syntax.tex

%!TEX root = reference.tex
\chapter{Syntax}
\label{syntax}
This appendix gathers together the syntax productions of the \Sr language.

\section{Lexical}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{Ignorable}&\arrow&\emph{LineComment}\\
&\choice&\emph{BlockComment}\\
&\choice&\emph{WhiteSpace}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Ignorable Characters}\label{ignorableFigA}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{LineComment}&\arrow&(\q{--\spce}\choice\q{--\bsl{}t})\,\emph{char}\ldots\emph{char}\,\q{\bsl{}n}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Line Comment}
\label{lineCommentFigA}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{BlockComment}&\arrow&\q{/*}\ \emph{char}\ldots\emph{char}\,\q{*/}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Block comments}
\label{blockCommentFigA}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{NumericLiteral}&\arrow&\emph{Decimal}\\
&\choice&\emph{Hexadecimal}\\
&\choice&\emph{FloatingPoint}\\
&\choice&\emph{FixedPoint}\\
&\choice&\emph{ArbitraryPrecision}\\
&\choice&\emph{CharacterCode}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Numeric Literals}
\label{numberFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{Decimal}&\arrow&\emph{Digit}\ldots\emph{Digit}\plus\\
\emph{Digit}&\arrow&\q{0}\choice\q{1}\choice\q{2}\choice\q{3}\choice\q{4}\choice\q{5}\choice\q{6}\choice\q{7}\choice\q{8}\choice\q{9}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Decimal Integers}
\label{decimalFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{Hexadecimal}&\arrow&\q{0x}\,\emph{Hex}\ldots\emph{Hex}\plus\\
\emph{Hex}&\arrow&\q{0}\choice\q{1}\choice\q{2}\choice\q{3}\choice\q{4}\choice\q{5}\choice\q{6}\choice\q{7}\choice\q{8}\choice\q{9}\choice\q{a}\choice\q{b}\choice\q{c}\choice\q{d}\choice\q{e}\choice\q{f}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Hexadecimal numbers}
\label{hexadecimalFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{FixedPoint}&\arrow&\emph{Digit}\ldots\emph{Digit}\plus\q{.}\,\emph{Digit}\ldots\emph{Digit}\plus\q{f}\,\q{0}\ldots\q{0}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Fixed Point numbers}
\label{fixedPointFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{FloatingPoint}&\arrow&\emph{Digit}\ldots\emph{Digit}\plus\q{.}\,\emph{Digit}\ldots\emph{Digit}\plus[\q{e}\,[\q{-}]\,\emph{Digit}\ldots\emph{Digit}\plus]
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Floating Point numbers}
\label{floatingPointFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{ArbitraryPrecision}&\arrow&\emph{Digit}\ldots\emph{Digit}\plus\,\q{.}\,\emph{Digit}\ldots\emph{Digit}\plus\q{a}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Arbitrary Precision Numbers}
\label{arbitraryPrecisionFig}
\end{figure}


\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{CharacterCode}&\arrow&\q{0c}\,\emph{CharRef}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Character Codes}
\vspace{-2ex}
\label{characterCodeFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{CharRef}&\arrow&\emph{Char}\ \choice\ \emph{Escape}\\
\emph{Escape}&\arrow&\q{\bsl}\q{a}\choice\bsl\q{b}\choice\bsl\q{d}\choice\q{\bsl}\q{e}\choice\q{\bsl}\q{f}\choice\q{\bsl}\q{n}\choice\q{\bsl}\q{r}\choice\q{\bsl}\q{t}\choice\q{\bsl{}v}\choice\q{\bsl"}\choice\q{\bsl}\$\choice\q{\bsl}\emph{Char}\\
&\choice&\q{\bsl u}\emph{Hex}\ \emph{Hex}\ \emph{Hex}\ \emph{Hex}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Character Reference}\label{charRefFig}
\end{figure}


\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{String}&\arrow&\q{"}\emph{StrChar}\ldots\emph{StrChar}\q{"}\\
&\choice&\q{0'}\,\emph{Digit}\ldots\emph{Digit}\plus\q{"}\,\emph{Char}\ldots\emph{Char}\\
\emph{StrChar}&\arrow&\emph{CharRef}\ \choice\,\emph{Interpolation}\\
\emph{Interpolation}&\arrow&\q{\$} \emph{Identifier}\\
&\choice&\q{\$(}\emph{Expression}\q{)}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{String Literal}
\label{stringFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{RegularExpression}&\arrow&\q{`}\emph{Regex}\q{`}\\
\emph{Regex}&\arrow&\q{.}\\
&\choice&\emph{CharRef}\\
&\choice&\emph{DisjunctiveGroup}\\
&\choice&\emph{CharacterClass}\\
&\choice&\emph{Binding}\\
&\choice&\emph{Regex}\ \emph{Cardinality}\\
&\choice&\emph{Regex}\ \emph{Regex}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Regular Expressions}
   \label{regFig}
\end{figure}


\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{Identifier}&\arrow&\emph{LeadChar}\,\emph{BodyChar}\ldots\emph{BodyChar}\\
\emph{LeadChar}&\arrow&\emph{LetterNumber}\\
&\choice&\emph{LowerCase}\\
&\choice&\emph{UpperCase}\\
&\choice&\emph{TitleCase}\\
&\choice&\emph{OtherNumber}\\
&\choice&\emph{OtherLetter}\\
&\choice&\emph{ConnectorPunctuation}\\
&\choice&\q{\_}\\
\emph{BodyChar}&\arrow&\emph{LeadChar}\\
&\choice&\emph{ModifierLetter}\\
&\choice&\emph{Digit}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Identifier}
\label{identifierFig}
\end{figure}

\section{Types}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{Type}&\arrow&\emph{TypeExpression}\ [\,\q{where}\ \emph{ContractConstraint}\,]\\
\emph{TypeExpression}&\arrow&\emph{SimpleType}\\
&\choice&\emph{GenericType}\\
&\choice&\emph{TypeVariable}\\
&\choice&\emph{TupleType}\\
&\choice&\emph{FunctionType}\\
&\choice&\emph{ProcedureType}\\
&\choice&\emph{TypeInterfaceType}\\
&\choice&\emph{UniversalType}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Types of Types}
\label{typeFig}
\end{figure}


\begin{figure}[hbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{TypeAnnotation}&\arrow&\emph{Identifier}\ \q{has}\ \q{type}\ \emph{Type}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Type Annotation Statement}
\label{typeAnnotationFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{SimpleType}&\arrow&\emph{Identifier}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Simple Types}
\label{simpleTypeFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{TupleType}&\arrow&\q{(}\,\emph{Type}\,\q{,}\ldots\q{,} \emph{Type}\,\q{)}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Tuple Type}
\label{tupleTypeFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{TypeInterfaceType}&\arrow&\q{\{}\,\emph{TypeAnnotation}\sequence{;}\emph{TypeAnnotation}\ \q{\}}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{TypeInterface Type}
\label{typeInterfaceTypeFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{FunctionType}&\arrow&\q{(}\,\emph{Type}\sequence{,}\emph{Type}\ \q{) =>}\ \emph{Type}\\
&\choice&\q{\{}\,\emph{TypeAnnotation}\sequence{;}\emph{TypeAnnotation}\ \q{\}=>}\ \emph{Type}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Function Type}
\label{functionTypeFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{ProcedureType}&\arrow&\q{action(}\,\emph{Type}\sequence{,}\emph{Type}\ \q{)}\,[\uphat{}\emph{Type}\,]\\
&\choice&\q{action\{}\,\emph{TypeAnnotation}\sequence{;}\emph{TypeAnnotation}\ \q{\}}\,[\uphat{}\emph{Type}\,]
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Action Procedure Type}
\label{procedureTypeFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{GenericType}&\arrow&\emph{identifier}\ \q{of}\,\emph{TypeArgument}\\
\emph{TypeArgument}&\arrow&\emph{Type}\\
&\choice&\q{(}\,\emph{Type}\q{,}\ldots\q{,}\emph{Type}\plus\q{)}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Generic Type Names}
\label{genericTypeFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{TypeVariable}&\arrow&\q{\%}\,\emph{Identifier}\ [\emph{Requirements}]\\
\emph{Requirements}&\arrow&\q{requiring}\, \emph{ContractReference}\\
\emph{ContractReference}&\arrow&\emph{Contract}\ \choice\,\q{(}\,\emph{Contract}\,\q{,}\ldots\q{,}\,\emph{Contract}\ \q{)}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Type Variables}
\label{typeVariableFig}
\end{figure}


\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{UniversalType}&\arrow&\q{(forall}\ \emph{TypeVar}\sequence{,}\emph{TypeVar} \q{suchthat}\ \emph{Type}\q{)}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Universal Type}
\label{universalTypeFig}
\end{figure


\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{TypeDefinition}&\arrow&\q{type}\ \emph{Identifier}\ \q{is}\,\emph{TypeSpec}\\
\emph{TypeSpec}&\arrow&\emph{ValueSpecifier}\ \q{or}\ldots\q{or}\,\emph{ValueSpecifier}\\
&\choice&\q{alias}\ \q{of}\ \emph{Type}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Type Definition Statement}
\label{typeDefinitionFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{ValueSpecifier}&\arrow&\emph{EnumeratedSymbol}\\
&\choice&\emph{LabeledTuple}\\
&\choice&\emph{LabeledAggregate}\\
\emph{EnumeratedSymbol}&\arrow&\emph{Identifier}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Value Specifiers}
\label{valueSpecifierFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{LabeledTuple}&\arrow&\emph{Identifier}\q{(}\emph{Type}\,\q{,}\ldots\q{,}\emph{Type}\,\q{)}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Positional Constructor Function}
\label{positionalConFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{LabeledAggregate}&\arrow&\emph{Identifier}\q{\{}\,\emph{TypeElement}\ \q{;}\ldots\q{;}\,\emph{TypeElement}\ \q{\}}\\
\emph{TypeElement}&\arrow&\emph{TypeAnnotation}\\
&\choice&\emph{Identifier}\ \q{default}\ \q{is}\ \emph{Expression}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Aggregate Constructor}
\label{aggregateConFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{Contract}&\arrow&\q{contract}\ \emph{Identifier}\ \q{of}\ \q{\%}\emph{Identifier}\ \q{is}\\
&&\q{\{}\,\emph{TypeElement}\sequence{;}\emph{TypeElement}\,\q{\}}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Type Contract Statement}
\label{ContractFig}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{ContractConstraint}&\arrow&\q{where}\ \emph{TypeVariable}\ \q{requires}\ \emph{ContractReference}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Contract Constraint}
\label{contractConstraint}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\begin{eqnarray*}
\emph{ContractImplementation}&\arrow&\q{contract}\ \emph{Identifier}\ \q{for}\ \emph{TypeExp}\ \q{has}\ \q{implementation}\\
&&\q{\{}\,\emph{Statement}\,\q{;}\ldots\q{;}\,\emph{Statement}\,\q{\}}
\end{eqnarray*}
\caption{Type Contract Implementation Statement}
\label{ContractImplementationFig}
\end{figure}