in python, everything is an object
what's an object ? a way of encapsulating state and behavior state : fields, attributes behavior : what you do with that state (methods)
the object is responsible for modifying its own internal states python = self
objects interact with each others
OOP is really good at modeling real-life
OOP is easy to test u can test an object and its relations with other objects
Definition : Une classe définit des objets qui sont des instances (des représentants) de cette classe. Dans ce chapitre on utilisera les mots objet ou instance pour désigner la même chose. Les objets peuvent posséder des attributs (variables associées aux objets) et des méthodes (qui sont des fonctions associées aux objets et qui peuvent agir sur ces derniers ou encore les utiliser).
Abstraction is hiding complexities of implementation and exposing simpler interfaces.
Encapsulation is hiding the state or internal representation of an object from the consumer of an API and providing publicly accessible methods bound to the object for read-write access. This allows for hiding specific information and controlling access to internal implementation.
Inheritance is the mechanism that allows one class to acquire all the properties from another class by inheriting the class. We call the inheriting class a child class and the inherited class as the superclass or parent class.
Polymorphism is the ability of an OOP language to process data differently depending on their types of inputs.
Heritage Polymorphisme Multi Heritage
class OK(FatherCls, PolyCls): version = '0.1' #class variable
def __init__(self, a):
self.a = a
self.__field = "idk" # le __ permet en realite detre remplace par `_Classe__field`
def do(self):
# do something
# call the parent do
super().do()
PolyCls.do()
@property
def radius(self):
return self.diameter / 2.0
@field.setter
def radius(self, radius):
self.diameter = radius * 2.0
@classmethod
def from_specialcase(cls, arg):
a = arg + 20
return cls(a)
@staticmethod
def do_smth(v):
return v + 1
o = OK(a=3)