual(format(NF.first), "FIRST")

    def test_format_specs(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{}', TE.first)
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{:}', TE.first)
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{:20}', TE.first)
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{:^20}', TE.first)
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{:>20}', TE.first)
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{:<20}', TE.first)
        self.assertFormatIsStr('{:5.2}', TE.first)


class _MinimalOutputTests:

    def test_str(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        if self.is_flag:
            self.assertEqual(str(TE.dupe), "3")
            self.assertEqual(str(self.dupe2), "5")
        else:
            self.assertEqual(str(TE.dupe), str(self.values[2]))
        for name, value, member in zip(self.names, self.values, TE, strict=True):
            self.assertEqual(str(member), str(value))

    def test_format(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        if self.is_flag:
            self.assertEqual(format(TE.dupe), "3")
            self.assertEqual(format(self.dupe2), "5")
        else:
            self.assertEqual(format(TE.dupe), format(self.values[2]))
        for name, value, member in zip(self.names, self.values, TE, strict=True):
            self.assertEqual(format(member), format(value))

    def test_overridden_format(self):
        NF = self.NewFormatEnum
        self.assertEqual(str(NF.first), str(self.values[0]))
        self.assertEqual(format(NF.first), "FIRST")

    def test_format_specs(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        self.assertFormatIsValue('{}', TE.third)
        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:}', TE.third)
        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:20}', TE.third)
        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:^20}', TE.third)
        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:>20}', TE.third)
        self.assertFormatIsValue('{:<20}', TE.third)
        if TE._member_type_ is float:
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{:n}', TE.third)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{:5.2}', TE.third)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{:f}', TE.third)

    def test_copy(self):
        TE = self.MainEnum
        copied = copy.copy(TE)
        self.assertEqual(copied, TE)
        deep = copy.deepcopy(TE)
        self.assertEqual(deep, TE)


class _FlagTests:

    def test_default_missing_with_wrong_type_value(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
            ValueError,
            "'RED' is not a valid ",
            ) as ctx:
            self.MainEnum('RED')
        self.assertIs(ctx.exception.__context__, None)

class TestPlainEnum(_EnumTests, _PlainOutputTests, unittest.TestCase):
    enum_type = Enum


class TestPlainFlag(_EnumTests, _PlainOutputTests, _FlagTests, unittest.TestCase):
    enum_type = Flag


class TestIntEnum(_EnumTests, _MinimalOutputTests, unittest.TestCase):
    enum_type = IntEnum


class TestStrEnum(_EnumTests, _MinimalOutputTests, unittest.TestCase):
    enum_type = StrEnum


class TestIntFlag(_EnumTests, _MinimalOutputTests, _FlagTests, unittest.TestCase):
    enum_type = IntFlag


class TestMixedInt(_EnumTests, _MixedOutputTests, unittest.TestCase):
    class enum_type(int, Enum): pass


class TestMixedStr(_EnumTests, _MixedOutputTests, unittest.TestCase):
    class enum_type(str, Enum): pass


class TestMixedIntFlag(_EnumTests, _MixedOutputTests, _FlagTests, unittest.TestCase):
    class enum_type(int, Flag): pass


class TestMixedDate(_EnumTests, _MixedOutputTests, unittest.TestCase):

    values = [date(2021, 12, 25), date(2020, 3, 15), date(2019, 11, 27)]
    source_values = [(2021, 12, 25), (2020, 3, 15), (2019, 11, 27)]

    class enum_type(date, Enum):
        def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values):
            values = [(2021, 12, 25), (2020, 3, 15), (2019, 11, 27)]
            return values[count]


class TestMinimalDate(_EnumTests, _MinimalOutputTests, unittest.TestCase):

    values = [date(2023, 12, 1), date(2016, 2, 29), date(2009, 1, 1)]
    source_values = [(2023, 12, 1), (2016, 2, 29), (2009, 1, 1)]

    class enum_type(date, ReprEnum):
        def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values):
            values = [(2023, 12, 1), (2016, 2, 29), (2009, 1, 1)]
            return values[count]


class TestMixedFloat(_EnumTests, _MixedOutputTests, unittest.TestCase):

    values = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3]

    class enum_type(float, Enum):
        def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values):
            values = [1.1, 2.2, 3.3]
            return values[count]


class TestMinimalFloat(_EnumTests, _MinimalOutputTests, unittest.TestCase):

    values = [4.4, 5.5, 6.6]

    class enum_type(float, ReprEnum):
        def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values):
            values = [4.4, 5.5, 6.6]
            return values[count]


class TestSpecial(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    various operations that are not attributable to every possible enum
    """

    def setUp(self):
        class Season(Enum):
            SPRING = 1
            SUMMER = 2
            AUTUMN = 3
            WINTER = 4
        self.Season = Season
        #
        class Grades(IntEnum):
            A = 5
            B = 4
            C = 3
            D = 2
            F = 0
        self.Grades = Grades
        #
        class Directional(str, Enum):
            EAST = 'east'
            WEST = 'west'
            NORTH = 'north'
            SOUTH = 'south'
        self.Directional = Directional
        #
        from datetime import date
        class Holiday(date, Enum):
            NEW_YEAR = 2013, 1, 1
            IDES_OF_MARCH = 2013, 3, 15
        self.Holiday = Holiday

    def test_bool(self):
        # plain Enum members are always True
        class Logic(Enum):
            true = True
            false = False
        self.assertTrue(Logic.true)
        self.assertTrue(Logic.false)
        # unless overridden
        class RealLogic(Enum):
            true = True
            false = False
            def __bool__(self):
                return bool(self._value_)
        self.assertTrue(RealLogic.true)
        self.assertFalse(RealLogic.false)
        # mixed Enums depend on mixed-in type
        class IntLogic(int, Enum):
            true = 1
            false = 0
        self.assertTrue(IntLogic.true)
        self.assertFalse(IntLogic.false)

    def test_comparisons(self):
        Season = self.Season
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            Season.SPRING < Season.WINTER
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            Season.SPRING > 4
        #
        self.assertNotEqual(Season.SPRING, 1)
        #
        class Part(Enum):
            SPRING = 1
            CLIP = 2
            BARREL = 3
        #
        self.assertNotEqual(Season.SPRING, Part.SPRING)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            Season.SPRING < Part.CLIP

    @unittest.skip('to-do list')
    def test_dir_with_custom_dunders(self):
        class PlainEnum(Enum):
            pass
        cls_dir = dir(PlainEnum)
        self.assertNotIn('__repr__', cls_dir)
        self.assertNotIn('__str__', cls_dir)
        self.assertNotIn('__format__', cls_dir)
        self.assertNotIn('__init__', cls_dir)
        #
        class MyEnum(Enum):
            def __repr__(self):
                return object.__repr__(self)
            def __str__(self):
                return object.__repr__(self)
            def __format__(self):
                return object.__repr__(self)
            def __init__(self):
                pass
        cls_dir = dir(MyEnum)
        self.assertIn('__repr__', cls_dir)
        self.assertIn('__str__', cls_dir)
        self.assertIn('__format__', cls_dir)
        self.assertIn('__init__', cls_dir)

    def test_duplicate_name_error(self):
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            class Color(Enum):
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
                red = 4
        #
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            class Color(Enum):
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
                def red(self):
                    return 'red'
        #
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            class Color(Enum):
                @enum.property
                def red(self):
                    return 'redder'
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3

    def test_enum_function_with_qualname(self):
        if isinstance(Theory, Exception):
            raise Theory
        self.assertEqual(Theory.__qualname__, 'spanish_inquisition')

    def test_enum_of_types(self):
        """Support using Enum to refer to types deliberately."""
        class MyTypes(Enum):
            i = int
            f = float
            s = str
        self.assertEqual(MyTypes.i.value, int)
        self.assertEqual(MyTypes.f.value, float)
        self.assertEqual(MyTypes.s.value, str)
        class Foo:
            pass
        class Bar:
            pass
        class MyTypes2(Enum):
            a = Foo
            b = Bar
        self.assertEqual(MyTypes2.a.value, Foo)
        self.assertEqual(MyTypes2.b.value, Bar)
        class SpamEnumNotInner:
            pass
        class SpamEnum(Enum):
            spam = SpamEnumNotInner
        self.assertEqual(SpamEnum.spam.value, SpamEnumNotInner)

    def test_enum_of_generic_aliases(self):
        class E(Enum):
            a = typing.List[int]
            b = list[int]
        self.assertEqual(E.a.value, typing.List[int])
        self.assertEqual(E.b.value, list[int])
        self.assertEqual(repr(E.a), '<E.a: typing.List[int]>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(E.b), '<E.b: list[int]>')

    @unittest.skipIf(
            python_version >= (3, 13),
            'inner classes are not members',
            )
    def test_nested_classes_in_enum_are_members(self):
        """
        Check for warnings pre-3.13
        """
        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, 'will not become a member'):
            class Outer(Enum):
                a = 1
                b = 2
                class Inner(Enum):
                    foo = 10
                    bar = 11
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Outer.Inner, Outer))
        self.assertEqual(Outer.a.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Outer.Inner.value.foo.value, 10)
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Outer.Inner.value),
            [Outer.Inner.value.foo, Outer.Inner.value.bar],
            )
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Outer),
            [Outer.a, Outer.b, Outer.Inner],
            )

    @unittest.skipIf(
            python_version < (3, 13),
            'inner classes are still members',
            )
    def test_nested_classes_in_enum_are_not_members(self):
        """Support locally-defined nested classes."""
        class Outer(Enum):
            a = 1
            b = 2
            class Inner(Enum):
                foo = 10
                bar = 11
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Outer.Inner, type))
        self.assertEqual(Outer.a.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Outer.Inner.foo.value, 10)
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Outer.Inner),
            [Outer.Inner.foo, Outer.Inner.bar],
            )
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Outer),
            [Outer.a, Outer.b],
            )

    def test_nested_classes_in_enum_with_nonmember(self):
        class Outer(Enum):
            a = 1
            b = 2
            @nonmember
            class Inner(Enum):
                foo = 10
                bar = 11
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Outer.Inner, type))
        self.assertEqual(Outer.a.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Outer.Inner.foo.value, 10)
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Outer.Inner),
            [Outer.Inner.foo, Outer.Inner.bar],
            )
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Outer),
            [Outer.a, Outer.b],
            )

    def test_enum_of_types_with_nonmember(self):
        """Support using Enum to refer to types deliberately."""
        class MyTypes(Enum):
            i = int
            f = nonmember(float)
            s = str
        self.assertEqual(MyTypes.i.value, int)
        self.assertTrue(MyTypes.f is float)
        self.assertEqual(MyTypes.s.value, str)
        class Foo:
            pass
        class Bar:
            pass
        class MyTypes2(Enum):
            a = Foo
            b = nonmember(Bar)
        self.assertEqual(MyTypes2.a.value, Foo)
        self.assertTrue(MyTypes2.b is Bar)
        class SpamEnumIsInner:
            pass
        class SpamEnum(Enum):
            spam = nonmember(SpamEnumIsInner)
        self.assertTrue(SpamEnum.spam is SpamEnumIsInner)

    def test_nested_classes_in_enum_with_member(self):
        """Support locally-defined nested classes."""
        class Outer(Enum):
            a = 1
            b = 2
            @member
            class Inner(Enum):
                foo = 10
                bar = 11
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Outer.Inner, Outer))
        self.assertEqual(Outer.a.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Outer.Inner.value.foo.value, 10)
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Outer.Inner.value),
            [Outer.Inner.value.foo, Outer.Inner.value.bar],
            )
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Outer),
            [Outer.a, Outer.b, Outer.Inner],
            )

    def test_enum_with_value_name(self):
        class Huh(Enum):
            name = 1
            value = 2
        self.assertEqual(list(Huh), [Huh.name, Huh.value])
        self.assertIs(type(Huh.name), Huh)
        self.assertEqual(Huh.name.name, 'name')
        self.assertEqual(Huh.name.value, 1)

    def test_contains_name_and_value_overlap(self):
        class IntEnum1(IntEnum):
            X = 1
        class IntEnum2(IntEnum):
            X = 1
        class IntEnum3(IntEnum):
            X = 2
        class IntEnum4(IntEnum):
            Y = 1
        self.assertIn(IntEnum1.X, IntEnum1)
        self.assertIn(IntEnum1.X, IntEnum2)
        self.assertNotIn(IntEnum1.X, IntEnum3)
        self.assertIn(IntEnum1.X, IntEnum4)

    def test_contains_different_types_same_members(self):
        class IntEnum1(IntEnum):
            X = 1
        class IntFlag1(IntFlag):
            X = 1
        self.assertIn(IntEnum1.X, IntFlag1)
        self.assertIn(IntFlag1.X, IntEnum1)

    def test_inherited_data_type(self):
        class HexInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'HexInt'
            def __repr__(self):
                return hex(self)
        class MyEnum(HexInt, enum.Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'MyEnum'
            A = 1
            B = 2
            C = 3
        self.assertEqual(repr(MyEnum.A), '<MyEnum.A: 0x1>')
        globals()['HexInt'] = HexInt
        globals()['MyEnum'] = MyEnum
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, MyEnum.A)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, MyEnum)
        #
        class SillyInt(HexInt):
            __qualname__ = 'SillyInt'
        class MyOtherEnum(SillyInt, enum.Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'MyOtherEnum'
            D = 4
            E = 5
            F = 6
        self.assertIs(MyOtherEnum._member_type_, SillyInt)
        globals()['SillyInt'] = SillyInt
        globals()['MyOtherEnum'] = MyOtherEnum
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, MyOtherEnum.E)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, MyOtherEnum)
        #
        # This did not work in 3.10, but does now with pickling by name
        class UnBrokenInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'UnBrokenInt'
            def __new__(cls, value):
                return int.__new__(cls, value)
        class MyUnBrokenEnum(UnBrokenInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'MyUnBrokenEnum'
            G = 7
            H = 8
            I = 9
        self.assertIs(MyUnBrokenEnum._member_type_, UnBrokenInt)
        self.assertIs(MyUnBrokenEnum(7), MyUnBrokenEnum.G)
        globals()['UnBrokenInt'] = UnBrokenInt
        globals()['MyUnBrokenEnum'] = MyUnBrokenEnum
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, MyUnBrokenEnum.I)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, MyUnBrokenEnum)

    def test_floatenum_fromhex(self):
        h = float.hex(FloatStooges.MOE.value)
        self.assertIs(FloatStooges.fromhex(h), FloatStooges.MOE)
        h = float.hex(FloatStooges.MOE.value + 0.01)
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            FloatStooges.fromhex(h)

    def test_programmatic_function_type(self):
        MinorEnum = Enum('MinorEnum', 'june july august', type=int)
        lst = list(MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(MinorEnum))
        self.assertEqual(len(MinorEnum), 3, MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(
                [MinorEnum.june, MinorEnum.july, MinorEnum.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
            e = MinorEnum(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertIn(e, MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(type(e), MinorEnum)

    def test_programmatic_function_string_with_start(self):
        MinorEnum = Enum('MinorEnum', 'june july august', start=10)
        lst = list(MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(MinorEnum))
        self.assertEqual(len(MinorEnum), 3, MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(
                [MinorEnum.june, MinorEnum.july, MinorEnum.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 10):
            e = MinorEnum(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertIn(e, MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(type(e), MinorEnum)

    def test_programmatic_function_type_with_start(self):
        MinorEnum = Enum('MinorEnum', 'june july august', type=int, start=30)
        lst = list(MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(MinorEnum))
        self.assertEqual(len(MinorEnum), 3, MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(
                [MinorEnum.june, MinorEnum.july, MinorEnum.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 30):
            e = MinorEnum(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertIn(e, MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(type(e), MinorEnum)

    def test_programmatic_function_string_list_with_start(self):
        MinorEnum = Enum('MinorEnum', ['june', 'july', 'august'], start=20)
        lst = list(MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(MinorEnum))
        self.assertEqual(len(MinorEnum), 3, MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(
                [MinorEnum.june, MinorEnum.july, MinorEnum.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 20):
            e = MinorEnum(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertIn(e, MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(type(e), MinorEnum)

    def test_programmatic_function_type_from_subclass(self):
        MinorEnum = IntEnum('MinorEnum', 'june july august')
        lst = list(MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(MinorEnum))
        self.assertEqual(len(MinorEnum), 3, MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(
                [MinorEnum.june, MinorEnum.july, MinorEnum.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 1):
            e = MinorEnum(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertIn(e, MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(type(e), MinorEnum)

    def test_programmatic_function_type_from_subclass_with_start(self):
        MinorEnum = IntEnum('MinorEnum', 'june july august', start=40)
        lst = list(MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(MinorEnum))
        self.assertEqual(len(MinorEnum), 3, MinorEnum)
        self.assertEqual(
                [MinorEnum.june, MinorEnum.july, MinorEnum.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 40):
            e = MinorEnum(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertIn(e, MinorEnum)
            self.assertIs(type(e), MinorEnum)

    def test_programmatic_function_is_value_call(self):
        class TwoPart(Enum):
            ONE = 1, 1.0
            TWO = 2, 2.0
            THREE = 3, 3.0
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, '1 is not a valid .*TwoPart', TwoPart, 1)
        self.assertIs(TwoPart((1, 1.0)), TwoPart.ONE)
        self.assertIs(TwoPart(1, 1.0), TwoPart.ONE)
        class ThreePart(Enum):
            ONE = 1, 1.0, 'one'
            TWO = 2, 2.0, 'two'
            THREE = 3, 3.0, 'three'
        self.assertIs(ThreePart((3, 3.0, 'three')), ThreePart.THREE)
        self.assertIs(ThreePart(3, 3.0, 'three'), ThreePart.THREE)

    def test_intenum_from_bytes(self):
        self.assertIs(IntStooges.from_bytes(b'\x00\x03', 'big'), IntStooges.MOE)
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            IntStooges.from_bytes(b'\x00\x05', 'big')

    def test_reserved_sunder_error(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
                ValueError,
                '_sunder_ names, such as ._bad_., are reserved',
            ):
            class Bad(Enum):
                _bad_ = 1

    def test_too_many_data_types(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'too many data types'):
            class Huh(str, int, Enum):
                One = 1

        class MyStr(str):
            def hello(self):
                return 'hello, %s' % self
        class MyInt(int):
            def repr(self):
                return hex(self)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'too many data types'):
            class Huh(MyStr, MyInt, Enum):
                One = 1

    def test_pickle_enum(self):
        if isinstance(Stooges, Exception):
            raise Stooges
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Stooges.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Stooges)

    def test_pickle_int(self):
        if isinstance(IntStooges, Exception):
            raise IntStooges
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, IntStooges.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, IntStooges)

    def test_pickle_float(self):
        if isinstance(FloatStooges, Exception):
            raise FloatStooges
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, FloatStooges.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, FloatStooges)

    def test_pickle_enum_function(self):
        if isinstance(Answer, Exception):
            raise Answer
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Answer.him)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Answer)

    def test_pickle_enum_function_with_module(self):
        if isinstance(Question, Exception):
            raise Question
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Question.who)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Question)

    def test_pickle_nested_class(self):
        # would normally just have this directly in the class namespace
        class NestedEnum(Enum):
            twigs = 'common'
            shiny = 'rare'

        self.__class__.NestedEnum = NestedEnum
        self.NestedEnum.__qualname__ = '%s.NestedEnum' % self.__class__.__name__
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, self.NestedEnum.twigs)

    def test_pickle_by_name(self):
        class ReplaceGlobalInt(IntEnum):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
        ReplaceGlobalInt.__reduce_ex__ = enum._reduce_ex_by_global_name
        for proto in range(HIGHEST_PROTOCOL):
            self.assertEqual(ReplaceGlobalInt.TWO.__reduce_ex__(proto), 'TWO')

    def test_pickle_explodes(self):
        BadPickle = Enum(
                'BadPickle', 'dill sweet bread-n-butter', module=__name__)
        globals()['BadPickle'] = BadPickle
        # now break BadPickle to test exception raising
        enum._make_class_unpicklable(BadPickle)
        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, TypeError, BadPickle.dill)
        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, PicklingError, BadPickle)

    def test_string_enum(self):
        class SkillLevel(str, Enum):
            master = 'what is the sound of one hand clapping?'
            journeyman = 'why did the chicken cross the road?'
            apprentice = 'knock, knock!'
        self.assertEqual(SkillLevel.apprentice, 'knock, knock!')

    def test_getattr_getitem(self):
        class Period(Enum):
            morning = 1
            noon = 2
            evening = 3
            night = 4
        self.assertIs(Period(2), Period.noon)
        self.assertIs(getattr(Period, 'night'), Period.night)
        self.assertIs(Period['morning'], Period.morning)

    def test_getattr_dunder(self):
        Season = self.Season
        self.assertTrue(getattr(Season, '__eq__'))

    def test_iteration_order(self):
        class Season(Enum):
            SUMMER = 2
            WINTER = 4
            AUTUMN = 3
            SPRING = 1
        self.assertEqual(
                list(Season),
                [Season.SUMMER, Season.WINTER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.SPRING],
                )

    def test_subclassing(self):
        if isinstance(Name, Exception):
            raise Name
        self.assertEqual(Name.BDFL, 'Guido van Rossum')
        self.assertTrue(Name.BDFL, Name('Guido van Rossum'))
        self.assertIs(Name.BDFL, getattr(Name, 'BDFL'))
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, Name.BDFL)

    def test_extending(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
        #
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            class MoreColor(Color):
                cyan = 4
                magenta = 5
                yellow = 6
        #
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "<enum .EvenMoreColor.> cannot extend <enum .Color.>"):
            class EvenMoreColor(Color, IntEnum):
                chartruese = 7
        #
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r"\(.Foo., \(.pink., .black.\)\) is not a valid .*Color"):
            Color('Foo', ('pink', 'black'))

    def test_exclude_methods(self):
        class whatever(Enum):
            this = 'that'
            these = 'those'
            def really(self):
                return 'no, not %s' % self.value
        self.assertIsNot(type(whatever.really), whatever)
        self.assertEqual(whatever.this.really(), 'no, not that')

    def test_wrong_inheritance_order(self):
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            class Wrong(Enum, str):
                NotHere = 'error before this point'

    def test_intenum_transitivity(self):
        class number(IntEnum):
            one = 1
            two = 2
            three = 3
        class numero(IntEnum):
            uno = 1
            dos = 2
            tres = 3
        self.assertEqual(number.one, numero.uno)
        self.assertEqual(number.two, numero.dos)
        self.assertEqual(number.three, numero.tres)

    def test_wrong_enum_in_call(self):
        class Monochrome(Enum):
            black = 0
            white = 1
        class Gender(Enum):
            male = 0
            female = 1
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male)

    def test_wrong_enum_in_mixed_call(self):
        class Monochrome(IntEnum):
            black = 0
            white = 1
        class Gender(Enum):
            male = 0
            female = 1
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male)

    def test_mixed_enum_in_call_1(self):
        class Monochrome(IntEnum):
            black = 0
            white = 1
        class Gender(IntEnum):
            male = 0
            female = 1
        self.assertIs(Monochrome(Gender.female), Monochrome.white)

    def test_mixed_enum_in_call_2(self):
        class Monochrome(Enum):
            black = 0
            white = 1
        class Gender(IntEnum):
            male = 0
            female = 1
        self.assertIs(Monochrome(Gender.male), Monochrome.black)

    def test_flufl_enum(self):
        class Fluflnum(Enum):
            def __int__(self):
                return int(self.value)
        class MailManOptions(Fluflnum):
            option1 = 1
            option2 = 2
            option3 = 3
        self.assertEqual(int(MailManOptions.option1), 1)

    def test_introspection(self):
        class Number(IntEnum):
            one = 100
            two = 200
        self.assertIs(Number.one._member_type_, int)
        self.assertIs(Number._member_type_, int)
        class String(str, Enum):
            yarn = 'soft'
            rope = 'rough'
            wire = 'hard'
        self.assertIs(String.yarn._member_type_, str)
        self.assertIs(String._member_type_, str)
        class Plain(Enum):
            vanilla = 'white'
            one = 1
        self.assertIs(Plain.vanilla._member_type_, object)
        self.assertIs(Plain._member_type_, object)

    def test_no_such_enum_member(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            Color(4)
        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
            Color['chartreuse']

    # tests that need to be evalualted for moving

    def test_multiple_mixin_mro(self):
        class auto_enum(type(Enum)):
            def __new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict):
                temp = type(classdict)()
                temp._cls_name = cls
                names = set(classdict._member_names)
                i = 0
                for k in classdict._member_names:
                    v = classdict[k]
                    if v is Ellipsis:
                        v = i
                    else:
                        i = v
                    i += 1
                    temp[k] = v
                for k, v in classdict.items():
                    if k not in names:
                        temp[k] = v
                return super(auto_enum, metacls).__new__(
                        metacls, cls, bases, temp)

        class AutoNumberedEnum(Enum, metaclass=auto_enum):
            pass

        class AutoIntEnum(IntEnum, metaclass=auto_enum):
            pass

        class TestAutoNumber(AutoNumberedEnum):
            a = ...
            b = 3
            c = ...

        class TestAutoInt(AutoIntEnum):
            a = ...
            b = 3
            c = ...

    def test_subclasses_with_getnewargs(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                name, *args = args
                if len(args) == 0:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            def __getnewargs__(self):
                return self._args
            @bltns.property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(
                        type(self).__name__,
                        self.__name__,
                        int.__repr__(self),
                        )
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp,
                        )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)


        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI.y)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI)

    def test_subclasses_with_getnewargs_ex(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                name, *args = args
                if len(args) == 0:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
                return self._args, {}
            @bltns.property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(
                        type(self).__name__,
                        self.__name__,
                        int.__repr__(self),
                        )
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp,
                        )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)


        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI.y)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI)

    def test_subclasses_with_reduce(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                name, *args = args
                if len(args) == 0:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            def __reduce__(self):
                return self.__class__, self._args
            @bltns.property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(
                        type(self).__name__,
                        self.__name__,
                        int.__repr__(self),
                        )
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp,
                        )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)


        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI.y)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI)

    def test_subclasses_with_reduce_ex(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                name, *args = args
                if len(args) == 0:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
                return self.__class__, self._args
            @bltns.property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(
                        type(self).__name__,
                        self.__name__,
                        int.__repr__(self),
                        )
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp,
                        )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)

        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI.y)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI)

    def test_subclasses_without_direct_pickle_support(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                name, *args = args
                if len(args) == 0:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            @bltns.property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(
                        type(self).__name__,
                        self.__name__,
                        int.__repr__(self),
                        )
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)

        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI.y)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI)

    def test_subclasses_with_direct_pickle_support(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                name, *args = args
                if len(args) == 0:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            @bltns.property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "{}({!r}, {})".format(
                        type(self).__name__,
                        self.__name__,
                        int.__repr__(self),
                        )
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp,
                        )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)
            def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
                return getattr, (self.__class__, self._name_)

        self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI.y)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, NEI)

    def test_tuple_subclass(self):
        class SomeTuple(tuple, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'SomeTuple'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
            first = (1, 'for the money')
            second = (2, 'for the show')
            third = (3, 'for the music')
        self.assertIs(type(SomeTuple.first), SomeTuple)
        self.assertIsInstance(SomeTuple.second, tuple)
        self.assertEqual(SomeTuple.third, (3, 'for the music'))
        globals()['SomeTuple'] = SomeTuple
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, SomeTuple.first)

    def test_duplicate_values_give_unique_enum_items(self):
        class AutoNumber(Enum):
            first = ()
            second = ()
            third = ()
            def __new__(cls):
                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
                obj = object.__new__(cls)
                obj._value_ = value
                return obj
            def __int__(self):
                return int(self._value_)
        self.assertEqual(
                list(AutoNumber),
                [AutoNumber.first, AutoNumber.second, AutoNumber.third],
                )
        self.assertEqual(int(AutoNumber.second), 2)
        self.assertEqual(AutoNumber.third.value, 3)
        self.assertIs(AutoNumber(1), AutoNumber.first)

    def test_inherited_new_from_enhanced_enum(self):
        class AutoNumber(Enum):
            def __new__(cls):
                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
                obj = object.__new__(cls)
                obj._value_ = value
                return obj
            def __int__(self):
                return int(self._value_)
        class Color(AutoNumber):
            red = ()
            green = ()
            blue = ()
        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue])
        self.assertEqual(list(map(int, Color)), [1, 2, 3])

    def test_inherited_new_from_mixed_enum(self):
        class AutoNumber(IntEnum):
            def __new__(cls):
                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
                obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
                obj._value_ = value
                return obj
        class Color(AutoNumber):
            red = ()
            green = ()
            blue = ()
        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue])
        self.assertEqual(list(map(int, Color)), [1, 2, 3])

    def test_equality(self):
        class OrdinaryEnum(Enum):
            a = 1
        self.assertEqual(ALWAYS_EQ, OrdinaryEnum.a)
        self.assertEqual(OrdinaryEnum.a, ALWAYS_EQ)

    def test_ordered_mixin(self):
        class OrderedEnum(Enum):
            def __ge__(self, other):
                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
                    return self._value_ >= other._value_
                return NotImplemented
            def __gt__(self, other):
                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
                    return self._value_ > other._value_
                return NotImplemented
            def __le__(self, other):
                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
                    return self._value_ <= other._value_
                return NotImplemented
            def __lt__(self, other):
                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
                    return self._value_ < other._value_
                return NotImplemented
        class Grade(OrderedEnum):
            A = 5
            B = 4
            C = 3
            D = 2
            F = 1
        self.assertGreater(Grade.A, Grade.B)
        self.assertLessEqual(Grade.F, Grade.C)
        self.assertLess(Grade.D, Grade.A)
        self.assertGreaterEqual(Grade.B, Grade.B)
        self.assertEqual(Grade.B, Grade.B)
        self.assertNotEqual(Grade.C, Grade.D)

    def test_extending2(self):
        class Shade(Enum):
            def shade(self):
                print(self.name)
        class Color(Shade):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            class MoreColor(Color):
                cyan = 4
                magenta = 5
                yellow = 6

    def test_extending3(self):
        class Shade(Enum):
            def shade(self):
                return self.name
        class Color(Shade):
            def hex(self):
                return '%s hexlified!' % self.value
        class MoreColor(Color):
            cyan = 4
            magenta = 5
            yellow = 6
        self.assertEqual(MoreColor.magenta.hex(), '5 hexlified!')

    def test_subclass_duplicate_name(self):
        class Base(Enum):
            def test(self):
                pass
        class Test(Base):
            test = 1
        self.assertIs(type(Test.test), Test)

    def test_subclass_duplicate_name_dynamic(self):
        from types import DynamicClassAttribute
        class Base(Enum):
            @DynamicClassAttribute
            def test(self):
                return 'dynamic'
        class Test(Base):
            test = 1
        self.assertEqual(Test.test.test, 'dynamic')
        self.assertEqual(Test.test.value, 1)
        class Base2(Enum):
            @enum.property
            def flash(self):
                return 'flashy dynamic'
        class Test(Base2):
            flash = 1
        self.assertEqual(Test.flash.flash, 'flashy dynamic')
        self.assertEqual(Test.flash.value, 1)

    def test_no_duplicates(self):
        class UniqueEnum(Enum):
            def __init__(self, *args):
                cls = self.__class__
                if any(self.value == e.value for e in cls):
                    a = self.name
                    e = cls(self.value).name
                    raise ValueError(
                            "aliases not allowed in UniqueEnum:  %r --> %r"
                            % (a, e)
                            )
        class Color(UniqueEnum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            class Color(UniqueEnum):
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
                grene = 2

    def test_init(self):
        class Planet(Enum):
            MERCURY = (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6)
            VENUS   = (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6)
            EARTH   = (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6)
            MARS    = (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6)
            JUPITER = (1.9e+27,   7.1492e7)
            SATURN  = (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7)
            URANUS  = (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7)
            NEPTUNE = (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7)
            def __init__(self, mass, radius):
                self.mass = mass       # in kilograms
                self.radius = radius   # in meters
            @enum.property
            def surface_gravity(self):
                # universal gravitational constant  (m3 kg-1 s-2)
                G = 6.67300E-11
                return G * self.mass / (self.radius * self.radius)
        self.assertEqual(round(Planet.EARTH.surface_gravity, 2), 9.80)
        self.assertEqual(Planet.EARTH.value, (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6))

    def test_ignore(self):
        class Period(timedelta, Enum):
            '''
            different lengths of time
            '''
            def __new__(cls, value, period):
                obj = timedelta.__new__(cls, value)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.period = period
                return obj
            _ignore_ = 'Period i'
            Period = vars()
            for i in range(13):
                Period['month_%d' % i] = i*30, 'month'
            for i in range(53):
                Period['week_%d' % i] = i*7, 'week'
            for i in range(32):
                Period['day_%d' % i] = i, 'day'
            OneDay = day_1
            OneWeek = week_1
            OneMonth = month_1
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Period, '_ignore_'))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Period, 'Period'))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Period, 'i'))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Period.day_1, timedelta))
        self.assertTrue(Period.month_1 is Period.day_30)
        self.assertTrue(Period.week_4 is Period.day_28)

    def test_nonhash_value(self):
        class AutoNumberInAList(Enum):
            def __new__(cls):
                value = [len(cls.__members__) + 1]
                obj = object.__new__(cls)
                obj._value_ = value
                return obj
        class ColorInAList(AutoNumberInAList):
            red = ()
            green = ()
            blue = ()
        self.assertEqual(list(ColorInAList), [ColorInAList.red, ColorInAList.green, ColorInAList.blue])
        for enum, value in zip(ColorInAList, range(3)):
            value += 1
            self.assertEqual(enum.value, [value])
            self.assertIs(ColorInAList([value]), enum)

    def test_conflicting_types_resolved_in_new(self):
        class LabelledIntEnum(int, Enum):
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                value, label = args
                obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
                obj.label = label
                obj._value_ = value
                return obj

        class LabelledList(LabelledIntEnum):
            unprocessed = (1, "Unprocessed")
            payment_complete = (2, "Payment Complete")

        self.assertEqual(list(LabelledList), [LabelledList.unprocessed, LabelledList.payment_complete])
        self.assertEqual(LabelledList.unprocessed, 1)
        self.assertEqual(LabelledList(1), LabelledList.unprocessed)

    def test_default_missing_no_chained_exception(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            RED = 1
            GREEN = 2
            BLUE = 3
        try:
            Color(7)
        except ValueError as exc:
            self.assertTrue(exc.__context__ is None)
        else:
            raise Exception('Exception not raised.')

    def test_missing_override(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
            @classmethod
            def _missing_(cls, item):
                if item == 'three':
                    return cls.blue
                elif item == 'bad return':
                    # trigger internal error
                    return 5
                elif item == 'error out':
                    raise ZeroDivisionError
                else:
                    # trigger not found
                    return None
        self.assertIs(Color('three'), Color.blue)
        try:
            Color(7)
        except ValueError as exc:
            self.assertTrue(exc.__context__ is None)
        else:
            raise Exception('Exception not raised.')
        try:
            Color('bad return')
        except TypeError as exc:
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(exc.__context__, ValueError))
        else:
            raise Exception('Exception not raised.')
        try:
            Color('error out')
        except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(exc.__context__, ValueError))
        else:
            raise Exception('Exception not raised.')

    def test_missing_exceptions_reset(self):
        import gc
        import weakref
        #
        class TestEnum(enum.Enum):
            VAL1 = 'val1'
            VAL2 = 'val2'
        #
        class Class1:
            def __init__(self):
                # Gracefully handle an exception of our own making
                try:
                    raise ValueError()
                except ValueError:
                    pass
        #
        class Class2:
            def __init__(self):
                # Gracefully handle an exception of Enum's making
                try:
                    TestEnum('invalid_value')
                except ValueError:
                    pass
        # No strong refs here so these are free to die.
        class_1_ref = weakref.ref(Class1())
        class_2_ref = weakref.ref(Class2())
        #
        # The exception raised by Enum used to create a reference loop and thus
        # Class2 instances would stick around until the next garbage collection
        # cycle, unlike Class1.  Verify Class2 no longer does this.
        gc.collect()  # For PyPy or other GCs.
        self.assertIs(class_1_ref(), None)
        self.assertIs(class_2_ref(), None)

    def test_multiple_mixin(self):
        class MaxMixin:
            @classproperty
            def MAX(cls):
                max = len(cls)
                cls.MAX = max
                return max
        class StrMixin:
            def __str__(self):
                return self._name_.lower()
        class SomeEnum(Enum):
            def behavior(self):
                return 'booyah'
        class AnotherEnum(Enum):
            def behavior(self):
                return 'nuhuh!'
            def social(self):
                return "what's up?"
        class Color(MaxMixin, Enum):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Color.MAX, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'Color.BLUE')
        class Color(MaxMixin, StrMixin, Enum):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
            __str__ = StrMixin.__str__          # needed as of 3.11
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Color.MAX, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'blue')
        class Color(StrMixin, MaxMixin, Enum):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
            __str__ = StrMixin.__str__          # needed as of 3.11
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Color.MAX, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'blue')
        class CoolColor(StrMixin, SomeEnum, Enum):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
            __str__ = StrMixin.__str__          # needed as of 3.11
        self.assertEqual(CoolColor.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(CoolColor.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(CoolColor.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(CoolColor.BLUE), 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(CoolColor.RED.behavior(), 'booyah')
        class CoolerColor(StrMixin, AnotherEnum, Enum):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
            __str__ = StrMixin.__str__          # needed as of 3.11
        self.assertEqual(CoolerColor.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(CoolerColor.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(CoolerColor.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(CoolerColor.BLUE), 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(CoolerColor.RED.behavior(), 'nuhuh!')
        self.assertEqual(CoolerColor.RED.social(), "what's up?")
        class CoolestColor(StrMixin, SomeEnum, AnotherEnum):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
            __str__ = StrMixin.__str__          # needed as of 3.11
        self.assertEqual(CoolestColor.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(CoolestColor.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(CoolestColor.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(CoolestColor.BLUE), 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(CoolestColor.RED.behavior(), 'booyah')
        self.assertEqual(CoolestColor.RED.social(), "what's up?")
        class ConfusedColor(StrMixin, AnotherEnum, SomeEnum):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
            __str__ = StrMixin.__str__          # needed as of 3.11
        self.assertEqual(ConfusedColor.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(ConfusedColor.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(ConfusedColor.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(ConfusedColor.BLUE), 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(ConfusedColor.RED.behavior(), 'nuhuh!')
        self.assertEqual(ConfusedColor.RED.social(), "what's up?")
        class ReformedColor(StrMixin, IntEnum, SomeEnum, AnotherEnum):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
            __str__ = StrMixin.__str__          # needed as of 3.11
        self.assertEqual(ReformedColor.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(ReformedColor.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(ReformedColor.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(ReformedColor.BLUE), 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(ReformedColor.RED.behavior(), 'booyah')
        self.assertEqual(ConfusedColor.RED.social(), "what's up?")
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(ReformedColor, int))

    def test_multiple_inherited_mixin(self):
        @unique
        class Decision1(StrEnum):
            REVERT = "REVERT"
            REVERT_ALL = "REVERT_ALL"
            RETRY = "RETRY"
        class MyEnum(StrEnum):
            pass
        @unique
        class Decision2(MyEnum):
            REVERT = "REVERT"
            REVERT_ALL = "REVERT_ALL"
            RETRY = "RETRY"

    def test_multiple_mixin_inherited(self):
        class MyInt(int):
            def __new__(cls, value):
                return super().__new__(cls, value)

        class HexMixin:
            def __repr__(self):
                return hex(self)

        class MyIntEnum(HexMixin, MyInt, enum.Enum):
            __repr__ = HexMixin.__repr__

        class Foo(MyIntEnum):
            TEST = 1
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Foo.TEST, MyInt))
        self.assertEqual(Foo._member_type_, MyInt)
        self.assertEqual(repr(Foo.TEST), "0x1")

        class Fee(MyIntEnum):
            TEST = 1
            def __new__(cls, value):
                value += 1
                member = int.__new__(cls, value)
                member._value_ = value
                return member
        self.assertEqual(Fee.TEST, 2)

    def test_multiple_mixin_with_common_data_type(self):
        class CaseInsensitiveStrEnum(str, Enum):
            @classmethod
            def _missing_(cls, value):
                for member in cls._member_map_.values():
                    if member._value_.lower() == value.lower():
                        return member
                return super()._missing_(value)
        #
        class LenientStrEnum(str, Enum):
            def __init__(self, *args):
                self._valid = True
            @classmethod
            def _missing_(cls, value):
                unknown = cls._member_type_.__new__(cls, value)
                unknown._valid = False
                unknown._name_ = value.upper()
                unknown._value_ = value
                cls._member_map_[value] = unknown
                return unknown
            @enum.property
            def valid(self):
                return self._valid
        #
        class JobStatus(CaseInsensitiveStrEnum, LenientStrEnum):
            ACTIVE = "active"
            PENDING = "pending"
            TERMINATED = "terminated"
        #
        JS = JobStatus
        self.assertEqual(list(JobStatus), [JS.ACTIVE, JS.PENDING, JS.TERMINATED])
        self.assertEqual(JS.ACTIVE, 'active')
        self.assertEqual(JS.ACTIVE.value, 'active')
        self.assertIs(JS('Active'), JS.ACTIVE)
        self.assertTrue(JS.ACTIVE.valid)
        missing = JS('missing')
        self.assertEqual(list(JobStatus), [JS.ACTIVE, JS.PENDING, JS.TERMINATED])
        self.assertEqual(JS.ACTIVE, 'active')
        self.assertEqual(JS.ACTIVE.value, 'active')
        self.assertIs(JS('Active'), JS.ACTIVE)
        self.assertTrue(JS.ACTIVE.valid)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(missing, JS))
        self.assertFalse(missing.valid)

    def test_empty_globals(self):
        # bpo-35717: sys._getframe(2).f_globals['__name__'] fails with KeyError
        # when using compile and exec because f_globals is empty
        code = "from enum import Enum; Enum('Animal', 'ANT BEE CAT DOG')"
        code = compile(code, "<string>", "exec")
        global_ns = {}
        local_ls = {}
        exec(code, global_ns, local_ls)

    def test_strenum(self):
        class GoodStrEnum(StrEnum):
            one = '1'
            two = '2'
            three = b'3', 'ascii'
            four = b'4', 'latin1', 'strict'
        self.assertEqual(GoodStrEnum.one, '1')
        self.assertEqual(str(GoodStrEnum.one), '1')
        self.assertEqual('{}'.format(GoodStrEnum.one), '1')
        self.assertEqual(GoodStrEnum.one, str(GoodStrEnum.one))
        self.assertEqual(GoodStrEnum.one, '{}'.format(GoodStrEnum.one))
        self.assertEqual(repr(GoodStrEnum.one), "<GoodStrEnum.one: '1'>")
        #
        class DumbMixin:
            def __str__(self):
                return "don't do this"
        class DumbStrEnum(DumbMixin, StrEnum):
            five = '5'
            six = '6'
            seven = '7'
            __str__ = DumbMixin.__str__             # needed as of 3.11
        self.assertEqual(DumbStrEnum.seven, '7')
        self.assertEqual(str(DumbStrEnum.seven), "don't do this")
        #
        class EnumMixin(Enum):
            def hello(self):
                print('hello from %s' % (self, ))
        class HelloEnum(EnumMixin, StrEnum):
            eight = '8'
        self.assertEqual(HelloEnum.eight, '8')
        self.assertEqual(HelloEnum.eight, str(HelloEnum.eight))
        #
        class GoodbyeMixin:
            def goodbye(self):
                print('%s wishes you a fond farewell')
        class GoodbyeEnum(GoodbyeMixin, EnumMixin, StrEnum):
            nine = '9'
        self.assertEqual(GoodbyeEnum.nine, '9')
        self.assertEqual(GoodbyeEnum.nine, str(GoodbyeEnum.nine))
        #
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, '1 is not a string'):
            class FirstFailedStrEnum(StrEnum):
                one = 1
                two = '2'
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "2 is not a string"):
            class SecondFailedStrEnum(StrEnum):
                one = '1'
                two = 2,
                three = '3'
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, '2 is not a string'):
            class ThirdFailedStrEnum(StrEnum):
                one = '1'
                two = 2
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'encoding must be a string, not %r' % (sys.getdefaultencoding, )):
            class ThirdFailedStrEnum(StrEnum):
                one = '1'
                two = b'2', sys.getdefaultencoding
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'errors must be a string, not 9'):
            class ThirdFailedStrEnum(StrEnum):
                one = '1'
                two = b'2', 'ascii', 9

    def test_custom_strenum(self):
        class CustomStrEnum(str, Enum):
            pass
        class OkayEnum(CustomStrEnum):
            one = '1'
            two = '2'
            three = b'3', 'ascii'
            four = b'4', 'latin1', 'strict'
        self.assertEqual(OkayEnum.one, '1')
        self.assertEqual(str(OkayEnum.one), 'OkayEnum.one')
        self.assertEqual('{}'.format(OkayEnum.one), 'OkayEnum.one')
        self.assertEqual(repr(OkayEnum.one), "<OkayEnum.one: '1'>")
        #
        class DumbMixin:
            def __str__(self):
                return "don't do this"
        class DumbStrEnum(DumbMixin, CustomStrEnum):
            five = '5'
            six = '6'
            seven = '7'
            __str__ = DumbMixin.__str__         # needed as of 3.11
        self.assertEqual(DumbStrEnum.seven, '7')
        self.assertEqual(str(DumbStrEnum.seven), "don't do this")
        #
        class EnumMixin(Enum):
            def hello(self):
                print('hello from %s' % (self, ))
        class HelloEnum(EnumMixin, CustomStrEnum):
            eight = '8'
        self.assertEqual(HelloEnum.eight, '8')
        self.assertEqual(str(HelloEnum.eight), 'HelloEnum.eight')
        #
        class GoodbyeMixin:
            def goodbye(self):
                print('%s wishes you a fond farewell')
        class GoodbyeEnum(GoodbyeMixin, EnumMixin, CustomStrEnum):
            nine = '9'
        self.assertEqual(GoodbyeEnum.nine, '9')
        self.assertEqual(str(GoodbyeEnum.nine), 'GoodbyeEnum.nine')
        #
        class FirstFailedStrEnum(CustomStrEnum):
            one = 1   # this will become '1'
            two = '2'
        class SecondFailedStrEnum(CustomStrEnum):
            one = '1'
            two = 2,  # this will become '2'
            three = '3'
        class ThirdFailedStrEnum(CustomStrEnum):
            one = '1'
            two = 2  # this will become '2'
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, '.encoding. must be str, not '):
            class ThirdFailedStrEnum(CustomStrEnum):
                one = '1'
                two = b'2', sys.getdefaultencoding
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, '.errors. must be str, not '):
            class ThirdFailedStrEnum(CustomStrEnum):
                one = '1'
                two = b'2', 'ascii', 9

    def test_missing_value_error(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "_value_ not set in __new__"):
            class Combined(str, Enum):
                #
                def __new__(cls, value, sequence):
                    enum = str.__new__(cls, value)
                    if '(' in value:
                        fis_name, segment = value.split('(', 1)
                        segment = segment.strip(' )')
                    else:
                        fis_name = value
                        segment = None
                    enum.fis_name = fis_name
                    enum.segment = segment
                    enum.sequence = sequence
                    return enum
                #
                def __repr__(self):
                    return "<%s.%s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._name_)
                #
                key_type      = 'An$(1,2)', 0
                company_id    = 'An$(3,2)', 1
                code          = 'An$(5,1)', 2
                description   = 'Bn$',      3


    def test_private_variable_is_normal_attribute(self):
        class Private(Enum):
            __corporal = 'Radar'
            __major_ = 'Hoolihan'
        self.assertEqual(Private._Private__corporal, 'Radar')
        self.assertEqual(Private._Private__major_, 'Hoolihan')

    def test_member_from_member_access(self):
        class Di(Enum):
            YES = 1
            NO = 0
            name = 3
        warn = Di.YES.NO
        self.assertIs(warn, Di.NO)
        self.assertIs(Di.name, Di['name'])
        self.assertEqual(Di.name.name, 'name')

    def test_dynamic_members_with_static_methods(self):
        #
        foo_defines = {'FOO_CAT': 'aloof', 'BAR_DOG': 'friendly', 'FOO_HORSE': 'big'}
        class Foo(Enum):
            vars().update({
                    k: v
                    for k, v in foo_defines.items()
                    if k.startswith('FOO_')
                    })
            def upper(self):
                return self.value.upper()
        self.assertEqual(list(Foo), [Foo.FOO_CAT, Foo.FOO_HORSE])
        self.assertEqual(Foo.FOO_CAT.value, 'aloof')
        self.assertEqual(Foo.FOO_HORSE.upper(), 'BIG')
        #
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "'FOO_CAT' already defined as 'aloof'"):
            class FooBar(Enum):
                vars().update({
                        k: v
                        for k, v in foo_defines.items()
                        if k.startswith('FOO_')
                        },
                        **{'FOO_CAT': 'small'},
                        )
                def upper(self):
                    return self.value.upper()

    def test_repr_with_dataclass(self):
        "ensure dataclass-mixin has correct repr()"
        #
        # check overridden dataclass __repr__ is used
        #
        from dataclasses import dataclass, field
        @dataclass(repr=False)
        class Foo:
            __qualname__ = 'Foo'
            a: int
            def __repr__(self):
                return 'ha hah!'
        class Entries(Foo, Enum):
            ENTRY1 = 1
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Entries.ENTRY1, Foo))
        self.assertTrue(Entries._member_type_ is Foo, Entries._member_type_)
        self.assertTrue(Entries.ENTRY1.value == Foo(1), Entries.ENTRY1.value)
        self.assertEqual(repr(Entries.ENTRY1), '<Entries.ENTRY1: ha hah!>')
        #
        # check auto-generated dataclass __repr__ is not used
        #
        @dataclass
        class CreatureDataMixin:
            __qualname__ = 'CreatureDataMixin'
            size: str
            legs: int
            tail: bool = field(repr=False, default=True)
        class Creature(CreatureDataMixin, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'Creature'
            BEETLE = ('small', 6)
            DOG = ('medium', 4)
        self.assertEqual(repr(Creature.DOG), "<Creature.DOG: size='medium', legs=4>")
        #
        # check inherited repr used
        #
        class Huh:
            def __repr__(self):
                return 'inherited'
        @dataclass(repr=False)
        class CreatureDataMixin(Huh):
            __qualname__ = 'CreatureDataMixin'
            size: str
            legs: int
            tail: bool = field(repr=False, default=True)
        class Creature(CreatureDataMixin, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'Creature'
            BEETLE = ('small', 6)
            DOG = ('medium', 4)
        self.assertEqual(repr(Creature.DOG), "<Creature.DOG: inherited>")
        #
        # check default object.__repr__ used if nothing provided
        #
        @dataclass(repr=False)
        class CreatureDataMixin:
            __qualname__ = 'CreatureDataMixin'
            size: str
            legs: int
            tail: bool = field(repr=False, default=True)
        class Creature(CreatureDataMixin, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'Creature'
            BEETLE = ('small', 6)
            DOG = ('medium', 4)
        self.assertRegex(repr(Creature.DOG), "<Creature.DOG: .*CreatureDataMixin object at .*>")

    def test_repr_with_init_data_type_mixin(self):
        # non-data_type is a mixin that doesn't define __new__
        class Foo:
            def __init__(self, a):
                self.a = a
            def __repr__(self):
                return f'Foo(a={self.a!r})'
        class Entries(Foo, Enum):
            ENTRY1 = 1
        #
        self.assertEqual(repr(Entries.ENTRY1), '<Entries.ENTRY1: Foo(a=1)>')

    def test_repr_and_str_with_non_data_type_mixin(self):
        # non-data_type is a mixin that doesn't define __new__
        class Foo:
            def __repr__(self):
                return 'Foo'
            def __str__(self):
                return 'ooF'
        class Entries(Foo, Enum):
            ENTRY1 = 1
        #
        self.assertEqual(repr(Entries.ENTRY1), 'Foo')
        self.assertEqual(str(Entries.ENTRY1), 'ooF')

    def test_value_backup_assign(self):
        # check that enum will add missing values when custom __new__ does not
        class Some(Enum):
            def __new__(cls, val):
                return object.__new__(cls)
            x = 1
            y = 2
        self.assertEqual(Some.x.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Some.y.value, 2)

    def test_custom_flag_bitwise(self):
        class MyIntFlag(int, Flag):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
            FOUR = 4
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(MyIntFlag.ONE | MyIntFlag.TWO, MyIntFlag), MyIntFlag.ONE | MyIntFlag.TWO)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(MyIntFlag.ONE | 2, MyIntFlag))

    def test_int_flags_copy(self):
        class MyIntFlag(IntFlag):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
            FOUR = 4

        flags = MyIntFlag.ONE | MyIntFlag.TWO
        copied = copy.copy(flags)
        deep = copy.deepcopy(flags)
        self.assertEqual(copied, flags)
        self.assertEqual(deep, flags)

        flags = MyIntFlag.ONE | MyIntFlag.TWO | 8
        copied = copy.copy(flags)
        deep = copy.deepcopy(flags)
        self.assertEqual(copied, flags)
        self.assertEqual(deep, flags)
        self.assertEqual(copied.value, 1 | 2 | 8)

    def test_namedtuple_as_value(self):
        from collections import namedtuple
        TTuple = namedtuple('TTuple', 'id a blist')
        class NTEnum(Enum):
            NONE = TTuple(0, 0, [])
            A = TTuple(1, 2, [4])
            B = TTuple(2, 4, [0, 1, 2])
        self.assertEqual(repr(NTEnum.NONE), "<NTEnum.NONE: TTuple(id=0, a=0, blist=[])>")
        self.assertEqual(NTEnum.NONE.value, TTuple(id=0, a=0, blist=[]))
        self.assertEqual(
                [x.value for x in NTEnum],
                [TTuple(id=0, a=0, blist=[]), TTuple(id=1, a=2, blist=[4]), TTuple(id=2, a=4, blist=[0, 1, 2])],
                )

    def test_flag_with_custom_new(self):
        class FlagFromChar(IntFlag):
            def __new__(cls, c):
                value = 1 << c
                self = int.__new__(cls, value)
                self._value_ = value
                return self
            #
            a = ord('a')
        #
        self.assertEqual(FlagFromChar._all_bits_, 316912650057057350374175801343)
        self.assertEqual(FlagFromChar._flag_mask_, 158456325028528675187087900672)
        self.assertEqual(FlagFromChar.a, 158456325028528675187087900672)
        self.assertEqual(FlagFromChar.a|1, 158456325028528675187087900673)
        #
        #
        class FlagFromChar(Flag):
            def __new__(cls, c):
                value = 1 << c
                self = object.__new__(cls)
                self._value_ = value
                return self
            #
            a = ord('a')
            z = 1
        #
        self.assertEqual(FlagFromChar._all_bits_, 316912650057057350374175801343)
        self.assertEqual(FlagFromChar._flag_mask_, 158456325028528675187087900674)
        self.assertEqual(FlagFromChar.a.value, 158456325028528675187087900672)
        self.assertEqual((FlagFromChar.a|FlagFromChar.z).value, 158456325028528675187087900674)
        #
        #
        class FlagFromChar(int, Flag, boundary=KEEP):
            def __new__(cls, c):
                value = 1 << c
                self = int.__new__(cls, value)
                self._value_ = value
                return self
            #
            a = ord('a')
        #
        self.assertEqual(FlagFromChar._all_bits_, 316912650057057350374175801343)
        self.assertEqual(FlagFromChar._flag_mask_, 158456325028528675187087900672)
        self.assertEqual(FlagFromChar.a, 158456325028528675187087900672)
        self.assertEqual(FlagFromChar.a|1, 158456325028528675187087900673)

    def test_init_exception(self):
        class Base:
            def __init__(self, x):
                raise ValueError("I don't like", x)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            class MyEnum(Base, enum.Enum):
                A = 'a'
                def __init__(self, y):
                    self.y = y
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            class MyEnum(Base, enum.Enum):
                A = 'a'
                def __init__(self, y):
                    self.y = y
                def __new__(cls, value):
                    member = Base.__new__(cls)
                    member._value_ = Base(value)
                    return member


class TestOrder(unittest.TestCase):
    "test usage of the `_order_` attribute"

    def test_same_members(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _order_ = 'red green blue'
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3

    def test_same_members_with_aliases(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _order_ = 'red green blue'
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
            verde = green

    def test_same_members_wrong_order(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'member order does not match _order_'):
            class Color(Enum):
                _order_ = 'red green blue'
                red = 1
                blue = 3
                green = 2

    def test_order_has_extra_members(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'member order does not match _order_'):
            class Color(Enum):
                _order_ = 'red green blue purple'
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3

    def test_order_has_extra_members_with_aliases(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'member order does not match _order_'):
            class Color(Enum):
                _order_ = 'red green blue purple'
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
                verde = green

    def test_enum_has_extra_members(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'member order does not match _order_'):
            class Color(Enum):
                _order_ = 'red green blue'
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
                purple = 4

    def test_enum_has_extra_members_with_aliases(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'member order does not match _order_'):
            class Color(Enum):
                _order_ = 'red green blue'
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
                purple = 4
                verde = green


class OldTestFlag(unittest.TestCase):
    """Tests of the Flags."""

    class Perm(Flag):
        R, W, X = 4, 2, 1

    class Open(Flag):
        RO = 0
        WO = 1
        RW = 2
        AC = 3
        CE = 1<<19

    class Color(Flag):
        BLACK = 0
        RED = 1
        ROJO = 1
        GREEN = 2
        BLUE = 4
        PURPLE = RED|BLUE
        WHITE = RED|GREEN|BLUE
        BLANCO = RED|GREEN|BLUE

    def test_or(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for i in Perm:
            for j in Perm:
                self.assertEqual((i | j), Perm(i.value | j.value))
                self.assertEqual((i | j).value, i.value | j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i | j), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i | i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO | Open.CE, Open.CE)

    def test_and(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        RW = Perm.R | Perm.W
        RX = Perm.R | Perm.X
        WX = Perm.W | Perm.X
        RWX = Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X
        values = list(Perm) + [RW, RX, WX, RWX, Perm(0)]
        for i in values:
            for j in values:
                self.assertEqual((i & j).value, i.value & j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i & j), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i & i, i)
            self.assertIs(i & RWX, i)
            self.assertIs(RWX & i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO & Open.CE, Open.RO)

    def test_xor(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for i in Perm:
            for j in Perm:
                self.assertEqual((i ^ j).value, i.value ^ j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i ^ j), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i ^ Perm(0), i)
            self.assertIs(Perm(0) ^ i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO ^ Open.CE, Open.CE)
        self.assertIs(Open.CE ^ Open.CE, Open.RO)

    def test_invert(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        RW = Perm.R | Perm.W
        RX = Perm.R | Perm.X
        WX = Perm.W | Perm.X
        RWX = Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X
        values = list(Perm) + [RW, RX, WX, RWX, Perm(0)]
        for i in values:
            self.assertIs(type(~i), Perm)
            self.assertEqual(~~i, i)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(~~i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.WO & ~Open.WO, Open.RO)
        self.assertIs((Open.WO|Open.CE) & ~Open.WO, Open.CE)

    def test_bool(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for f in Perm:
            self.assertTrue(f)
        Open = self.Open
        for f in Open:
            self.assertEqual(bool(f.value), bool(f))

    def test_boundary(self):
        self.assertIs(enum.Flag._boundary_, STRICT)
        class Iron(Flag, boundary=CONFORM):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
            EIGHT = 8
        self.assertIs(Iron._boundary_, CONFORM)
        #
        class Water(Flag, boundary=STRICT):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
            EIGHT = 8
        self.assertIs(Water._boundary_, STRICT)
        #
        class Space(Flag, boundary=EJECT):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
            EIGHT = 8
        self.assertIs(Space._boundary_, EJECT)
        #
        class Bizarre(Flag, boundary=KEEP):
            b = 3
            c = 4
            d = 6
        #
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'invalid value 7', Water, 7)
        #
        self.assertIs(Iron(7), Iron.ONE|Iron.TWO)
        self.assertIs(Iron(~9), Iron.TWO)
        #
        self.assertEqual(Space(7), 7)
        self.assertTrue(type(Space(7)) is int)
        #
        self.assertEqual(list(Bizarre), [Bizarre.c])
        self.assertIs(Bizarre(3), Bizarre.b)
        self.assertIs(Bizarre(6), Bizarre.d)
        #
        class SkipFlag(enum.Flag):
            A = 1
            B = 2
            C = 4 | B
        #
        self.assertTrue(SkipFlag.C in (SkipFlag.A|SkipFlag.C))
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'SkipFlag.. invalid value 42', SkipFlag, 42)
        #
        class SkipIntFlag(enum.IntFlag):
            A = 1
            B = 2
            C = 4 | B
        #
        self.assertTrue(SkipIntFlag.C in (SkipIntFlag.A|SkipIntFlag.C))
        self.assertEqual(SkipIntFlag(42).value, 42)
        #
        class MethodHint(Flag):
            HiddenText = 0x10
            DigitsOnly = 0x01
            LettersOnly = 0x02
            OnlyMask = 0x0f
        #
        self.assertEqual(str(MethodHint.HiddenText|MethodHint.OnlyMask), 'MethodHint.HiddenText|DigitsOnly|LettersOnly|OnlyMask')


    def test_iter(self):
        Color = self.Color
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.RED, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE])
        self.assertEqual(list(Open), [Open.WO, Open.RW, Open.CE])

    def test_programatic_function_string(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', 'R W X')
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_string_with_start(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', 'R W X', start=8)
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 8<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_string_list(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', ['R', 'W', 'X'])
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_iterable(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', (('R', 2), ('W', 8), ('X', 32)))
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<(2*i+1)
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_from_dict(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', OrderedDict((('R', 2), ('W', 8), ('X', 32))))
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<(2*i+1)
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_pickle(self):
        if isinstance(FlagStooges, Exception):
            raise FlagStooges
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, FlagStooges.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual,
                        FlagStooges.CURLY|FlagStooges.MOE)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual,
                        FlagStooges.CURLY&~FlagStooges.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, FlagStooges)

        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, FlagStoogesWithZero.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual,
                        FlagStoogesWithZero.CURLY|FlagStoogesWithZero.MOE)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, FlagStoogesWithZero.NOFLAG)

        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, IntFlagStooges.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual,
                        IntFlagStooges.CURLY|IntFlagStooges.MOE)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual,
                        IntFlagStooges.CURLY|IntFlagStooges.MOE|0x30)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, IntFlagStooges(0))
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, IntFlagStooges(0x30))
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, IntFlagStooges)

        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, IntFlagStoogesWithZero.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual,
                        IntFlagStoogesWithZero.CURLY|IntFlagStoogesWithZero.MOE)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, IntFlagStoogesWithZero.NOFLAG)

    def test_contains_tf(self):
        Open = self.Open
        Color = self.Color
        self.assertFalse(Color.BLACK in Open)
        self.assertFalse(Open.RO in Color)
        self.assertFalse('BLACK' in Color)
        self.assertFalse('RO' in Open)
        self.assertTrue(Color.BLACK in Color)
        self.assertTrue(Open.RO in Open)
        self.assertTrue(1 in Color)
        self.assertTrue(1 in Open)

    def test_member_contains(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        R, W, X = Perm
        RW = R | W
        RX = R | X
        WX = W | X
        RWX = R | W | X
        self.assertTrue(R in RW)
        self.assertTrue(R in RX)
        self.assertTrue(R in RWX)
        self.assertTrue(W in RW)
        self.assertTrue(W in WX)
        self.assertTrue(W in RWX)
        self.assertTrue(X in RX)
        self.assertTrue(X in WX)
        self.assertTrue(X in RWX)
        self.assertFalse(R in WX)
        self.assertFalse(W in RX)
        self.assertFalse(X in RW)

    def test_member_iter(self):
        Color = self.Color
        self.assertEqual(list(Color.BLACK), [])
        self.assertEqual(list(Color.PURPLE), [Color.RED, Color.BLUE])
        self.assertEqual(list(Color.BLUE), [Color.BLUE])
        self.assertEqual(list(Color.GREEN), [Color.GREEN])
        self.assertEqual(list(Color.WHITE), [Color.RED, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE])
        self.assertEqual(list(Color.WHITE), [Color.RED, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE])

    def test_member_length(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.Color.__len__(self.Color.BLACK), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.Color.__len__(self.Color.GREEN), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.Color.__len__(self.Color.PURPLE), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.Color.__len__(self.Color.BLANCO), 3)

    def test_number_reset_and_order_cleanup(self):
        class Confused(Flag):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO FOUR DOS EIGHT SIXTEEN'
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            FOUR = auto()
            DOS = 2
            EIGHT = auto()
            SIXTEEN = auto()
        self.assertEqual(
                list(Confused),
                [Confused.ONE, Confused.TWO, Confused.FOUR, Confused.EIGHT, Confused.SIXTEEN])
        self.assertIs(Confused.TWO, Confused.DOS)
        self.assertEqual(Confused.DOS._value_, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Confused.EIGHT._value_, 8)
        self.assertEqual(Confused.SIXTEEN._value_, 16)

    def test_aliases(self):
        Color = self.Color
        self.assertEqual(Color(1).name, 'RED')
        self.assertEqual(Color['ROJO'].name, 'RED')
        self.assertEqual(Color(7).name, 'WHITE')
        self.assertEqual(Color['BLANCO'].name, 'WHITE')
        self.assertIs(Color.BLANCO, Color.WHITE)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open['AC'], Open.AC)

    def test_auto_number(self):
        class Color(Flag):
            red = auto()
            blue = auto()
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 4)

    def test_auto_number_garbage(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'invalid flag value .not an int.'):
            class Color(Flag):
                red = 'not an int'
                blue = auto()

    def test_duplicate_auto(self):
        class Dupes(Enum):
            first = primero = auto()
            second = auto()
            third = auto()
        self.assertEqual([Dupes.first, Dupes.second, Dupes.third], list(Dupes))

    def test_multiple_mixin(self):
        class AllMixin:
            @classproperty
            def ALL(cls):
                members = list(cls)
                all_value = None
                if members:
                    all_value = members[0]
                    for member in members[1:]:
                        all_value |= member
                cls.ALL = all_value
                return all_value
        class StrMixin:
            def __str__(self):
                return self._name_.lower()
        class Color(AllMixin, Flag):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.ALL.value, 7)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'Color.BLUE')
        class Color(AllMixin, StrMixin, Flag):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
            __str__ = StrMixin.__str__
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.ALL.value, 7)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'blue')
        class Color(StrMixin, AllMixin, Flag):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
            __str__ = StrMixin.__str__
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.ALL.value, 7)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'blue')

    @threading_helper.reap_threads
    @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
    def test_unique_composite(self):
        # override __eq__ to be identity only
        class TestFlag(Flag):
            one = auto()
            two = auto()
            three = auto()
            four = auto()
            five = auto()
            six = auto()
            seven = auto()
            eight = auto()
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self is other
            def __hash__(self):
                return hash(self._value_)
        # have multiple threads competing to complete the composite members
        seen = set()
        failed = False
        def cycle_enum():
            nonlocal failed
            try:
                for i in range(256):
                    seen.add(TestFlag(i))
            except Exception:
                failed = True
        threads = [
                threading.Thread(target=cycle_enum)
                for _ in range(8)
                ]
        with threading_helper.start_threads(threads):
            pass
        # check that only 248 members were created
        self.assertFalse(
                failed,
                'at least one thread failed while creating composite members')
        self.assertEqual(256, len(seen), 'too many composite members created')

    def test_init_subclass(self):
        class MyEnum(Flag):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                super().__init_subclass__(**kwds)
                self.assertFalse(cls.__dict__.get('_test', False))
                cls._test1 = 'MyEnum'
        #
        class TheirEnum(MyEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                super(TheirEnum, cls).__init_subclass__(**kwds)
                cls._test2 = 'TheirEnum'
        class WhoseEnum(TheirEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                pass
        class NoEnum(WhoseEnum):
            ONE = 1
        self.assertEqual(TheirEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertEqual(WhoseEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertEqual(WhoseEnum.__dict__['_test2'], 'TheirEnum')
        self.assertFalse(NoEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertFalse(NoEnum.__dict__.get('_test2', False))
        #
        class OurEnum(MyEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                cls._test2 = 'OurEnum'
        class WhereEnum(OurEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                pass
        class NeverEnum(WhereEnum):
            ONE = 1
        self.assertEqual(OurEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertFalse(WhereEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertEqual(WhereEnum.__dict__['_test2'], 'OurEnum')
        self.assertFalse(NeverEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertFalse(NeverEnum.__dict__.get('_test2', False))


class OldTestIntFlag(unittest.TestCase):
    """Tests of the IntFlags."""

    class Perm(IntFlag):
        R = 1 << 2
        W = 1 << 1
        X = 1 << 0

    class Open(IntFlag):
        RO = 0
        WO = 1
        RW = 2
        AC = 3
        CE = 1<<19

    class Color(IntFlag):
        BLACK = 0
        RED = 1
        ROJO = 1
        GREEN = 2
        BLUE = 4
        PURPLE = RED|BLUE
        WHITE = RED|GREEN|BLUE
        BLANCO = RED|GREEN|BLUE

    class Skip(IntFlag):
        FIRST = 1
        SECOND = 2
        EIGHTH = 8

    def test_type(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        self.assertTrue(Perm._member_type_ is int)
        Open = self.Open
        for f in Perm:
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(f, Perm))
            self.assertEqual(f, f.value)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Perm.W | Perm.X, Perm))
        self.assertEqual(Perm.W | Perm.X, 3)
        for f in Open:
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(f, Open))
            self.assertEqual(f, f.value)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Open.WO | Open.RW, Open))
        self.assertEqual(Open.WO | Open.RW, 3)

    def test_global_repr_keep(self):
        self.assertEqual(
                repr(HeadlightsK(0)),
                '%s.OFF_K' % SHORT_MODULE,
                )
        self.assertEqual(
                repr(HeadlightsK(2**0 + 2**2 + 2**3)),
                '%(m)s.LOW_BEAM_K|%(m)s.FOG_K|8' % {'m': SHORT_MODULE},
                )
        self.assertEqual(
                repr(HeadlightsK(2**3)),
                '%(m)s.HeadlightsK(8)' % {'m': SHORT_MODULE},
                )

    def test_global_repr_conform1(self):
        self.assertEqual(
                repr(HeadlightsC(0)),
                '%s.OFF_C' % SHORT_MODULE,
                )
        self.assertEqual(
                repr(HeadlightsC(2**0 + 2**2 + 2**3)),
                '%(m)s.LOW_BEAM_C|%(m)s.FOG_C' % {'m': SHORT_MODULE},
                )
        self.assertEqual(
                repr(HeadlightsC(2**3)),
                '%(m)s.OFF_C' % {'m': SHORT_MODULE},
                )

    def test_global_enum_str(self):
        self.assertEqual(str(NoName.ONE & NoName.TWO), 'NoName(0)')
        self.assertEqual(str(NoName(0)), 'NoName(0)')

    def test_format(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        self.assertEqual(format(Perm.R, ''), '4')
        self.assertEqual(format(Perm.R | Perm.X, ''), '5')
        #
        class NewPerm(IntFlag):
            R = 1 << 2
            W = 1 << 1
            X = 1 << 0
            def __str__(self):
                return self._name_
        self.assertEqual(format(NewPerm.R, ''), 'R')
        self.assertEqual(format(NewPerm.R | Perm.X, ''), 'R|X')

    def test_or(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for i in Perm:
            for j in Perm:
                self.assertEqual(i | j, i.value | j.value)
                self.assertEqual((i | j).value, i.value | j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i | j), Perm)
            for j in range(8):
                self.assertEqual(i | j, i.value | j)
                self.assertEqual((i | j).value, i.value | j)
                self.assertIs(type(i | j), Perm)
                self.assertEqual(j | i, j | i.value)
                self.assertEqual((j | i).value, j | i.value)
                self.assertIs(type(j | i), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i | i, i)
            self.assertIs(i | 0, i)
            self.assertIs(0 | i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO | Open.CE, Open.CE)

    def test_and(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        RW = Perm.R | Perm.W
        RX = Perm.R | Perm.X
        WX = Perm.W | Perm.X
        RWX = Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X
        values = list(Perm) + [RW, RX, WX, RWX, Perm(0)]
        for i in values:
            for j in values:
                self.assertEqual(i & j, i.value & j.value, 'i is %r, j is %r' % (i, j))
                self.assertEqual((i & j).value, i.value & j.value, 'i is %r, j is %r' % (i, j))
                self.assertIs(type(i & j), Perm, 'i is %r, j is %r' % (i, j))
            for j in range(8):
                self.assertEqual(i & j, i.value & j)
                self.assertEqual((i & j).value, i.value & j)
                self.assertIs(type(i & j), Perm)
                self.assertEqual(j & i, j & i.value)
                self.assertEqual((j & i).value, j & i.value)
                self.assertIs(type(j & i), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i & i, i)
            self.assertIs(i & 7, i)
            self.assertIs(7 & i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO & Open.CE, Open.RO)

    def test_xor(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for i in Perm:
            for j in Perm:
                self.assertEqual(i ^ j, i.value ^ j.value)
                self.assertEqual((i ^ j).value, i.value ^ j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i ^ j), Perm)
            for j in range(8):
                self.assertEqual(i ^ j, i.value ^ j)
                self.assertEqual((i ^ j).value, i.value ^ j)
                self.assertIs(type(i ^ j), Perm)
                self.assertEqual(j ^ i, j ^ i.value)
                self.assertEqual((j ^ i).value, j ^ i.value)
                self.assertIs(type(j ^ i), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i ^ 0, i)
            self.assertIs(0 ^ i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO ^ Open.CE, Open.CE)
        self.assertIs(Open.CE ^ Open.CE, Open.RO)

    def test_invert(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        RW = Perm.R | Perm.W
        RX = Perm.R | Perm.X
        WX = Perm.W | Perm.X
        RWX = Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X
        values = list(Perm) + [RW, RX, WX, RWX, Perm(0)]
        for i in values:
            self.assertEqual(~i, (~i).value)
            self.assertIs(type(~i), Perm)
            self.assertEqual(~~i, i)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(~~i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.WO & ~Open.WO, Open.RO)
        self.assertIs((Open.WO|Open.CE) & ~Open.WO, Open.CE)

    def test_boundary(self):
        self.assertIs(enum.IntFlag._boundary_, KEEP)
        class Simple(IntFlag, boundary=KEEP):
            SINGLE = 1
        #
        class Iron(IntFlag, boundary=STRICT):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
            EIGHT = 8
        self.assertIs(Iron._boundary_, STRICT)
        #
        class Water(IntFlag, boundary=CONFORM):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
            EIGHT = 8
        self.assertIs(Water._boundary_, CONFORM)
        #
        class Space(IntFlag, boundary=EJECT):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
            EIGHT = 8
        self.assertIs(Space._boundary_, EJECT)
        #
        class Bizarre(IntFlag, boundary=KEEP):
            b = 3
            c = 4
            d = 6
        #
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'invalid value 5', Iron, 5)
        #
        self.assertIs(Water(7), Water.ONE|Water.TWO)
        self.assertIs(Water(~9), Water.TWO)
        #
        self.assertEqual(Space(7), 7)
        self.assertTrue(type(Space(7)) is int)
        #
        self.assertEqual(list(Bizarre), [Bizarre.c])
        self.assertIs(Bizarre(3), Bizarre.b)
        self.assertIs(Bizarre(6), Bizarre.d)
        #
        simple = Simple.SINGLE | Iron.TWO
        self.assertEqual(simple, 3)
        self.assertIsInstance(simple, Simple)
        self.assertEqual(repr(simple), '<Simple.SINGLE|<Iron.TWO: 2>: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(str(simple), '3')

    def test_iter(self):
        Color = self.Color
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.RED, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE])
        self.assertEqual(list(Open), [Open.WO, Open.RW, Open.CE])

    def test_programatic_function_string(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', 'R W X')
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_string_with_start(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', 'R W X', start=8)
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 8<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_string_list(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', ['R', 'W', 'X'])
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_iterable(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', (('R', 2), ('W', 8), ('X', 32)))
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<(2*i+1)
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_from_dict(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', OrderedDict((('R', 2), ('W', 8), ('X', 32))))
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<(2*i+1)
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)


    def test_programatic_function_from_empty_list(self):
        Perm = enum.IntFlag('Perm', [])
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 0, Perm)
        Thing = enum.Enum('Thing', [])
        lst = list(Thing)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Thing))
        self.assertEqual(len(Thing), 0, Thing)


    def test_programatic_function_from_empty_tuple(self):
        Perm = enum.IntFlag('Perm', ())
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 0, Perm)
        Thing = enum.Enum('Thing', ())
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Thing))
        self.assertEqual(len(Thing), 0, Thing)

    def test_contains_tf(self):
        Open = self.Open
        Color = self.Color
        self.assertTrue(Color.GREEN in Color)
        self.assertTrue(Open.RW in Open)
        self.assertFalse('GREEN' in Color)
        self.assertFalse('RW' in Open)
        self.assertTrue(2 in Color)
        self.assertTrue(2 in Open)

    def test_member_contains(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        R, W, X = Perm
        RW = R | W
        RX = R | X
        WX = W | X
        RWX = R | W | X
        self.assertTrue(R in RW)
        self.assertTrue(R in RX)
        self.assertTrue(R in RWX)
        self.assertTrue(W in RW)
        self.assertTrue(W in WX)
        self.assertTrue(W in RWX)
        self.assertTrue(X in RX)
        self.assertTrue(X in WX)
        self.assertTrue(X in RWX)
        self.assertFalse(R in WX)
        self.assertFalse(W in RX)
        self.assertFalse(X in RW)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            self.assertFalse('test' in RW)

    def test_member_iter(self):
        Color = self.Color
        self.assertEqual(list(Color.BLACK), [])
        self.assertEqual(list(Color.PURPLE), [Color.RED, Color.BLUE])
        self.assertEqual(list(Color.BLUE), [Color.BLUE])
        self.assertEqual(list(Color.GREEN), [Color.GREEN])
        self.assertEqual(list(Color.WHITE), [Color.RED, Color.GREEN, Color.BLUE])

    def test_member_length(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.Color.__len__(self.Color.BLACK), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.Color.__len__(self.Color.GREEN), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.Color.__len__(self.Color.PURPLE), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.Color.__len__(self.Color.BLANCO), 3)

    def test_aliases(self):
        Color = self.Color
        self.assertEqual(Color(1).name, 'RED')
        self.assertEqual(Color['ROJO'].name, 'RED')
        self.assertEqual(Color(7).name, 'WHITE')
        self.assertEqual(Color['BLANCO'].name, 'WHITE')
        self.assertIs(Color.BLANCO, Color.WHITE)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open['AC'], Open.AC)

    def test_bool(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for f in Perm:
            self.assertTrue(f)
        Open = self.Open
        for f in Open:
            self.assertEqual(bool(f.value), bool(f))


    def test_multiple_mixin(self):
        class AllMixin:
            @classproperty
            def ALL(cls):
                members = list(cls)
                all_value = None
                if members:
                    all_value = members[0]
                    for member in members[1:]:
                        all_value |= member
                cls.ALL = all_value
                return all_value
        class StrMixin:
            def __str__(self):
                return self._name_.lower()
        class Color(AllMixin, IntFlag):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.ALL.value, 7)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), '4')
        class Color(AllMixin, StrMixin, IntFlag):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
            __str__ = StrMixin.__str__
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.ALL.value, 7)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'blue')
        class Color(StrMixin, AllMixin, IntFlag):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
            __str__ = StrMixin.__str__
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.ALL.value, 7)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'blue')

    @threading_helper.reap_threads
    @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
    def test_unique_composite(self):
        # override __eq__ to be identity only
        class TestFlag(IntFlag):
            one = auto()
            two = auto()
            three = auto()
            four = auto()
            five = auto()
            six = auto()
            seven = auto()
            eight = auto()
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self is other
            def __hash__(self):
                return hash(self._value_)
        # have multiple threads competing to complete the composite members
        seen = set()
        failed = False
        def cycle_enum():
            nonlocal failed
            try:
                for i in range(256):
                    seen.add(TestFlag(i))
            except Exception:
                failed = True
        threads = [
                threading.Thread(target=cycle_enum)
                for _ in range(8)
                ]
        with threading_helper.start_threads(threads):
            pass
        # check that only 248 members were created
        self.assertFalse(
                failed,
                'at least one thread failed while creating composite members')
        self.assertEqual(256, len(seen), 'too many composite members created')


class TestEmptyAndNonLatinStrings(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_empty_string(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            empty_abc = Enum('empty_abc', ('', 'B', 'C'))

    def test_non_latin_character_string(self):
        greek_abc = Enum('greek_abc', ('\u03B1', 'B', 'C'))
        item = getattr(greek_abc, '\u03B1')
        self.assertEqual(item.value, 1)

    def test_non_latin_number_string(self):
        hebrew_123 = Enum('hebrew_123', ('\u05D0', '2', '3'))
        item = getattr(hebrew_123, '\u05D0')
        self.assertEqual(item.value, 1)


class TestUnique(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_unique_clean(self):
        @unique
        class Clean(Enum):
            one = 1
            two = 'dos'
            tres = 4.0
        #
        @unique
        class Cleaner(IntEnum):
            single = 1
            double = 2
            triple = 3

    def test_unique_dirty(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'tres.*one'):
            @unique
            class Dirty(Enum):
                one = 1
                two = 'dos'
                tres = 1
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
                ValueError,
                'double.*single.*turkey.*triple',
                ):
            @unique
            class Dirtier(IntEnum):
                single = 1
                double = 1
                triple = 3
                turkey = 3

    def test_unique_with_name(self):
        @verify(UNIQUE)
        class Silly(Enum):
            one = 1
            two = 'dos'
            name = 3
        #
        @verify(UNIQUE)
        class Sillier(IntEnum):
            single = 1
            name = 2
            triple = 3
            value = 4

class TestVerify(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_continuous(self):
        @verify(CONTINUOUS)
        class Auto(Enum):
            FIRST = auto()
            SECOND = auto()
            THIRD = auto()
            FORTH = auto()
        #
        @verify(CONTINUOUS)
        class Manual(Enum):
            FIRST = 3
            SECOND = 4
            THIRD = 5
            FORTH = 6
        #
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'invalid enum .Missing.: missing values 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12'):
            @verify(CONTINUOUS)
            class Missing(Enum):
                FIRST = 3
                SECOND = 4
                THIRD = 11
                FORTH = 13
        #
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'invalid flag .Incomplete.: missing values 32'):
            @verify(CONTINUOUS)
            class Incomplete(Flag):
                FIRST = 4
                SECOND = 8
                THIRD = 16
                FORTH = 64
        #
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'invalid flag .StillIncomplete.: missing values 16'):
            @verify(CONTINUOUS)
            class StillIncomplete(Flag):
                FIRST = 4
                SECOND = 8
                THIRD = 11
                FORTH = 32


    def test_composite(self):
        class Bizarre(Flag):
            b = 3
            c = 4
            d = 6
        self.assertEqual(list(Bizarre), [Bizarre.c])
        self.assertEqual(Bizarre.b.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Bizarre.c.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Bizarre.d.value, 6)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
                ValueError,
                "invalid Flag 'Bizarre': aliases b and d are missing combined values of 0x3 .use enum.show_flag_values.value. for details.",
            ):
            @verify(NAMED_FLAGS)
            class Bizarre(Flag):
                b = 3
                c = 4
                d = 6
        #
        self.assertEqual(enum.show_flag_values(3), [1, 2])
        class Bizarre(IntFlag):
            b = 3
            c = 4
            d = 6
        self.assertEqual(list(Bizarre), [Bizarre.c])
        self.assertEqual(Bizarre.b.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Bizarre.c.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Bizarre.d.value, 6)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
                ValueError,
                "invalid Flag 'Bizarre': alias d is missing value 0x2 .use enum.show_flag_values.value. for details.",
            ):
            @verify(NAMED_FLAGS)
            class Bizarre(IntFlag):
                c = 4
                d = 6
        self.assertEqual(enum.show_flag_values(2), [2])

    def test_unique_clean(self):
        @verify(UNIQUE)
        class Clean(Enum):
            one = 1
            two = 'dos'
            tres = 4.0
        #
        @verify(UNIQUE)
        class Cleaner(IntEnum):
            single = 1
            double = 2
            triple = 3

    def test_unique_dirty(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'tres.*one'):
            @verify(UNIQUE)
            class Dirty(Enum):
                one = 1
                two = 'dos'
                tres = 1
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
                ValueError,
                'double.*single.*turkey.*triple',
                ):
            @verify(UNIQUE)
            class Dirtier(IntEnum):
                single = 1
                double = 1
                triple = 3
                turkey = 3

    def test_unique_with_name(self):
        @verify(UNIQUE)
        class Silly(Enum):
            one = 1
            two = 'dos'
            name = 3
        #
        @verify(UNIQUE)
        class Sillier(IntEnum):
            single = 1
            name = 2
            triple = 3
            value = 4

    def test_negative_alias(self):
        @verify(NAMED_FLAGS)
        class Color(Flag):
            RED = 1
            GREEN = 2
            BLUE = 4
            WHITE = -1
        # no error means success


class TestInternals(unittest.TestCase):

    sunder_names = '_bad_', '_good_', '_what_ho_'
    dunder_names = '__mal__', '__bien__', '__que_que__'
    private_names = '_MyEnum__private', '_MyEnum__still_private'
    private_and_sunder_names = '_MyEnum__private_', '_MyEnum__also_private_'
    random_names = 'okay', '_semi_private', '_weird__', '_MyEnum__'

    def test_sunder(self):
        for name in self.sunder_names + self.private_and_sunder_names:
            self.assertTrue(enum._is_sunder(name), '%r is a not sunder name?' % name)
        for name in self.dunder_names + self.private_names + self.random_names:
            self.assertFalse(enum._is_sunder(name), '%r is a sunder name?' % name)

    def test_dunder(self):
        for name in self.dunder_names:
            self.assertTrue(enum._is_dunder(name), '%r is a not dunder name?' % name)
        for name in self.sunder_names + self.private_names + self.private_and_sunder_names + self.random_names:
            self.assertFalse(enum._is_dunder(name), '%r is a dunder name?' % name)

    def test_is_private(self):
        for name in self.private_names + self.private_and_sunder_names:
            self.assertTrue(enum._is_private('MyEnum', name), '%r is a not private name?')
        for name in self.sunder_names + self.dunder_names + self.random_names:
            self.assertFalse(enum._is_private('MyEnum', name), '%r is a private name?')

    def test_auto_number(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            red = auto()
            blue = auto()
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 3)

    def test_auto_name(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last):
                return name
            red = auto()
            blue = auto()
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 'green')

    def test_auto_name_inherit(self):
        class AutoNameEnum(Enum):
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last):
                return name
        class Color(AutoNameEnum):
            red = auto()
            blue = auto()
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 'green')

    @unittest.skipIf(
            python_version >= (3, 13),
            'mixed types with auto() no longer supported',
            )
    def test_auto_garbage_ok(self):
        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, 'will require all values to be sortable'):
            class Color(Enum):
                red = 'red'
                blue = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 1)

    @unittest.skipIf(
            python_version >= (3, 13),
            'mixed types with auto() no longer supported',
            )
    def test_auto_garbage_corrected_ok(self):
        with self.assertWarnsRegex(DeprecationWarning, 'will require all values to be sortable'):
            class Color(Enum):
                red = 'red'
                blue = 2
                green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 3)

    @unittest.skipIf(
            python_version < (3, 13),
            'mixed types with auto() will raise in 3.13',
            )
    def test_auto_garbage_fail(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'will require all values to be sortable'):
            class Color(Enum):
                red = 'red'
                blue = auto()

    @unittest.skipIf(
            python_version < (3, 13),
            'mixed types with auto() will raise in 3.13',
            )
    def test_auto_garbage_corrected_fail(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'will require all values to be sortable'):
            class Color(Enum):
                red = 'red'
                blue = 2
                green = auto()

    def test_auto_order(self):
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            class Color(Enum):
                red = auto()
                green = auto()
                blue = auto()
                def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last):
                    return name

    def test_auto_order_wierd(self):
        weird_auto = auto()
        weird_auto.value = 'pathological case'
        class Color(Enum):
            red = weird_auto
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last):
                return name
            blue = auto()
        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 'pathological case')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 'blue')

    @unittest.skipIf(
            python_version < (3, 13),
            'auto() will return highest value + 1 in 3.13',
            )
    def test_auto_with_aliases(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            red = auto()
            blue = auto()
            oxford = blue
            crimson = red
            green = auto()
        self.assertIs(Color.crimson, Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color.oxford, Color.blue)
        self.assertIsNot(Color.green, Color.red)
        self.assertIsNot(Color.green, Color.blue)

    def test_duplicate_auto(self):
        class Dupes(Enum):
            first = primero = auto()
            second = auto()
            third = auto()
        self.assertEqual([Dupes.first, Dupes.second, Dupes.third], list(Dupes))

    def test_multiple_auto_on_line(self):
        class Huh(Enum):
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto(), auto()
            THREE = auto(), auto(), auto()
        self.assertEqual(Huh.ONE.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Huh.TWO.value, (2, 3))
        self.assertEqual(Huh.THREE.value, (4, 5, 6))
        #
        class Hah(Enum):
            def __new__(cls, value, abbr=None):
                member = object.__new__(cls)
                member._value_ = value
                member.abbr = abbr or value[:3].lower()
                return member
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last):
                return name
            #
            MONDAY = auto()
            TUESDAY = auto()
            WEDNESDAY = auto(), 'WED'
            THURSDAY = auto(), 'Thu'
            FRIDAY = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Hah.MONDAY.value, 'MONDAY')
        self.assertEqual(Hah.MONDAY.abbr, 'mon')
        self.assertEqual(Hah.TUESDAY.value, 'TUESDAY')
        self.assertEqual(Hah.TUESDAY.abbr, 'tue')
        self.assertEqual(Hah.WEDNESDAY.value, 'WEDNESDAY')
        self.assertEqual(Hah.WEDNESDAY.abbr, 'WED')
        self.assertEqual(Hah.THURSDAY.value, 'THURSDAY')
        self.assertEqual(Hah.THURSDAY.abbr, 'Thu')
        self.assertEqual(Hah.FRIDAY.value, 'FRIDAY')
        self.assertEqual(Hah.FRIDAY.abbr, 'fri')
        #
        class Huh(Enum):
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last):
                return count+1
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto(), auto()
            THREE = auto(), auto(), auto()
        self.assertEqual(Huh.ONE.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Huh.TWO.value, (2, 2))
        self.assertEqual(Huh.THREE.value, (3, 3, 3))

class TestEnumTypeSubclassing(unittest.TestCase):
    pass

expected_help_output_with_docs = """\
Help on class Color in module %s:

class Color(enum.Enum)
 |  Color(*values)
 |
 |  Method resolution order:
 |      Color
 |      enum.Enum
 |      builtins.object
 |
 |  Data and other attributes defined here:
 |
 |  CYAN = <Color.CYAN: 1>
 |
 |  MAGENTA = <Color.MAGENTA: 2>
 |
 |  YELLOW = <Color.YELLOW: 3>
 |
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data descriptors inherited from enum.Enum:
 |
 |  name
 |      The name of the Enum member.
 |
 |  value
 |      The value of the Enum member.
 |
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Methods inherited from enum.EnumType:
 |
 |  __contains__(value) from enum.EnumType
 |      Return True if `value` is in `cls`.
 |
 |      `value` is in `cls` if:
 |      1) `value` is a member of `cls`, or
 |      2) `value` is the value of one of the `cls`'s members.
 |
 |  __getitem__(name) from enum.EnumType
 |      Return the member matching `name`.
 |
 |  __iter__() from enum.EnumType
 |      Return members in definition order.
 |
 |  __len__() from enum.EnumType
 |      Return the number of members (no aliases)
 |
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Readonly properties inherited from enum.EnumType:
 |
 |  __members__
 |      Returns a mapping of member name->value.
 |
 |      This mapping lists all enum members, including aliases. Note that this
 |      is a read-only view of the internal mapping."""

expected_help_output_without_docs = """\
Help on class Color in module %s:

class Color(enum.Enum)
 |  Color(*values)
 |
 |  Method resolution order:
 |      Color
 |      enum.Enum
 |      builtins.object
 |
 |  Data and other attributes defined here:
 |
 |  YELLOW = <Color.YELLOW: 3>
 |
 |  MAGENTA = <Color.MAGENTA: 2>
 |
 |  CYAN = <Color.CYAN: 1>
 |
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data descriptors inherited from enum.Enum:
 |
 |  name
 |
 |  value
 |
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data descriptors inherited from enum.EnumType:
 |
 |  __members__"""

class TestStdLib(unittest.TestCase):

    maxDiff = None

    class Color(Enum):
        CYAN = 1
        MAGENTA = 2
        YELLOW = 3

    def test_pydoc(self):
        # indirectly test __objclass__
        if StrEnum.__doc__ is None:
            expected_text = expected_help_output_without_docs % __name__
        else:
            expected_text = expected_help_output_with_docs % __name__
        output = StringIO()
        helper = pydoc.Helper(output=output)
        helper(self.Color)
        result = output.getvalue().strip()
        self.assertEqual(result, expected_text, result)

    def test_inspect_getmembers(self):
        values = dict((
                ('__class__', EnumType),
                ('__doc__', '...'),
                ('__members__', self.Color.__members__),
                ('__module__', __name__),
                ('YELLOW', self.Color.YELLOW),
                ('MAGENTA', self.Color.MAGENTA),
                ('CYAN', self.Color.CYAN),
                ('name', Enum.__dict__['name']),
                ('value', Enum.__dict__['value']),
                ('__len__', self.Color.__len__),
                ('__contains__', self.Color.__contains__),
                ('__name__', 'Color'),
                ('__getitem__', self.Color.__getitem__),
                ('__qualname__', 'TestStdLib.Color'),
                ('__init_subclass__', getattr(self.Color, '__init_subclass__')),
                ('__iter__', self.Color.__iter__),
                ))
        result = dict(inspect.getmembers(self.Color))
        self.assertEqual(set(values.keys()), set(result.keys()))
        failed = False
        for k in values.keys():
            if k == '__doc__':
                # __doc__ is huge, not comparing
                continue
            if result[k] != values[k]:
                print()
                print('\n%s\n     key: %s\n  result: %s\nexpected: %s\n%s\n' %
                        ('=' * 75, k, result[k], values[k], '=' * 75), sep='')
                failed = True
        if failed:
            self.fail("result does not equal expected, see print above")

    def test_inspect_classify_class_attrs(self):
        # indirectly test __objclass__
        from inspect import Attribute
        values = [
                Attribute(name='__class__', kind='data',
                    defining_class=object, object=EnumType),
                Attribute(name='__contains__', kind='method',
                    defining_class=EnumType, object=self.Color.__contains__),
                Attribute(name='__doc__', kind='data',
                    defining_class=self.Color, object='...'),
                Attribute(name='__getitem__', kind='method',
                    defining_class=EnumType, object=self.Color.__getitem__),
                Attribute(name='__iter__', kind='method',
                    defining_class=EnumType, object=self.Color.__iter__),
                Attribute(name='__init_subclass__', kind='class method',
                    defining_class=object, object=getattr(self.Color, '__init_subclass__')),
                Attribute(name='__len__', kind='method',
                    defining_class=EnumType, object=self.Color.__len__),
                Attribute(name='__members__', kind='property',
                    defining_class=EnumType, object=EnumType.__members__),
                Attribute(name='__module__', kind='data',
                    defining_class=self.Color, object=__name__),
                Attribute(name='__name__', kind='data',
                    defining_class=self.Color, object='Color'),
                Attribute(name='__qualname__', kind='data',
                    defining_class=self.Color, object='TestStdLib.Color'),
                Attribute(name='YELLOW', kind='data',
                    defining_class=self.Color, object=self.Color.YELLOW),
                Attribute(name='MAGENTA', kind='data',
                    defining_class=self.Color, object=self.Color.MAGENTA),
                Attribute(name='CYAN', kind='data',
                    defining_class=self.Color, object=self.Color.CYAN),
                Attribute(name='name', kind='data',
                    defining_class=Enum, object=Enum.__dict__['name']),
                Attribute(name='value', kind='data',
                    defining_class=Enum, object=Enum.__dict__['value']),
                ]
        for v in values:
            try:
                v.name
            except AttributeError:
                print(v)
        values.sort(key=lambda item: item.name)
        result = list(inspect.classify_class_attrs(self.Color))
        result.sort(key=lambda item: item.name)
        self.assertEqual(
                len(values), len(result),
                "%s != %s" % ([a.name for a in values], [a.name for a in result])
                )
        failed = False
        for v, r in zip(values, result):
            if r.name in ('__init_subclass__', '__doc__'):
                # not sure how to make the __init_subclass_ Attributes match
                # so as long as there is one, call it good
                # __doc__ is too big to check exactly, so treat the same as __init_subclass__
                for name in ('name','kind','defining_class'):
                    if getattr(v, name) != getattr(r, name):
                        print('\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n' % ('=' * 75, r, v, '=' * 75), sep='')
                        failed = True
            elif r != v:
                print('\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n' % ('=' * 75, r, v, '=' * 75), sep='')
                failed = True
        if failed:
            self.fail("result does not equal expected, see print above")

    def test_inspect_signatures(self):
        from inspect import signature, Signature, Parameter
        self.assertEqual(
                signature(Enum),
                Signature([
                    Parameter('new_class_name', Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY),
                    Parameter('names', Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD),
                    Parameter('module', Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, default=None),
                    Parameter('qualname', Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, default=None),
                    Parameter('type', Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, default=None),
                    Parameter('start', Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, default=1),
                    Parameter('boundary', Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, default=None),
                    ]),
                )
        self.assertEqual(
                signature(enum.FlagBoundary),
                Signature([
                    Parameter('values', Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL),
                    ]),
                )

    def test_test_simple_enum(self):
        @_simple_enum(Enum)
        class SimpleColor:
            CYAN = 1
            MAGENTA = 2
            YELLOW = 3
            @bltns.property
            def zeroth(self):
                return 'zeroed %s' % self.name
        class CheckedColor(Enum):
            CYAN = 1
            MAGENTA = 2
            YELLOW = 3
            @bltns.property
            def zeroth(self):
                return 'zeroed %s' % self.name
        self.assertTrue(_test_simple_enum(CheckedColor, SimpleColor) is None)
        SimpleColor.MAGENTA._value_ = 9
        self.assertRaisesRegex(
                TypeError, "enum mismatch",
                _test_simple_enum, CheckedColor, SimpleColor,
                )
        class CheckedMissing(IntFlag, boundary=KEEP):
            SIXTY_FOUR = 64
            ONE_TWENTY_EIGHT = 128
            TWENTY_FORTY_EIGHT = 2048
            ALL = 2048 + 128 + 64 + 12
        CM = CheckedMissing
        self.assertEqual(list(CheckedMissing), [CM.SIXTY_FOUR, CM.ONE_TWENTY_EIGHT, CM.TWENTY_FORTY_EIGHT])
        #
        @_simple_enum(IntFlag, boundary=KEEP)
        class Missing:
            SIXTY_FOUR = 64
            ONE_TWENTY_EIGHT = 128
            TWENTY_FORTY_EIGHT = 2048
            ALL = 2048 + 128 + 64 + 12
        M = Missing
        self.assertEqual(list(CheckedMissing), [M.SIXTY_FOUR, M.ONE_TWENTY_EIGHT, M.TWENTY_FORTY_EIGHT])
        #
        _test_simple_enum(CheckedMissing, Missing)


class MiscTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    def test__all__(self):
        support.check__all__(self, enum, not_exported={'bin', 'show_flag_values'})

    def test_doc_1(self):
        class Single(Enum):
            ONE = 1
        self.assertEqual(Single.__doc__, None)

    def test_doc_2(self):
        class Double(Enum):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
        self.assertEqual(Double.__doc__, None)

    def test_doc_3(self):
        class Triple(Enum):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
            THREE = 3
        self.assertEqual(Triple.__doc__, None)

    def test_doc_4(self):
        class Quadruple(Enum):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
            THREE = 3
            FOUR = 4
        self.assertEqual(Quadruple.__doc__, None)


# These are unordered here on purpose to ensure that declaration order
# makes no difference.
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_D = 5
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_C = 5
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_B = 5
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_A = 5  # This one should sort first.
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_E = 5
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_F = 5

CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_D = 5
CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_C = 5
CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_B = 5
CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_A = 5  # This one should sort first.
CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_E = 5
CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_F = 5

# global names for StrEnum._convert_ test
CONVERT_STR_TEST_2 = 'goodbye'
CONVERT_STR_TEST_1 = 'hello'

# We also need values that cannot be compared:
UNCOMPARABLE_A = 5
UNCOMPARABLE_C = (9, 1)  # naming order is broken on purpose
UNCOMPARABLE_B = 'value'

COMPLEX_C = 1j
COMPLEX_A = 2j
COMPLEX_B = 3j

class TestConvert(unittest.TestCase):
    def tearDown(self):
        # Reset the module-level test variables to their original integer
        # values, otherwise the already created enum values get converted
        # instead.
        g = globals()
        for suffix in ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F']:
            g['CONVERT_TEST_NAME_%s' % suffix] = 5
            g['CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_%s' % suffix] = 5
        for suffix, value in (('A', 5), ('B', (9, 1)), ('C', 'value')):
            g['UNCOMPARABLE_%s' % suffix] = value
        for suffix, value in (('A', 2j), ('B', 3j), ('C', 1j)):
            g['COMPLEX_%s' % suffix] = value
        for suffix, value in (('1', 'hello'), ('2', 'goodbye')):
            g['CONVERT_STR_TEST_%s' % suffix] = value

    def test_convert_value_lookup_priority(self):
        test_type = enum.IntEnum._convert_(
                'UnittestConvert',
                MODULE,
                filter=lambda x: x.startswith('CONVERT_TEST_'))
        # We don't want the reverse lookup value to vary when there are
        # multiple possible names for a given value.  It should always
        # report the first lexigraphical name in that case.
        self.assertEqual(test_type(5).name, 'CONVERT_TEST_NAME_A')

    def test_convert_int(self):
        test_type = enum.IntEnum._convert_(
                'UnittestConvert',
                MODULE,
                filter=lambda x: x.startswith('CONVERT_TEST_'))
        # Ensure that test_type has all of the desired names and values.
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_F,
                         test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_A)
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_B, 5)
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_C, 5)
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_D, 5)
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_E, 5)
        # Ensure that test_type only picked up names matching the filter.
        extra = [name for name in dir(test_type) if name not in enum_dir(test_type)]
        missing = [name for name in enum_dir(test_type) if name not in dir(test_type)]
        self.assertEqual(
                extra + missing,
                [],
                msg='extra names: %r;  missing names: %r' % (extra, missing),
                )


    def test_convert_uncomparable(self):
        uncomp = enum.Enum._convert_(
                'Uncomparable',
                MODULE,
                filter=lambda x: x.startswith('UNCOMPARABLE_'))
        # Should be ordered by `name` only:
        self.assertEqual(
            list(uncomp),
            [uncomp.UNCOMPARABLE_A, uncomp.UNCOMPARABLE_B, uncomp.UNCOMPARABLE_C],
            )

    def test_convert_complex(self):
        uncomp = enum.Enum._convert_(
            'Uncomparable',
            MODULE,
            filter=lambda x: x.startswith('COMPLEX_'))
        # Should be ordered by `name` only:
        self.assertEqual(
            list(uncomp),
            [uncomp.COMPLEX_A, uncomp.COMPLEX_B, uncomp.COMPLEX_C],
            )

    def test_convert_str(self):
        test_type = enum.StrEnum._convert_(
                'UnittestConvert',
                MODULE,
                filter=lambda x: x.startswith('CONVERT_STR_'),
                as_global=True)
        # Ensure that test_type has all of the desired names and values.
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_STR_TEST_1, 'hello')
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_STR_TEST_2, 'goodbye')
        # Ensure that test_type only picked up names matching the filter.
        extra = [name for name in dir(test_type) if name not in enum_dir(test_type)]
        missing = [name for name in enum_dir(test_type) if name not in dir(test_type)]
        self.assertEqual(
                extra + missing,
                [],
                msg='extra names: %r;  missing names: %r' % (extra, missing),
                )
        self.assertEqual(repr(test_type.CONVERT_STR_TEST_1), '%s.CONVERT_STR_TEST_1' % SHORT_MODULE)
        self.assertEqual(str(test_type.CONVERT_STR_TEST_2), 'goodbye')
        self.assertEqual(format(test_type.CONVERT_STR_TEST_1), 'hello')

    def test_convert_raise(self):
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            enum.IntEnum._convert(
                'UnittestConvert',
                MODULE,
                filter=lambda x: x.startswith('CONVERT_TEST_'))

    def test_convert_repr_and_str(self):
        test_type = enum.IntEnum._convert_(
                'UnittestConvert',
                MODULE,
                filter=lambda x: x.startswith('CONVERT_STRING_TEST_'),
                as_global=True)
        self.assertEqual(repr(test_type.CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_A), '%s.CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_A' % SHORT_MODULE)
        self.assertEqual(str(test_type.CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_A), '5')
        self.assertEqual(format(test_type.CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_A), '5')


# helpers

def enum_dir(cls):
    interesting = set([
            '__class__', '__contains__', '__doc__', '__getitem__',
            '__iter__', '__len__', '__members__', '__module__',
            '__name__', '__qualname__',
            ]
            + cls._member_names_
            )
    if cls._new_member_ is not object.__new__:
        interesting.add('__new__')
    if cls.__init_subclass__ is not object.__init_subclass__:
        interesting.add('__init_subclass__')
    if cls._member_type_ is object:
        return sorted(interesting)
    else:
        # return whatever mixed-in data type has
        return sorted(set(dir(cls._member_type_)) | interesting)

def member_dir(member):
    if member.__class__._member_type_ is object:
        allowed = set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__hash__', '__module__', 'name', 'value'])
    else:
        allowed = set(dir(member))
    for cls in member.__class__.mro():
        for name, obj in cls.__dict__.items():
            if name[0] == '_':
                continue
            if isinstance(obj, enum.property):
                if obj.fget is not None or name not in member._member_map_:
                    allowed.add(name)
                else:
                    allowed.discard(name)
            else:
                allowed.add(name)
    return sorted(allowed)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()