LaTeX_RefSheet.tex

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%% Version 1.2, August 2017
%% This Reference Sheet is free under the terms and conditions of the \LaTeX{} Project Public License Version 1.3c. 
%% Authors: Marion Lammarsch, University of Heidelberg, and Elke Schubert, Stutensee

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% DOCUMENT_BEGIN ===============================================================
\begin{document}

% Split into 4 columns ===========================================================
\begin{multicols}{4}

\parbox{\columnwidth}{
\centering\Large\color{violet}LINUX COMMANDS CHEAT SHEET\\[2pt]
}


% SECTION ====================================================================================
\section{Linux Basics}
% ============================================================================================
\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Command Help}\label{sec:commandhelp}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{time command}  &  how long takes a command\\
		\texttt{man ascii}  &  get help manual of program\\
		\texttt{man -t ascii | ps2pdf - > ascii.pdf}  &  make a pdf of a manual page\\
		\texttt{help for}  &  shows help for for\\
		\texttt{help return}  &  shows help for return\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Command Lists}\label{sec:commandlists}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{cmd1 ; cmd2}  &  Run cmd1 then cmd2, regardless of success of A\\
		\texttt{cmd1 \&\& cmd2}  &  Run cmd2 if cmd1 is successful\\
		\texttt{cmd1 \textbar\textbar cmd2}  &  Run cmd2 if cmd1 is not successful\\
		\texttt{cmd \&}  &  Run cmd in a subshell/background\\
		\texttt{/}  &  at end of line: command continue next line\\
		\texttt{\textbar}  &  connect input\&output of 2 commands (pipe)\\
		\texttt{\$}  &  marks variable name\\
		\bottomrule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{IO Redire­ction}\label{sec:redirection}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{cmd < file}  &  Input of cmd from file\\
		\texttt{cmd1 <(cmd2)}  &  Output of cmd2 as file input to cmd1\\
		\texttt{cmd > file}  &  Standard output (stdout) of cmd to file\\
		\texttt{cmd > /dev/null}  &  Discard stdout of cmd\\
		\texttt{cmd >{}> file}  &  Append stdout to file\\
		\texttt{cmd 2> file}  &  Error output (stderr) of cmd to file\\
		\texttt{cmd 1>\&2}  &  stdout to same place as stderr\\
		\texttt{cmd 2>\&1}  &  stderr to same place as stdout \\
		\texttt{cmd \&> file}  &  Every output of cmd to file\\
		\texttt{program 2>\&1 /dev/null}  &  silent your program\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}\\
redirect output to same file with sponge\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
grep -v 'word' file | sponge file
\end{lstlisting}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Navigate Directorys}\label{sec:directory}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{cd /xx/yy}  &  change directory\\
		\texttt{cd \textasciitilde}  &  go to home directory\\
		\texttt{cd -}  &  go to the previous directory\\
		\texttt{cd..}  &  go one directory up\\
		\texttt{cd ./next}  &  go into next folder\\
		\texttt{cd ../Documents}  &  one dir up into Documents\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{File\&Dir Operations Basic}\label{sec:filediroperationsbasic}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{pwd}  &  print working dir\\
		\texttt{touch file}  &  Create file\\
		\texttt{file file}  &  Get type of file\\
		\texttt{cp file file1}  &  Copy file to file1\\
		\texttt{rm file}  &  Delete file\\
		\texttt{cp -r /path/src/* /path/dst/}  &  Copy folder\\
		\texttt{mv file file1}  &  Move file to file1\\
		\texttt{mkdir}  &  make a directory\\
		\texttt{mkdir ‐p /path/make}  &  make a folder structure\\
		\texttt{rmdir}  &  remove a directory\\
		\texttt{rm -rf /path/file/}  &  remove folder\\
		\texttt{rm -r ./*}  &  clear folder from inside\\
		\texttt{cat path/to/file}  &  prints file to terminal\\
		\texttt{cat file file1}  &  merge output of files\\
		\texttt{less file}  &  View and paginate file\\
		\texttt{head file}  &  Show first 10 lines of file\\
		\texttt{head -n 3 file}  &  Show first 3 lines of file\\
		\texttt{tail file}  &  Show last 10 lines of file\\
		\texttt{tail -F file}  &  Output last lines of file as it changes\\
		\texttt{ls -la}  &  list all files directory,also hidden\\
		\texttt{cat -n file}  &  show linenumber infront of a file\\
		\texttt{chmod +x script.sh}  &  make a file executeable\\
			\bottomrule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsubsection{File\&Dir Operations Advanced}\label{sec:filediroperationsadvanced}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{touch a\$(date +"\%Y\_\%m\_\%d\_\%I\_\%M\_\%S")b}  &  timestamp in name\\
		\texttt{echo \textquotesingle new line\textquotesingle{} >{}> /path/file}  &  add line at end of file\\
		\texttt{diff file1.txt file2.txt}  &  difference between files\\
		\texttt{sed \textquotesingle s/str1/str2/g\textquotesingle}  &  Replace str1 with str2\\
		\texttt{sed '14,17 s/A/B/'}  &  replace A with B line 14-17\\
		\texttt{sed -i 's/str/str\textbackslash nl1\textbackslash nl2/g' file}  &  insert lines after str\\
		\texttt{sed -i '/str/i\textbackslash l1\textbackslash nl2\textbackslash n' file}  &  insert lines before str\\
		\texttt{sed \textquotesingle/\^{}\#/ d\textquotesingle{} file | sed \textquotesingle/\^{}\textbackslash s*\$/d\textquotesingle}  &  del lines begin \# or empty\\
		\texttt{sed \textquotesingle 1d\textquotesingle}  &  Delete first line\\
		\texttt{sed \textquotesingle/\^{}\#/d\textquotesingle}  &  Delete lines start with \#\\
		\texttt{sed \textquotesingle /\^{} *\#/d; /\^{} *\$/d\textquotesingle}  &  rm comment\&blank line\\
		\texttt{sed -i \textquotesingle/\^{}str/d\textquotesingle{} file}  &  remove lines start with str\\
		\texttt{sort file.txt}  &  sort lines of files.txt\\
		\texttt{sort -u -o file file}  &  sort\&remove duplicates\\
		\texttt{sort -k2 test.txt}  &  sort csv lines\\
		\texttt{ln -s /path/src.z /dst/src.z}  &  create a symbolic link\\	
		\texttt{ls -l | grep "\textbackslash.txt"}  &  lists only txt files\\
		\texttt{ls -lt --time=atime *.txt}  &  list txt files by time\\
		\texttt{ls -lh filename}  &  properties human readable\\
		\texttt{md5sum}  &  compute and check md5\\
		\texttt{sha1sum  filename}  &  proof a sha1sum of file\\
		\texttt{sha256sum filename}  &  proof a sha256sum of file\\
		\texttt{du -sh ./*}  &  size of folder\\
		\texttt{wc test.txt}  &  count words and letters\\
		\texttt{sudo rm -r /path/to/dir/*}  &  remove all files and folders\\
		\texttt{file -{}-mime-type -b filename}  &  get the mime type of a file\\
%		\texttt{echo 'Tst'|tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'}  &  Case conversion\\
		\texttt{rename \textquotesingle s/ //\textquotesingle{} *.JPG}  &  strip spaces from filenames\\	
		\texttt{rename \textquotesingle s/\textbackslash.xml\$/.txt/\textquotesingle{}  *xml}  &  rename all .xml files to .txt\\
		\texttt{rename \textquotesingle y/A-Z/a-z/\textquotesingle ./*}  &  rename all to small letters\\	
		\texttt{mount -o loop file.iso \textasciitilde/mnt2/}  &  mount iso images\\
		\texttt{losetup -f -{}-show raspbian.img}  &  mount image to loop\\
		\texttt{losetup -d /dev/loop0 /dev/loop1}  &  unmount image from loop\\
		\texttt{grep "\^{}foo.*bar\$" file}  &  print lines begin foo end bar\\
		\texttt{sudo chown -R pi:pi /path/file}  &  owner\&group to you\\
		\texttt{sudo chmod -R 777 ./*}  &  give cur folder all rights\\
		\texttt{sudo chmod 777 file}  &  all rights to file\\
		\texttt{chown pi /path/file}  &  change owner to pi\\
		\texttt{chown pi:pi /path/file}  &  add group pi\\
		\texttt{echo b-date.e.png |cut -d\textbackslash. -f1}  &  Cut to b-date\\
		\texttt{shred -n 3 -z -u -v /path/file}  &  delete files safe\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}\\
	write image to sdcard\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo dd if=raspbian-jessie-lite.img of=/dev/sdb status=progress
\end{lstlisting}
	Empty Trash\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
cd ~/.local/share/Trash/info/ && rm -rf *
cd ~/.local/share/Trash/files/ && rm -rf *
	\end{lstlisting}
	spaces to underscores in filename: \texttt{rename \textquotesingle y/ /\_/\textquotesingle{} *}\\
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
\texttt{find -name "* *" -type d \textbackslash rename \textquotesingle s/ /\_/g\textquotesingle} & recursive for dirs\\
\texttt{find -name "* *" -type f \textbackslash rename \textquotesingle s/ /\_/g\textquotesingle} & recursive for files\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
		replace all fo with ba in all c documents \\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
find . -type f -name "*.c" -print0 | \
xargs -0 sed -i '' -e 's/fo/ba/g'
\end{lstlisting}
		write a long text in terminal to file \\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
cat << EOF | tee /path/file
hello 
world.
EOF
\end{lstlisting}
}\\
\attachfile[mimetype=application/x-sh,description=get pngs-from-subdir.sh,icon=Tag,author=none,subject=testsub]{pngs-from-subdir.sh} {pngs-from-subdir.sh}
\attachfile[mimetype=application/x-sh,description=get pngs-from-url.sh,icon=Tag,author=none,subject=testsub]{pngs-from-url.sh} {pngs-from-url.sh}
\sectionbox{
	\subsubsection{Files /Archives \& Compression}\label{sec:archivescompression}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{gpg -c file}  &  Encrypt file\\
		\texttt{gpg file.gpg}  &  Decrypt file\\
		\texttt{unzip -l files.zip}  &  list files from a zip\\
		\texttt{unzip -j "zip-archive.zip" "one\_file.txt}  &  unzip specific file\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}\\
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsubsection{Files /Archives \& Compression2}\label{sec:archivescompression2}
	unzip a tar.gz file without saving it first\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
wget -qO - example.com/path/to/blah.tar.gz | tar xzf -
	\end{lstlisting}
	pack a password protected zip file\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
zip --password MY_SECRET secure.zip doc.pdf doc2.pdf doc3.pdf
zip --password MY_SECRET secure.zip *
	\end{lstlisting}
	protected zip file in gui:\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
rightclick file/folder >create archive >zip >other options >passwrd
	\end{lstlisting}
	
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsubsection{Files /Transfer Files}\label{sec:transferfiles}
	get file over ssh\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
scp pi@192.168.x.x:/home/pi/file /home/$USER/Desktop/file
	\end{lstlisting}
	
	download a file from rpi to linux\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo apt install openssh-server
sudo apt install fail2ban
sudo apt install ufw gufw #then enable port 22 in gufw
sftp://user@192.168.1.xx/home/user
sftp -P 22 pi@192.168.1.xx
get remote-path [local-path]
	\end{lstlisting}
	
	upload a file from rpi to linux\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sftp -P 22 pi@192.168.1.xx
put local-path [remote-path]
	\end{lstlisting}
	
	connect over sftp in thunar by pasting this address\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sftp://pi@192.168.1.100/home/Username
	\end{lstlisting}
	
	connect over ftp in firefox  by pasting this address\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
ftp://192.168.1.100:12345
	\end{lstlisting}
	
	download a website\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
wget --random-wait -r -p -e robots=off -U mozilla http://www.xy.ru
wget -r -A png http://www.xy.ru #get pngs from site
	\end{lstlisting}
	
	create an iso image from cd\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
readom dev=/dev/scd0 f=/path/to/image.iso
	\end{lstlisting}	
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Terminal}\label{sec:terminal}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{ctrl+c}  &  stop running process in console\\
		\texttt{Ctrl + Shift + V}  &  clipboard to terminal\\
		\texttt{Ctrl + Shift + C}  &  copy text from terminal\\
		\texttt{Ctrl + Alt + select it}  &  select rectangle in terminal\\
		\texttt{Ctrl + D or exit}  &  exit terminal / ssh session\\
		\texttt{Ctrl + Click link}  &  open link in lxterminal\\
		\texttt{tab-key}  &  autocomplete folder\&filename\\
		\texttt{arrow-up/down}  &  see last terminal command\\
		\texttt{clear}  &  clear the terminal\\
		\texttt{reset}  &  clear\&reset screen\\
		\texttt{ssh pi@IP -p 22 "uptime"}  &  login and run command\\
		\texttt{sshpass -p \textquotesingle rasp\textquotesingle ssh pi@IP}  &  ssh login with password\\
		\texttt{ssh pi@192.168.1.xx -p 22}  &  connect to pi over terminal\\
		\texttt{sudo !!}  &  execute previous command with sudo\\
		\texttt{!!}  &  run same command again\\
		\texttt{!abc:p}  &  print last command starting with abc\\
		\texttt{!foo}  &  run last command beginning with foo\\
		\texttt{pkexec cmd}  &  run cmd as superuser\\	
		\texttt{nano \textasciitilde/.bash\_history}  &  edit your history\\	
		\texttt{history}  &  terminal history with linenumbers\\
		\texttt{history -c}  &  clear history\\
		\texttt{history -d linenumber}  &  to delete that line\\
		\texttt{cat \textasciitilde/.selected\_editor}  &  show active editor\\
		\texttt{select-editor}  &  change users editor\\
		%\texttt{echo \textquotesingle export PS1="\textbackslash W \textbackslash \$"\textquotesingle{} >{}> \textasciitilde/.bashrc}  &  \\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}\\
	hide pc \& user in terminal\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
echo 'export PS1="\W \$"' >> ~/.bashrc
	\end{lstlisting}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{For Loop}\label{sec:forloop}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{for ((a=1; a <= 3; a++));do echo \$a; done}  &  for loop\\
		\texttt{for a in \{1..3\}; do echo "\$a"; done}  &  for loop\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Usage Nano}\label{sec:bashvariables}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{ESC + A}  &  start mark text at cursor\\
		\texttt{ctrl + F}  &  forward one character\\
		\texttt{ctrl + Space}  &  forward one word\\
		\texttt{Page Up or Page Down}  &  next/prev page\\
		\texttt{Ctrl + K}  &  cut marked/infront of line: cut line\\
		\texttt{Ctrl + O}  &  save without exit\\
		\texttt{Alt + W}  &  search again\\
		\texttt{Ctrl + G}  &  nano help\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Bash Variables}\label{sec:bashvariables}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{env}  &  Show enviro­nment variables\\
		\texttt{echo \$NAME}  &  Output value of \$NAME variable\\
		\texttt{export NAME=value}  &  Set \$NAME to value\\
		\texttt{\$PATH}  &  Executable search path\\
		\texttt{\$HOME}  &  Home directory\\
		\texttt{\$SHELL}  & Current shell \\
		\texttt{\$USER}  &  current user\\ 
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Usage Firewall}\label{sec:firewall}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{sudo ufw deny from IP.0/24}  &  block traffic from IP\\
		\texttt{sudo ufw deny out from any to IP.0/24}  &  block traffic to IP\\
		\texttt{sudo ufw reload}  &  reload ufw\\
		\texttt{sudo ufw status}  &  check ufw status\\
		\texttt{sudo ufw enable}  &  enable ufw\\
		\texttt{sudo ufw show added}  &  show added rules\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Process Management}\label{sec:processmanagement}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{xfce4-taskmanager}  &  gui kill \& stop tasks\\
		\texttt{ps}  &  Show snapshot of processes\\
		\texttt{top}  &  Show real time processes\\
		\texttt{pstree}  &  show process tree\\
		\texttt{xkill}  &  then click on window to kill\\
		\texttt{alt+f2 write "xkill"}  &  same as above\\
		\texttt{ps aux | grep sample}  &  get process ide from sample\\
		\texttt{kill pid}  &  Kill process with id pid\\
		\texttt{pkill sample}  &   Kill process with name sample\\
		\texttt{killall sample}  &  Kill all processes with names begin sample\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}\\
kill a process if pc is stuck\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
Ctrl + Alt + F2
youruser yourpassword  #login
su
top #lists all process (mostly highest cpu useage cause probs)
k
enter
enter
q #to quit top
pkill pname #kills all process that start with pname
Ctrl + Alt + F7  #back to normal screen
\end{lstlisting}
kill program from htop\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
choose program you want to stop with with arrow up & down
press f9 to kill it
confirm killing with enter
\end{lstlisting}
run bash file\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo bash -x /etc/init.d/c start
sudo bash -x /etc/init.d/c status
\end{lstlisting}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{System}\label{sec:system}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{sudo shutdown -P +30}  &  shutdown in 30 min\\
		\texttt{sudo shutdown -c}  &  quit shutdown process\\
		\texttt{sudo shutdown -h 0}  &  shutdown\\
		\texttt{sudo halt}  &  halt\\
		\texttt{sudo shutdown -r now}  &  reboot\\
		\texttt{sudo reboot}  &  reboot\\
		\texttt{crontab -l}  &  list crontab\\
		\texttt{crontab -e}  &  edit crontab\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{About System}\label{sec:aboutsystem}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{saidar -c}  &  leightweight system stats in color\\
		\texttt{screenfetch}  &  get info about system\\
		\texttt{uptime}  &  how long is the pc up\\
		\texttt{last reboot}  &  show last reboot\\
		\texttt{last shutdown}  &  show last shutdown\\
		\texttt{df -h}  &  show useable free space\\
		\texttt{free}  &  show free ram\\
		\texttt{dmesg}  &  new devices \& more\\
		\texttt{dmesg -{}-follow -{}-human}  &  show live dmesg output\\
		\texttt{cat /proc/cpuinfo}  &  lot info about cpu\\
		\texttt{lscpu}  &  Detailed CPU info\\
		\texttt{lsblk}  &  show partition table\\
		\texttt{uname -r}  &  kernel version number\\
		\texttt{uname -m}  &  shows your bit version\\
		\texttt{uname -a}  &  linux kernel all\\
		\texttt{cat /etc/os-release}  &  lot info about linux version\\
		\texttt{more /etc/issue}  &  what system do you use\\
		\texttt{cat /etc/*issue}  &  what build image do you use\\
		\texttt{lsb\_release -a}  &  get linux version\\
		\texttt{acpi -i}  &  battery\\
		\texttt{sudo powertop}  &  battery\\
		\texttt{acpi -t}  &  cpu temperature\\
		\texttt{acpi -V}  &  high temp, critical temp\\
		\texttt{nvidia-smi -l}  &  list about nvidia card\\
		\texttt{ls /usr/share/applications/*}  &  list global programs\\
		\texttt{ls /home/\$USER/.local/share/appli*/*}  &  list local programs\\
		\texttt{ls /etc/xdg/autostart/*}  &  list autostarted programs\\
		\texttt{cat /etc/passwd}  &   id over 1000 manually done\\
		\texttt{sudo blkid}  &  get partition uuids\\
		\texttt{python -V}  &  get python version\\
		\texttt{xmodmap -pke}  &  read keymap\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}
\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Install}\label{sec:install}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{sudo apt update \&\& sudo apt upgrade}  &  update,upgrade\\
		\texttt{sudo apt clean}  &  clean that files\\
		\texttt{sudo dpkg -i file.deb}  &  install a deb file\\
		\texttt{sudo apt install -f}  &  fix a broken deb install\\
		\texttt{sudo apt purge pname}  &  purge paket include conf files\\
		\texttt{sudo apt-get remove pname}  &  remove programs\\
		\texttt{sudo unattended-upgrades -{}-dry-run}  &  dryrun unattended upgrades\\
		\texttt{sudo apt install -{}-reinstall name}  &  reinstall a program\\
		\texttt{dpkg --info file.deb}  &  info about a package\\
		\texttt{ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d/}  &  check manually added repos\\
		\texttt{apt-cache showpkg packagename}  &  show dependencies\\
		\texttt{dpkg -l packagename}  &  is package installed\\
		\texttt{dpkg -l | grep \^{}i}  &  list installed packages\\
		\texttt{nano /etc/apt/sources.list}  &  check source list\\
		\texttt{ls /var/cache/apt/archives}  &   all downloaded .deb files\\
		\texttt{sudo apt-get dist-upgrade}  &  mostly trouble, do not use\\
		\texttt{dpkg -{}-list |grep linux-image}  &  to list all images\\
		\texttt{sudo apt-cache search pname}  &  shows also the version\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}\\
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsubsection{Install /update \& upgrade \& autoremove \& clean old packages}\label{sec:upgrade}
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo apt-get -qq update && \
sudo apt-get -qq -y upgrade && \
sudo apt-get -qq -y clean && \
sudo apt-get -qq -y autoclean && \
sudo apt-get -qq autoremove
	\end{lstlisting}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsubsection{Install /Program Autostart}\label{sec:programautostart}
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/firefox.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/
sudo crontab -u $USER -e  #or edit crontab to do it
	\end{lstlisting}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsubsection{Install Advanced}\label{sec:install2}
	upgrade only a special package\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade pname
\end{lstlisting}
	delete an old image\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.19.0-15-generic
\end{lstlisting}
	search for files inside not-installed packages\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo apt-get install apt-file  #install apt-file
apt-file update # update apt-file
apt-file search packagename #search it
apt-file list packagename
sudo apt-cache search packagename #shows also version
\end{lstlisting}
	install :i386 package in 64 bit\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update
sudo apt install package
\end{lstlisting}
	remove i386 architecture\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo apt-get purge ".*:i386"
sudo dpkg --remove-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
\end{lstlisting}
	add a keyserver\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver PGP_KEY_SERVER --recv-keys ID
\end{lstlisting}
	remove a keyserver\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo apt-key list
sudo apt-key del D3D831EF
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-xamarin.list
\end{lstlisting}
	convert a rpm package into deb\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo apt install alien
sudo alien -ci packagename.rpm
alien --to-deb /path/to/file.rpm
\end{lstlisting}
	fix dependencies problems\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
apt-cache rdepends pkgecausedprobs
sudo apt purge -y ...
sudo apt-get autoclean &&\
sudo apt-get clean &&\
sudo apt-get autoremove
\end{lstlisting}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Monitoring \& Debugging Network}\label{sec:monitoringdebuggingnetwork}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{hostname -I}  &  show the ip\\
		\texttt{vnstat}  &  network traffic\\
		\texttt{bmon}  &  network monitor\\
		\texttt{sudo linssid}  &  gui to scan nearby networks\\
		\texttt{ifconfig -a}  &  network information\\
		\texttt{iwconfig}  &  wlan info\\
		\texttt{sudo rfkill block wifi}  &  block wifi\\
		\texttt{sudo rfkill unblock wifi}  &   reactivate the module again\\
		\texttt{iwlist scanning}  &  scan networks\\
		\texttt{ip link show}  &  interfaces info\\
		\texttt{sudo lastb}  &  check failed logins\\
		\texttt{lsof -p \$\$}  &  List paths that process id has open\\
		\texttt{lsof \textasciitilde}  &  List processes with specified path open\\
		\texttt{lsof -i}  &  show network activity\\
		\texttt{watch -n 1 \textquotesingle lsof -i\textquotesingle}  &  run lsof every sec.\\
		\texttt{sudo netstat -anp -{}-inet}  &  List TCP/UDP ports\&IP use by process\\
		\texttt{sudo netstat -ap -{}-inet}  &  as above but with Address\\
		\texttt{nethogs}  &  groups bandwidth by process\\
		\texttt{tcpdump not port 22}  &  Show network traffic except ssh.\\
		\texttt{etherape}  &  connections/traffic\\
		\texttt{sudo iptraf}  &  iptraffic\\
		\texttt{sudo iftop -i wlan0}  &  iptraffic\\
		\texttt{ip.addr == 192.168.1.100}  &  wireshark traffic for ip\\
		\texttt{noping example.com eg.com}  &  ping more websites\\
		\texttt{ping -i 60 -a IP\textbackslash address}  &  ping ip every 60 sec and beep if there\\
		\texttt{whois example.com}  &  info for domain\\
		\texttt{dig example.com}  &  dns info for domain\\
		\texttt{host example.com}  &  Lookup DNS ip\\
			\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Monitoring \& Debugging Files}\label{sec:monitoringdebugging}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{w}  &  who is logged in and how long\\
		\texttt{grep CRON /var/log/syslog}  &  cron logs\\
		\texttt{tail -f /var/log/msg}  &  Monitor messages in a log file\\
		\texttt{\textasciitilde/.local}  &  check local files\\
		\texttt{\textasciitilde/.cache}  &  check cache files\\
		\texttt{cat /var/log/syslog | more}  &  view syslog\\
		\texttt{sudo less /var/log/syslog}  &  read syslog\\
		\texttt{sudo zless /var/log/syslog.2.gz}  &  read archived logs\\
		\texttt{sudo tail -f -n 0 /var/log/syslog}  &  read while changing\\
		\texttt{sudo rm -r /var/log/*}  &  clean all logs\\
		\texttt{zeitgeist-explorer}  &  inspect public logs\\
		\texttt{exiftool -a -G1 file.pdf}  &  get info about pdf\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}\\
	open in sqlite  browser go to data and check text and url\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
~/.local/share/zeitgeist/activity.sqlite
	\end{lstlisting}
	recently used files\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
~/.local/share/recently-used.xbel
	\end{lstlisting}
	get all string values from your ram\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo dd if=/dev/mem | cat | strings
	\end{lstlisting}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{File Searching}\label{sec:filesearching}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{which nano}  &  find location of binary\\
		\texttt{find / -name "Keyword*"}  &  search all beginning with Keyword\\
		\texttt{find / -iname "*keyword*"}  &  ignore case\&word can be in middle\\
		\texttt{find . -type d -name \textquotesingle*str*\textquotesingle}  &  search for directory with str\\
		\texttt{ls *.txt}  &  find txt files in dir\\
		\texttt{grep str /path/file}  &  search for str in file\\
		\texttt{grep -rni \$PWD -e pattern}  &  search pattern in files in cur dir\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
	search for https addresses in file\\
	but missing '\%[] so url with it will be cut there\\
	%	\texttt{\colorbox{gray!25}{grep -o 'https://[a-zA-Z0-9.,\textbackslash/.\_\textasciitilde:?\#!\$@!\$\&()*\%+,;=-]*' file}}
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
grep -o 'https://[a-zA-Z0-9.,\/._~:?#@!$&()*%+,;=-]*' file
	\end{lstlisting}
	search in a pdf file\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
pdftotext file-name.pdf && cat file-name.txt | grep 'Search-string'
	\end{lstlisting}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Users \& Groups}\label{sec:usersgroupss}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{passwd -S}  &  info last time password was set\\
		\texttt{passwd}  &  change password\\
		\texttt{users}  &  list all users\\
		\texttt{groups}  &  list all groups\\
		\texttt{sudo -s}  &  run following code as admin\\
		\texttt{sudo su -l}  &  login as superuser\\
		\texttt{sudo -i}  &  change to root user\\
		\texttt{cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd}  &  list all users\\
		\texttt{sudo userdel username}  &  rm  user\\
		\texttt{sudo adduser username}  &  create/add a new user\\
		\texttt{sudo su username}  &  switch to user\\
		\texttt{adduser username sudo}  &  add username to sudoers group\\
		\texttt{grep pi /etc/group}  &  shows all groups of pi\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}\\
		add a user to groups\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo usermod -a -G group1,group2 testuser
	\end{lstlisting}

		remove a user from all groups\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo usermod -G "" testuser
	\end{lstlisting}

		remove a user\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
sudo passwd -l username #lock useraccount
sudo userdel -r -f username #home, mail, other users files
sudo crontab -r -u username #remove crontab
	\end{lstlisting}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Hacks}\label{sec:hacks}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		%		\texttt{sudo grep -rni /etc/NetworkM*/sys*/* -e psk=}  &  get wlan passwords\\
		\texttt{uuidgen}  &  generate random uuid\\
		\texttt{rm -rf /}  &  remove all the programs,everything,destroys your system\\
		\texttt{lynx -dump -listonly https://goo.gl/}  &  get all links from site\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}\\
	ascii clock\\
	\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
	watch -n 1 'echo "obase=2;`date +%s`" | bc'\end{lstlisting} 
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Simple Math}\label{sec:maths}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{echo \$(( 10 + 5 ))}  &  calculate in bash\\
		\texttt{calc 1+1}  &  says the ans\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Usage Rsync}\label{sec:rsync}
	dryrun rsync for \lstinline+testing+.\\
	\begin{mylatex}
rsync -rtuv links --dry-run /path/to/src/* /path/to/dest/
	\end{mylatex}
	run rsync\\
	\begin{mylatex}
rsync -rtuv --links /path/to/src/* /path/to/dest/
	\end{mylatex}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Install with pip}\label{sec:installx}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule	
		\texttt{sudo pip install pname}  &  install a pip package\\
		\texttt{sudo pip install -{}-upgrade pname}  &  upgrade a package\\
		\texttt{sudo pip uninstall pname}  &  remove a package\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}	

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Usage Tmux}\label{sec:tmux}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{tmux new -s myname}  &  start new with session myname\\
		\texttt{tmux a \#or at, or attach}  &  attach a session\\
		\texttt{tmux a -t myname}  &  attach to myname\\
		\texttt{tmux ls}  &  list sessions\\
		\texttt{Ctrl + B then d}  &  detach session\\
		
		\texttt{Ctrl + D or write: exit}  &  exit window\\
		\texttt{Ctrl + B then write :kill-session}  &  kill session\\
		\texttt{tmux kill-session -t Sessionx}  &  kill sessionx\\
		\texttt{Ctrl + B + \%}  &  tmux split screen horizontally\\
		\texttt{CTRL + B + "}  &  split screen vertically\\
		\texttt{Ctrl + B + Z}  &  panel full screen; shrink back\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Usage Calendar}\label{sec:calendar}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{cal}  &  displays current month\\ 
		\texttt{cal -3}  &  prev/act/next month\\
		\texttt{cal -m 4}  &  shows 4 month of the year\\
		\texttt{cal -y 2018}  &  shows the whole year\\
		\texttt{cal 9 1752}  &  Display a calendar for a month year\\
		\texttt{date -d fri}  &  What date is it this friday. See also day\\
		\texttt{date -{}-date='25 Dec' +\%A}  &  What day does xmas fall on, this year\\
		\texttt{calendar}  &  what happend today in history\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Usage Systemd}\label{sec:calendar}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
		%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{systemd -{}-version}  &  systemd version\\
		\texttt{systemd-analyze}  &  how long to boot kernel and system\\
		\texttt{systemd-analyze blame}  & to check each process\\
		\texttt{systemctl list-unit-files}  &  list all services ,static = dependency\\
		\texttt{systemctl list-units}  &  list only running services\\
		\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}

\sectionbox{
	\subsection{Usage Mysql}\label{sec:calendar}
	delete database and user\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
mysql -u root -p
DROP DATABASE databasename_to_delete;
DROP USER 'databaseuser_to_delete'@'localhost';
\end{lstlisting}
	exit\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
quit
\end{lstlisting}
	check mysql table\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
mysqlcheck -c  -u root -p --all-databases
\end{lstlisting}
	autorepair tables\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
mysqlcheck -u root -p --auto-repair --all-databases
\end{lstlisting}
	optimize tables\\
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
mysqlcheck -o -u root -p --all-databases
\end{lstlisting}
}

\sectionbox{
	\begin{itemize}
		\item 
		This document is licensed \href{https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/}{CC BY-NC-ND}\\
	\end{itemize}
}

\begin{comment}
\sectionbox{
	\subsection{TEST}\label{sec:test}
	\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{}}\toprule
%		\texttt{}  &  \\ \midrule
		\texttt{}  &  \\
		\texttt{}  &  \\
		\texttt{}  &  \\
		\texttt{}  &  \\
			\bottomrule
	\end{tabular}
}
\end{comment}

\end{multicols}

% DOCUMENT_END======================================================================
\end{document}