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SeamlessExpressive

SeamlessExpressive model consists of two main modules: (1) Prosody UnitY2, which is a prosody-aware speech-to-unit translation model based on UnitY2 architecture; and (2) PRETSSEL, which is a unit-to-speech model featuring cross-lingual expressivity preservation.

SeamlessExpressive architectures

Prosody UnitY2

Prosody UnitY2 is an expressive speech-to-unit translation model, injecting expressivity embedding from PRETSSEL into the unit generation. It could transfer phrase-level prosody such as speech rate or pauses.

PRETSSEL

Paralinguistic REpresentation-based TextleSS acoustic modEL (PRETSSEL) is an expressive unit-to-speech generator, and it can efficiently disentangle semantic and expressivity components from speech. It transfers utterance-level expressivity like the style of one's voice.

Benchmark Datasets

mExpresso (Multilingual Expresso)

mExpresso is an expressive S2ST dataset that includes seven styles of read speech (i.e., default, happy, sad, confused, enunciated, whisper and laughing) between English and five other languages -- French, German, Italian, Mandarin and Spanish. We create the dataset by expanding a subset of read speech in Expresso Dataset. We first translate the English transcriptions into other languages, including the emphasis markers in the transcription, and then the gender matched bilingual speakers read the translation in the style suggested by the markers.

We are currently open source the text translation of the other language to enable evaluating English to other directions. We will open source the audio files in the near future.

Text translation in other languages can be Downloaded.

Statistics of mExpresso

language pair subset # items English duration (hr) # speakers
eng-cmn dev 2369 2.1 1
test 5003 4.8 2
eng-deu dev 4420 3.9 2
test 5733 5.6 2
eng-fra dev 4770 4.2 2
test 5742 5.6 2
eng-ita dev 4413 3.9 2
test 5756 5.7 2
eng-spa dev 4758 4.2 2
test 5693 5.5 2

Create mExpresso S2T dataset by downloading and combining with English Expresso

Run the following command to create English to other langauges speech-to-text dataset from scratch. It will first download the English Expresso dataset, downsample the audio to 16k Hz, and join with the text translation to form the manifest.

python3 -m seamless_communication.cli.expressivity.data.prepare_mexpresso \
    <OUTPUT_FOLDER>

The output manifest will be located at <OUTPUT_FOLDER>/{dev,test}_mexpresso_eng_{spa,fra,deu,ita,cmn}.tsv

Automatic evaluation

Python package dependencies (on top of seamless_communication, coming from stopes pipelines):

  • Unidecode
  • scipy
  • phonemizer
  • s3prl
  • syllables
  • ipapy
  • pkuseg
  • nltk
  • fire
  • inflect
pip install Unidecode scipy phonemizer s3prl syllables ipapy pkuseg nltk fire inflect

As described in Section 4.3 we use following automatic metrics:

  1. ASR-BLEU: refer to /src/seamless_communication/cli/eval_utils to see how the OpenAI whisper ASR model is used to extract transcriptions from generated audios.

  2. Vocal Style Similarity: refer to stopes/eval/vocal_style_similarity for implementation details.

  3. AutoPCP: refer to stopes/eval/auto_pcp for implementation details.

  4. Pause and Rate scores: refer to stopes/eval/local_prosody for implementation details. Rate score corresponds to the syllable speech rate spearman correlation between source and predicted speech. Pause score corresponds to the weighted mean joint score produced by stopes/eval/local_prosody/compare_utterances.py script from stopes repo.

Evaluation results: mExpresso

Please see mExpresso section on how to download evaluation data

Important Notes:

  • We used empirically chosen duration factors per each tgt language towards the best perceptual quality: 1.0 (default) for cmn, spa, ita; 1.1 for deu; 1.2 for fra. Same settings were used to report results in the "Seamless: Multilingual Expressive and Streaming Speech Translation" paper.

  • Results here slightly differs from ones shown in the paper due to several descrepancies in the pipeline: results reported here use pipeline w/ fairseq2 backend for model's inference and pipeline includes watermarking.

Language Partition ASR-BLEU Vocal Style Sim AutoPCP Pause Rate
eng_cmn dev 26.080 0.207 3.168 0.236 0.538
eng_deu dev 36.940 0.261 3.298 0.319 0.717
eng_fra dev 37.780 0.231 3.285 0.331 0.682
eng_ita dev 40.170 0.226 3.322 0.388 0.734
eng_spa dev 42.400 0.228 3.379 0.332 0.702
eng_cmn test 23.320 0.249 2.984 0.385 0.522
eng_deu test 27.780 0.290 3.117 0.483 0.717
eng_fra test 38.360 0.270 3.117 0.506 0.663
eng_ita test 38.020 0.274 3.130 0.523 0.686
eng_spa test 42.920 0.274 3.183 0.508 0.675

Step-by-step evaluation

Pre-requisite: all steps described here assume that the generation/inference has been completed following steps.

For stopes installation please refer to stopes/eval.

The resulting directory of generated outputs:

export SPLIT="dev_mexpresso_eng_spa" # example, change for your split
export TGT_LANG="spa"
export SRC_LANG="eng"
export GENERATED_DIR="path_to_generated_output_for_given_data_split"
export GENERATED_TSV="generate-${SPLIT}.tsv"
export STOPES_ROOT="path_to_stopes_code_repo"
export SC_ROOT="path_to_this_repo"

ASR-BLEU evaluation

python ${SC_ROOT}/src/seamless_communication/cli/expressivity/evaluate/run_asr_bleu.py \
    --generation_dir_path=${GENERATED_DIR} \
    --generate_tsv_filename=generate-${SPLIT}.tsv \
    --tgt_lang=${TGT_LANG}
  • generate-${SPLIT}.tsv is an expected output from inference described in pre-requisite

After completion resulting ASR-BLEU score is written in ${GENERATED_DIR}/s2st_asr_bleu_normalized.json.

Vocal Style Similarity

Download & set WavLM finetuned ckpt path (${SPEECH_ENCODER_MODEL_PATH}) as described in stopes README to reproduce our vocal style similarity eval.

python -m stopes.modules +vocal_style_similarity=base \
    launcher.cluster=local \
    vocal_style_similarity.model_type=valle \
    +vocal_style_similarity.model_path=${SPEECH_ENCODER_MODEL_PATH} \
    +vocal_style_similarity.input_file=${GENERATED_DIR}/${GENERATED_TSV} \
    +vocal_style_similarity.output_file=${GENERATED_DIR}/vocal_style_sim_result.txt \
    vocal_style_similarity.named_columns=true \
    vocal_style_similarity.src_audio_column=src_audio \
    vocal_style_similarity.tgt_audio_column=hypo_audio
  • We report average number from all utterance scores written in ${GENERATED_DIR}/vocal_style_sim_result.txt.

AutoPCP

python -m stopes.modules +compare_audios=AutoPCP_multilingual_v2 \
    launcher.cluster=local \
    +compare_audios.input_file=${GENERATED_DIR}/${GENERATED_TSV} \
    compare_audios.src_audio_column=src_audio \
    compare_audios.tgt_audio_column=hypo_audio \
    +compare_audios.named_columns=true \
    +compare_audios.output_file=${GENERATED_DIR}/autopcp_result.txt
  • We report average number from all utterance scores written in ${GENERATED_DIR}/autopcp_result.txt.

Pause and Rate

This stage includes 3 steps: (1) src lang annotation, (2) tgt lang annotation, (3) pairwise comparison

# src lang pause&rate annotation
python ${STOPES_ROOT}/stopes/eval/local_prosody/annotate_utterances.py \
    +data_path=${GENERATED_DIR}/${GENERATED_TSV} \
    +result_path=${GENERATED_DIR}/${SRC_LANG}_speech_rate_pause_annotation.tsv \
    +audio_column=src_audio \
    +text_column=src_text \
    +speech_units=[syllable] \
    +vad=true \
    +net=true \
    +lang=$SRC_LANG \
    +forced_aligner=fairseq2_nar_t2u_aligner

# tgt lang pause&rate annotation
python ${STOPES_ROOT}/stopes/eval/local_prosody/annotate_utterances.py \
    +data_path=${GENERATED_DIR}/${GENERATED_TSV} \
    +result_path=${GENERATED_DIR}/${TGT_LANG}_speech_rate_pause_annotation.tsv \
    +audio_column=hypo_audio \
    +text_column=s2t_out \
    +speech_units=[syllable] \
    +vad=true \
    +net=true \
    +lang=$TGT_LANG \
    +forced_aligner=fairseq2_nar_t2u_aligner

# pair wise comparison
python ${STOPES_ROOT}/stopes/eval/local_prosody/compare_utterances.py \
    +src_path=${GENERATED_DIR}/${SRC_LANG}_speech_rate_pause_annotation.tsv \
    +tgt_path=${GENERATED_DIR}/${TGT_LANG}_speech_rate_pause_annotation.tsv \
    +result_path=${GENERATED_DIR}/${SRC_LANG}_${TGT_LANG}_pause_scores.tsv \
    +pause_min_duration=0.1
  • For Rate reporting, please see the aggregation function get_rate in ${SC_ROOT}/src/seamless_communication/cli/expressivity/evaluate/post_process_pauserate.py;
  • For Pause reporting, please see the aggregation function get_pause in ${SC_ROOT}/src/seamless_communication/cli/expressivity/evaluate/post_process_pauserate.py.