The grammar notation is described in §§.
input-file::
input-element
input-file input-element
input-element::
comment
white-space
token
comment::
single-line-comment
delimited-comment
single-line-comment::
// input-charactersopt
# input-charactersopt
input-characters::
input-character
input-characters input-character
input-character::
Any source character except new-line
new-line::
Carriage-return character (U+000D)
Line-feed character (U+000A)
Carriage-return character (U+000D) followed by line-feed character (U+000A)
delimited-comment::
/* No characters or any source character sequence except /* */
white-space::
white-space-character
white-space white-space-character
white-space-character::
new-line
Space character (U+0020)
Horizontal-tab character (U+0009)
token::
variable-name
name
keyword
literal
operator-or-punctuator
variable-name::
$ name
name::
name-nondigit
name name-nondigit
name digit
name-nondigit::
nondigit
one of the characters U+007f–U+00ff
nondigit:: one of
_
a b c d e f g h i j k l m
n o p q r s t u v w x y z
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
keyword:: one of
abstract arraykey as async break case catch class classname clone const continue default do
echo else elseif enum extends final finally for foreach function if implements
instanceof insteadof interface mixed namespace new newtype noreturn num parent private
protected public require require_once return self shape static switch throw trait try
tuple type use while yield
literal::
boolean-literal
integer-literal
floating-literal
string-literal
null-literal
boolean-literal::
true
false
integer-literal::
decimal-literal
octal-literal
hexadecimal-literal
binary-literal
decimal-literal::
nonzero-digit
decimal-literal digit
octal-literal::
0
octal-literal octal-digit
hexadecimal-literal::
hexadecimal-prefix hexadecimal-digit
hexadecimal-literal hexadecimal-digit
hexadecimal-prefix:: one of
0x 0X
binary-literal::
binary-prefix binary-digit
binary-literal binary-digit
binary-prefix:: one of
0b 0B
digit:: one of
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
nonzero-digit:: one of
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
octal-digit:: one of
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
hexadecimal-digit:: one of
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
a b c d e f
A B C D E F
binary-digit:: one of
0 1
floating-literal::
fractional-literal exponent-partopt
digit-sequence exponent-part
fractional-literal::
digit-sequenceopt . digit-sequence
digit-sequence .
exponent-part::
e signopt digit-sequence
E signopt digit-sequence
sign:: one of
+ -
digit-sequence::
digit
digit-sequence digit
string-literal::
single-quoted-string-literal
double-quoted-string-literal
heredoc-string-literal
nowdoc-string-literal
single-quoted-string-literal::
bopt ' sq-char-sequenceopt '
sq-char-sequence::
sq-char
sq-char-sequence sq-char
sq-char::
sq-escape-sequence
\opt any member of the source character set except single-quote (') or backslash (\)
sq-escape-sequence:: one of
\' \\
double-quoted-string-literal::
bopt " dq-char-sequenceopt "
dq-char-sequence::
dq-char
dq-char-sequence dq-char
dq-char::
dq-escape-sequence
any member of the source character set except double-quote (") or backslash (\)
\ any member of the source character set except "\$efnrtvxX or
octal-digit
dq-escape-sequence::
dq-simple-escape-sequence
dq-octal-escape-sequence
dq-hexadecimal-escape-sequence
dq-simple-escape-sequence:: one of
\" \\ \$ \e \f \n \r \t \v
dq-octal-escape-sequence::
\ octal-digit
\ octal-digit octal-digit
\ octal-digit octal-digit octal-digit
dq-hexadecimal-escape-sequence::
\x hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digitopt
\X hexadecimal-digit hexadecimal-digitopt
heredoc-string-literal::
<<< hd-start-identifier new-line hd-char-sequenceopt new-line hd-end-identifier ;opt new-line
hd-start-identifier::
name
hd-end-identifier::
name
hd-char-sequence::
hd-char
hd-char-sequence hd-char
hd-char::
hd-escape-sequence
any member of the source character set except backslash (\)
\ any member of the source character set except \$efnrtvxX or
octal-digit
hd-escape-sequence::
hd-simple-escape-sequence
dq-octal-escape-sequence
dq-hexadecimal-escape-sequence
hd-simple-escape-sequence:: one of
\\ \$ \e \f \n \r \t \v
nowdoc-string-literal::
<<< ' hd-start-identifier ' new-line hd-char-sequenceopt new-line hd-end-identifier ;opt new-line
null-literal::
null
operator-or-punctuator:: one of
[ ] ( ) { } . -> ++ -- ** * + - ~ !
$ / % << >> < > <= >= == === != !== ^ |
& && || ? ?? : ; = **= *= /= %= += -= .= <<=
>>= &= ^= |= , @ :: => ==> ?-> \ ... |> $$
script: <?hh // strict declaration-listopt declaration-list: declaration declaration-list declaration declaration: inclusion-directive enum-declaration function-definition class-declaration interface-declaration trait-declaration namespace-definition namespace-use-declaration alias-declaration
type-specifier: bool int float num string arraykey void resource alias-type-specifier vector-like-array-type-specifier map-like-array-type-specifier enum-specifier class-interface-trait-specifier tuple-type-specifier shape-specifier closure-type-specifier nullable-type-specifier generic-type-parameter-name this classname-type-specifier type-constant-type-name alias-type-specifier: qualified-name enum-specifier: qualified-name class-interface-trait-specifier: qualified-name generic-type-argument-listopt type-specifier-list: type-specifiers ,opt type-specifiers: type-specifier type-specifiers , type-specifier type-constraint: as type-specifier type-constant-type-name: name :: name self :: name this :: name type-constant-type-name :: name
vector-like-array-type-specifier: array < array-value-type-specifier > map-like-array-type-specifier: array < array-value-type-specifier , array-value-type-specifier > array-value-type-specifier: type-specifier array-key-type-specifier: type-specifier
tuple-type-specifier: ( type-specifier , type-specifier-list )
shape-specifier: shape ( field-specifier-listopt ) field-specifier-list: field-specifier field-specifier-list , field-specifier field-specifier: single-quoted-string-literal => type-specifier qualified-name => type-specifier scope-resolution-expression => type-specifier
closure-type-specifier: ( function ( type-specifier-listopt ) : type-specifier )
nullable-type-specifier: ? type-specifier mixed
classname-type-specifier: classname < qualified-name generic-type-argument-listopt >
alias-declaration: attribute-specificationopt type name generic-type-parameter-listopt = type-specifier ; attribute-specificationopt newtype name generic-type-parameter-listopt type-constraintopt = type-specifier ;
function-static-declaration:
static static-declarator-list ;
static-declarator-list:
static-declarator
static-declarator-list , static-declarator
static-declarator:
variable-name function-static-initializeropt
function-static-initializer:
= const-expression
primary-expression:
variable-name
qualified-name
literal
const-expression
intrinsic
collection-literal
tuple-literal
shape-literal
anonymous-function-creation-expression
awaitable-creation-expression
( expression )
$this
$$
intrinsic:
array-intrinsic
echo-intrinsic
exit-intrinsic
invariant-intrinsic
list-intrinsic
array-intrinsic:
array ( array-initializeropt )
echo-intrinsic:
echo expression
echo ( expression )
echo expression-list-two-or-more
expression-list-two-or-more:
expression , expression
expression-list-two-or-more , expression
exit-intrinsic:
exit expressionopt
exit ( expressionopt )
invariant-intrinsic:
invariant ( condition , format )
invariant ( condition , format , values )
list-intrinsic:
list ( list-expression-listopt )
list-expression-list:
expression
,
list-expression-list , expressionopt
collection-literal:
non-key-collection-class-type { cl-initializer-list-without-keysopt }
key-collection-class-type { cl-initializer-list-with-keysopt }
pair-type { cl-element-value , cl-element-value }
non-key-collection-class-type:
qualified-name non-key-collection-class-type-hintopt
key-collection-class-type:
qualified-name key-collection-class-type-hintopt
non-key-collection-class-type-hint:
< type-specifier &rt;
key-collection-class-type-hint:
< type-specifier , type-specifier &rt;
pair-type:
qualified-name
cl-initializer-list-without-keys:
cl-element-value
cl-initializer-list-without-keys , cl-element-value
cl-initializer-list-with-keys:
cl-element-key => cl-element-value
cl-initializer-list-with-keys , cl-element-key => cl-element-value
cl-element-key:
expression
cl-element-value:
expression
tuple-literal:
tuple ( expression-list-one-or-more )
expression-list-one-or-more:
expression
expression-list-one-or-more , expression
shape-literal:
shape ( field-initializer-listopt )
field-initializer-list:
field-initializers ,opt
field-initializers:
field-initializer
field-initializers , field-initializer
field-initializer:
single-quoted-string-literal => expression
integer-literal => expression
qualified-name => expression
scope-resolution-expression => expression
anonymous-function-creation-expression:
asyncopt function ( anonymous-function-parameter-listopt ) anonymous-function-returnopt anonymous-function-use-clauseopt compound-statement
anonymous-function-parameter-list:
...
anonymous-function-parameter-declaration-list
anonymous-function-parameter-declaration-list ,
anonymous-function-parameter-declaration-list , ...
anonymous-function-parameter-declaration-list:
anonymous-function-parameter-declaration
anonymous-function-parameter-declaration-list , anonymous-function-parameter-declaration
anonymous-function-parameter-declaration:
attribute-specificationopt type-specifieropt variable-name default-argument-specifieropt
anonymous-function-return:
: return-type
anonymous-function-use-clause:
use ( use-variable-name-list ,opt )
use-variable-name-list:
variable-name
use-variable-name-list , variable-name
awaitable-creation-expression:
async { async-statement-listopt }
async-statement-list:
statement
async-statement-list statement
postfix-expression:
-expression
clone-expression
object-creation-expression
array-creation-expression
subscript-expression
function-call-expression
member-selection-expression
null-safe-member-selection-expression
postfix-increment-expression
postfix-decrement-expression
scope-resolution-expression
exponentiation-expression
clone-expression:
clone expression
object-creation-expression:
new class-type-designator ( argument-expression-listopt )
class-type-designator:
parent
self
static
member-selection-expression
null-safe-member-selection-expression
qualified-name
scope-resolution-expression
subscript-expression
variable-name
array-creation-expression:
array ( array-initializeropt )
[ array-initializeropt ]
array-initializer:
array-initializer-list ,opt
array-initializer-list:
array-element-initializer
array-element-initializer , array-initializer-list
array-element-initializer:
element-value
element-key => element-value
element-key:
expression
element-value
expression
subscript-expression:
postfix-expression [ expressionopt ]
postfix-expression { expressionopt } [Deprecated form]
function-call-expression:
postfix-expression ( argument-expression-listopt )
argument-expression-list:
argument-expressions ,opt
argument-expressions:
expression
argument-expressions , expression
member-selection-expression:
postfix-expression -> name
postfix-expression -> variable-name
null-safe-member-selection-expression:
postfix-expression ?-> name
postfix-expression ?-> variable-name
postfix-increment-expression:
unary-expression ++
postfix-decrement-expression:
unary-expression --
scope-resolution-expression:
scope-resolution-qualifier :: name
scope-resolution-qualifier :: variable-name
scope-resolution-qualifier :: class
scope-resolution-qualifier:
qualified-name
variable-name
self
parent
static
exponentiation-expression:
expression ** expression
unary-expression:
postfix-expression
prefix-increment-expression
prefix-decrement-expression
unary-op-expression
error-control-expression
cast-expression
await-expression
prefix-increment-expression:
++ unary-expression
prefix-decrement-expression:
-- unary-expression
unary-op-expression:
unary-operator cast-expression
unary-operator: one of
+ - ! ~
error-control-expression:
@ expression
cast-expression:
( cast-type ) unary-expression
cast-type: one of
bool int float string
await-expression:
await expression
instanceof-expression:
unary-expression
instanceof-subject instanceof instanceof-type-designator
instanceof-subject:
expression
instanceof-type-designator:
qualified-name
variable-name
multiplicative-expression:
instanceof-expression
multiplicative-expression * instanceof-expression
multiplicative-expression / instanceof-expression
multiplicative-expression % instanceof-expression
additive-expression:
multiplicative-expression
additive-expression + multiplicative-expression
additive-expression - multiplicative-expression
additive-expression . multiplicative-expression
shift-expression:
additive-expression
shift-expression << additive-expression
shift-expression >> additive-expression
relational-expression:
shift-expression
relational-expression < shift-expression
relational-expression > shift-expression
relational-expression <= shift-expression
relational-expression >= shift-expression
equality-expression:
relational-expression
equality-expression == relational-expression
equality-expression != relational-expression
equality-expression === relational-expression
equality-expression !== relational-expression
bitwise-AND-expression:
equality-expression
bit-wise-AND-expression & equality-expression
bitwise-exc-OR-expression:
bitwise-AND-expression
bitwise-exc-OR-expression ^ bitwise-AND-expression
bitwise-inc-OR-expression:
bitwise-exc-OR-expression
bitwise-inc-OR-expression | bitwise-exc-OR-expression
logical-AND-expression:
bitwise-inc-OR-expression
logical-AND-expression && bitwise-inc-OR-expression
logical-inc-OR-expression:
logical-AND-expression
logical-inc-OR-expression || logical-AND-expression
conditional-expression:
logical-inc-OR-expression
logical-inc-OR-expression ? expressionopt : conditional-expression
piped-expression:
coalesce-expression
piped-expression |> coalesce-expression
lambda-expression: piped-expression asyncopt lambda-function-signature ==> lambda-body lambda-function-signature: variable-name ( anonymous-function-parameter-declaration-listopt ) anonymous-function-returnopt lambda-body: expression compound-statement
assignment-expression:
lambda-expression
simple-assignment-expression
compound-assignment-expression
simple-assignment-expression:
unary-expression = assignment-expression
byref-assignment-expression:
unary-expression = & assignment-expression
compound-assignment-expression:
unary-expression compound-assignment-operator assignment-expression
compound-assignment-operator: one of
**= *= /= %= += -= .= <<= >>= &= ^= |=
expression:
assignment-expression
yield array-element-initializer
constant-expression:
array-creation-expression
collection-literal
tuple-literal
shape-literal
const-expression
const-expression:
expression
statement:
function-static-declaration
compound-statement
labeled-statement
expression-statement
selection-statement
iteration-statement
jump-statement
try-statement
compound-statement:
{ statement-listopt }
statement-list:
statement
statement-list statement
labeled-statement:
case-label
default-label
case-label:
case expression : statement
default-label:
default : statement
expression-statement:
expressionopt ;
selection-statement:
if-statement
switch-statement
if-statement:
if ( expression ) statement elseif-clauses-opt else-clause-opt
elseif-clauses:
elseif-clause
elseif-clauses elseif-clause
elseif-clause:
elseif ( expression ) statement
else-clause:
else statement
switch-statement:
switch ( expression ) compound-statement
iteration-statement:
while-statement
do-statement
for-statement
foreach-statement
while-statement:
while ( expression ) statement
do-statement:
do statement while ( expression ) ;
for-statement:
for ( for-initializeropt ; for-controlopt ; for-end-of-loopopt ) statement
for-initializer:
for-expression-group
for-control:
for-expression-group
for-end-of-loop:
for-expression-group
for-expression-group:
expression
for-expression-group , expression
foreach-statement:
foreach ( foreach-collection-name as foreach-keyopt foreach-value ) statement
foreach ( foreach-collection-name await as foreach-keyopt foreach-value ) statement
foreach-collection-name:
expression
foreach-key:
expression =>
foreach-value:
expression
list-intrinsic
jump-statement:
continue-statement
break-statement
return-statement
throw-statement
continue-statement:
continue ;
break-statement:
break ;
return-statement:
return expressionopt ;
throw-statement:
throw expression ;
try-statement:
try compound-statement catch-clauses
try compound-statement finally-clause
try compound-statement catch-clauses finally-clause
catch-clauses:
catch-clause
catch-clauses catch-clause
catch-clause:
catch ( type-specifier variable-name ) compound-statement
finally-clause:
finally compound-statement
inclusion-directive:
require-multiple-directive
require-once-directive
require-multiple-directive:
require include-filename ;
include-filename:
expression
require-once-directive:
require_once include-filename ;
enum-declaration:
enum name enum-base type-constraintopt { enumerator-listopt }
enum-base:
: int
: string
enumerator-list:
enumerator
enumerator-list enumerator
enumerator:
enumerator-constant = constant-expression ;
enumerator-constant:
name
generic-type-parameter-list:
< generic-type-parameters ,opt >
generic-type-parameters:
generic-type-parameter
generic-type-parameters , generic-type-parameter
generic-type-parameter:
generic-type-parameter-varianceopt generic-type-parameter-name type-constraintopt
generic-type-parameter-name:
name
generic-type-parameter-variance:
+
-
generic-type-argument-list:
< generic-type-arguments ,opt >
generic-type-arguments:
generic-type-argument
generic-type-arguments , generic-type-argument
generic-type-argument:
type-specifier
name
function-definition:
attribute-specificationopt function-definition-no-attribute
function-definition-no-attribute:
function-definition-header compound-statement
function-definition-header:
asyncopt function name generic-type-parameter-listopt ( parameter-listopt ) : return-type
parameter-list:
...
parameter-declaration-list ,opt
parameter-declaration-list , ...
parameter-declaration-list:
parameter-declaration
parameter-declaration-list , parameter-declaration
parameter-declaration:
attribute-specificationopt type-specifier variable-name default-argument-specifieropt
default-argument-specifier:
= const-expression
return-type:
type-specifier
noreturn
class-declaration:
attribute-specificationopt class-modifieropt class name generic-type-parameter-listopt class-base-clauseopt
class-interface-clauseopt { trait-use-clausesopt class-member-declarationsopt }
class-modifier:
abstract
final
abstract final
class-base-clause:
extends qualified-name generic-type-argument-listopt
class-interface-clause:
implements qualified-name generic-type-argument-listopt
class-interface-clause , qualified-name generic-type-argument-listopt
class-member-declarations:
class-member-declaration
class-member-declarations class-member-declaration
class-member-declaration:
const-declaration
property-declaration
method-declaration
constructor-declaration
destructor-declaration
type-constant-declaration
const-declaration:
abstractopt const type-specifieropt constant-declarator-list ;
constant-declarator-list:
constant-declarator
constant-declarator-list , constant-declarator
constant-declarator:
name constant-initializeropt
constant-initializer:
= const-expression
property-declaration:
property-modifier type-specifier property-declarator-list ;
property-declarator-list:
property-declarator
property-declarator-list , property-declarator
property-declarator:
variable-name property-initializeropt
property-modifier:
visibility-modifier static-modifieropt
static-modifier visibility-modifier
visibility-modifier:
public
protected
private
static-modifier:
static
property-initializer:
= expression
method-declaration:
attribute-specificationopt method-modifiers function-definition-no-attribute
attribute-specificationopt method-modifiers function-definition-header ;
method-modifiers:
method-modifier
method-modifiers method-modifier
method-modifier:
visibility-modifier
static-modifier
abstract
final
constructor-declaration:
attribute-specificationopt constructor-modifiers function __construct (
constructor-parameter-declaration-listopt ) void-returnopt compound-statement
constructor-parameter-declaration-list:
constructor-parameter-declaration
constructor-parameter-declaration-list , constructor-parameter-declaration
constructor-parameter-declaration:
visibility-modifieropt type-specifier variable-name default-argument-specifieropt
constructor-modifiers:
constructor-modifier
constructor-modifiers constructor-modifier
constructor-modifier:
visibility-modifier
abstract
final
destructor-declaration:
attribute-specificationopt visibility-modifier function __destruct ( ) void-returnopt compound-statement
void-return:
: void
type-constant-declaration:
abstract-type-constant-declaration
concrete-type-constant-declaration
abstract-type-constant-declaration:
abstract const type name type-constraintopt ;
concrete-type-constant-declaration:
const type name type-constraintopt = type-specifier ;
interface-declaration:
attribute-specificationopt interface name generic-type-parameter-listopt interface-base-clauseopt {
interface-member-declarationsopt }
interface-base-clause:
extends qualified-name generic-type-argument-listopt
interface-base-clause , qualified-name generic-type-argument-listopt
interface-member-declarations:
interface-member-declaration
interface-member-declarations interface-member-declaration
interface-member-declaration:
require-extends-clause
const-declaration
method-declaration
type-constant-declaration
trait-declaration:
attribute-specificationopt trait name generic-type-parameter-listopt class-interface-clauseopt {
trait-use-clausesopt trait-member-declarationsopt }
trait-use-clauses:
trait-use-clause
trait-use-clauses trait-use-clause
trait-use-clause:
use trait-name-list ;
trait-name-list:
qualified-name generic-type-argument-listopt
trait-name-list , qualified-name generic-type-argument-listopt
trait-member-declarations:
trait-member-declaration
trait-member-declarations trait-member-declaration
trait-member-declaration:
require-extends-clause
require-implements-clause
property-declaration
method-declaration
constructor-declaration
destructor-declaration
require-extends-clause:
require extends qualified-name ;
require-implements-clause:
require implements qualified-name ;
namespace-definition:
namespace namespace-name ;
namespace namespace-nameopt { declaration-listopt }
namespace-use-declaration:
use namespace-use-kindopt namespace-use-clauses ;
use namespace-use-kind namespace-name-as-a-prefix { namespace-use-clauses } ;
use namespace-name-as-a-prefix { namespace-use-kind-clauses } ;
namespace-use-clauses:
namespace-use-clause
namespace-use-clauses , namespace-use-clause
namespace-use-clause:
qualified-name namespace-aliasing-clauseopt
namespace-use-kind-clauses:
namespace-use-kind-clause
namespace-use-kind-clauses , namespace-use-kind-clause
namespace-use-kind-clause:
namespace-use-kindopt qualified-name namespace-aliasing-clauseopt
namespace-aliasing-clause:
as name
namespace-use-kind:
function
const
namespace-name:
name
namespace-name \ name
namespace-name-as-a-prefix:
\
\opt namespace-name \
namespace \
namespace \ namespace-name \
qualified-name:
namespace-name-as-a-prefixopt name
attribute-specification: << attribute-list >> attribute-list: attribute attribute-list , attribute attribute: attribute-name attribute-value-listopt attribute-name: name attribute-value-list: ( attribute-valuesopt ) attribute-values attribute-value attribute-values , attribute-value attribute-value: expression