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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<title>Link text should be uniquely identifiable</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <link href="css/training.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
</head>
<body><script> (function(i, s, o, g, r, a, m) {
i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r;
i[r] = i[r] || function() {
(i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments)
}, i[r].l = 1 * new Date();
a = s.createElement(o), m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];
a.async = 1;
a.src = g;
m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m)
})(window, document, 'script', '//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga');
ga('create', 'UA-40224544-1', 'ncsu.edu');
ga('send', 'pageview');</script><a href="#main" title="Skip to main content" class="skip-main">Skip To Main Content</a>
<h1>Link text needs to be uniquely identifiable within the page</h1>
<nav>
<p class="toc">
<label for="toc-menu" class="screen-reader">Table of Contents Menu</label> <select id="toc-menu">
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/">Table of Contents</option>
<optgroup label="The Nature of What is Required">
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/understand-nature.html">Overview</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/what-accessible-means.html">What Accessibility Means</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/law.html">Accessibility and the Law</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/ada.html">Americans with Disabilities Act</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/508.html">Section 508</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/wcag.html">WCAG 2</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/vpat.html">VPAT</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Choose a technology">
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/technology-overview.html">Overview</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/technology-html.html">HTML</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/technology-pdf.html">PDF</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/technology-office.html">Office Documents</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/technology-rich-media.html">Rich Media</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Some Basics">
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/basics-overview.html">Overview</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/language.html">Language</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/valid-code.html">Valid Code</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Document Structure">
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/headings.html">Headings</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/aria-landmarks.html">ARIA Landmarks</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/lists.html">Lists</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/tables.html">Tables</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="User Interactions">
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/mouse-and-keyboard-events.html">Mouse and Keyboard Events</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/visual-focus.html">Visual Focus</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/menus.html">Menus</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/skip-to-main-content.html">Skip to Main Content Links</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/forms.html">Forms</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/color-contrast.html">Color Contrast</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/links.html">Links</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/link-new-window.html">Links Opening in New Windows</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/link-text-alt.html">Text or Alt Attribute for Links</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/link-internal.html">Internal Links</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/link-behavior.html">Link vs. Button</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/link-text-descriptive-target.html">Using Descriptive Link Text</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/link-text-length.html">Length of Link Text</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/link-text-unique.html">Unique Link Text</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/link-text-url.html">URL Text</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/link-underline.html">Underline Style for Links</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/find-content-multiple.html">Finding Content in Multiple Ways</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/timed-events.html">Timed Events</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/aria-checkbox.html">ARIA Checkbox Tutorial</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Conveying Through Alternate Senses">
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/alternative-text.html">Alternative Text</option>
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/captioning.html">Captioning</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Appendices">
<option value="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/testing-tools.html">Appendix A - Testing Tools</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
<input id="go-button" type="button" value="GO" onclick="location = document.getElementById('toc-menu').options[ document.getElementById('toc-menu').selectedIndex].value;">
</p>
<p class="prev"><a href="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/link-text-length.html"><img src="images/left-arrow.png" alt="previous" />Length of Link Text</a></p>
<p class="next"><a href="http://accessibility.oit.ncsu.edu/training/accessibility-handbook/link-text-url.html">URL Text<img src="images/right-arrow.png" alt="next" /></a></p>
</nav><div id="main" role="main" tabindex="-1">
<nav id="page-contents" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="page-contents-heading">
<h2 id="page-contents-heading">Page Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#1"><img src="images/checkmark-small.png" alt="Good Technique" title="Good Technique">Hidden link text</a></li>
<li><a href="#2"><img src="images/checkmark-small.png" alt="Good Technique" title="Good Technique">Link as a Child of a Unique Parent Element</a></li>
<li><a href="#3"><img src="images/x-small.png" alt="Bad Technique" title="Bad Technique">Link text found outside the context of a descriptive element</a></li>
<li><a href="#4"><img src="images/checkmark-small.png" alt="Good Technique" title="Good Technique">Link as a Child of a Unique Heading</a></li>
<li><a href="#5"><img src="images/checkmark-small.png" alt="Good Technique" title="Good Technique">Link as a Child of a Unique List Item</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<p>The link text should be unique among all of the links on the page, or alternatively the unique function of the link should be able to be determined from the link’s context. This helps in determining what a link's function is and differentiating it among similar links. <strong>If it is necessary to have multiple links on the same page with the same link text</strong> there are a number of ways to address this problem.</p>
<div class="example good">
<h2 id="1"><img src="images/checkmark-small.png" alt="Good Technique" title="Good Technique" />The visible link text is not descriptive enough and might not be unique from other links on a page. The hidden text will be read by screen readers to give them enough context to discern the function of the link.</h2>
<h3>Source Code</h3>
<pre class="code">.offscreen {
position:absolute;
left:-999px;
width:1px;
height:1px;
top:auto;
}
<p><a href="#">Read more <span class="offscreen">About NC State</span></a></p></pre>
<h3>Implementation</h3>
<p class="implementation"><a href="#">Read more<span style="position:absolute;left:-999px;width:1px;height:1px;top:auto;"> About NC State</span></a></p>
</div>
<div class="example good">
<h2 id="2"><img src="images/checkmark-small.png" alt="Good Technique" title="Good Technique" />Link text found within the context of a descriptive parent element</h2>
<p>This demonstrates the correct implementation where the non-unique or non-fully-descriptive text is found within the scope of the unique and/or fully-descriptive text. The <a> is a child of the descriptive <p>.</p>
<h3>Source Code</h3>
<pre class="code"><p>How should you display the parts of a form that are read-only? There are three main implementations that I have seen, and unfortunately the accessible version is the one I’ve seen used the least. <a href="file.html">[Read more...]</a></p></pre>
<h3>Implementation</h3>
<p class="implementation">How should you display the parts of a form that are read-only? There are three main implementations that I have seen, and unfortunately the accessible
version is the one I’ve seen used the least. <a href="file.html">[Read more...]</a></p>
</div>
<div class="example bad">
<h2 id="3"><img src="images/x-small.png" alt="Bad Technique" title="Bad Technique" />Link text found outside the context of a descriptive element</h2>
<p>This demonstrates the <strong>incorrect</strong> implementation where the non-unique or non-fully-descriptive text is found outside the scope of the unique and/or fully-descriptive text. The <a> is a sibling of the descriptive <p></p>
<h3>Source Code</h3>
<pre class="code"><p>How should you display the parts of a form that are read-only? There are three main implementations that I have seen, and unfortunately the accessible version is the one I’ve seen used the least.</p>
<p><a href="file.html">[Read more...]</a></p></pre>
<h3>Implementation</h3>
<p>How should you display the parts of a form that are read-only? There are
three main implementations that I have seen, and unfortunately the accessible
version is the one I’ve seen used the least.</p>
<p><a href="file.html">[Read more...]</a></p>
</div>
<div class="example good">
<h2 id="4"><img src="images/checkmark-small.png" alt="Good Technique" title="Good Technique" />Link text paired with the text of the immediately preceding heading, forming a uniquely identifiable context.</h2>
<p>This demonstrates the <strong>correct</strong> implementation where the link text is paired with the unique text of the immediate parent heading. This allows the unique function of the link to be determined.</p>
<h3>Source Code</h3>
<pre><h5>Annual Report 2007-2008</h5>
<p>
<a href="annrep0708.html">(HTML)</a>&nbsp;
<a href="annrep0708.pdf">(PDF)</a>&nbsp;
<a href="annrep0708.rtf">(RTF)</a>
</p>
<h5>Annual Report 2006-2007</h5>
<p>
<a href="annrep0607.html">(HTML)</a>&nbsp;
<a href="annrep0607.pdf">(PDF)</a>&nbsp;
<a href="annrep0607.rtf">(RTF)</a>
</p></pre>
<h3>Implementation</h3>
<h5>Annual Report 2007-2008</h5>
<p>
<a href="annrep0708.html">(HTML)</a>
<a href="annrep0708.pdf">(PDF)</a>
<a href="annrep0708.rtf">(RTF)</a>
</p>
<h5>Annual Report 2006-2007</h5>
<p>
<a href="annrep0607.html">(HTML)</a>
<a href="annrep0607.pdf">(PDF)</a>
<a href="annrep0607.rtf">(RTF)</a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="example good">
<h2 id="5"><img src="images/checkmark-small.png" alt="Good Technique" title="Good Technique" />Link text paired with the text of the immediately preceeding parent list item, forming a uniquely identifiable context.</h2>
<p>This demonstrates the <strong>correct</strong> implementation where the link text is paired with the unique text of the immediate parent list item. This allows the unique function of this link to be determined.</p>
<h3>Source Code</h3>
<pre class="code"><ul>
<li>Annual Report 2005-2006
<ul>
<li><a href="annrep0506.html">(HTML)</a></li>
<li><a href="annrep0506.pdf">(PDF)</a></li>
<li><a href="annrep0506.rtf">(RTF)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Annual Report 2006-2007
<ul>
<li><a href="annrep0607.html">(HTML)</a></li>
<li><a href="annrep0607.pdf">(PDF)</a></li>
<li><a href="annrep0607.rtf">(RTF)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul></pre>
<h3>Implementation</h3>
<ul>
<li>Annual Report 2005-2006
<ul>
<li><a href="annrep0506.html">(HTML)</a></li>
<li><a href="annrep0506.pdf">(PDF)</a></li>
<li><a href="annrep0506.rtf">(RTF)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Annual Report 2006-2007
<ul>
<li><a href="annrep0607.html">(HTML)</a></li>
<li><a href="annrep0607.pdf">(PDF)</a></li>
<li><a href="annrep0607.rtf">(RTF)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></body>
</html>