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ICON

Introduction

TODO

BMV Trust

Name Type Description
NextHeight Integer
MerkleRoots List of Bytes
Validators List of Address

BMV Prove

Name Type Description
BlockHeader Bytes fips-sha3-256(BlockHeader) → BlockID
BlockHeader.Result.ReceiptRootHash → ReceiptRootHash
BlockHeader.Height → BlockHeight
Votes Bytes Prove with Votes
NextVaidators Bytes Validators = decode(NextValidators).ToAddress()
BlockHeight Integer Check BlockHeight == LastHeight
BlockID Bytes Prove with MTA
BlockProof List of Bytes Prove with MTA
ReceiptProofs List of Bytes Prove with MPT
ReceiptRootHash Bytes Prove with MPT

Prove with Votes

for VoteItem in Votes.Items {
    VoteMessage = encode({
        Height: BlockHeader.Height
        Round: Votes.Round
        Type: 1
        BlockPartSetID: Votes.BlockPartSetID
        BlockID: BlockID
        Timestamp: VoteItem.Timestamp
    })
    PublicKey = DeducePublicKey(
        VoteItem.Signature,
        fips-sha3-256(VoteMessage))
    )
    Check ToAddress(PublicKey) in Validators
}

Prove with MTA

MTA.Prove(
    roots=MerkleRoots,
    witness=BlockProof
)

Prove with MPT

for ReceiptProof in ReceiptProofs {
    MPT.Prove(
        key=encode(ReceiptProof.Index),
        root=ReceiptRootHash
        proofs=ReceiptProof.Proofs
    ) → Receipt
    
    for EventProof in ReceiptProof.EventProofs {
        MPT.Prove(
            key=encode(EventProof.Index),
            root=Receipt.EventLogHash
            proofs=EventProof.Proofs
        ) → EventLog
    }
}

Binary format

ICON uses RLP with Null(RLPn) for binary encoding and decoding.

  • RLPn is RLP with Null ( [ 0xF8 0x00] )
Type RLPn Description
B_LIST List List of items
B_BYTES Bytes Raw bytes
B_BIGINT Bytes N bytes of integer representation.
ex)
0x00 → [ 0x00 ]
0x80 → [ 0x00 0x80 ]
-0x01 → [ 0xff ]
-0x80 → [ 0x80 ]
B_INT B_BIGINT 64bits signed integer
B_ADDRESS Bytes 1 byte
- 0x00 ← EOA
- 0x01 ← SCORE
20 bytes : Identifier
B_NULL Null B_BYTES(N), B_ADDRESS(N) or B_LIST(N) can be Null

Suffixed (N) means a nullable value.

RelayMessage

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
BlockUpdates B_LIST(N) List of encoded bytes of the BlockUpdate. If there is no updates, it would be empty, then BlockProof must not be Null.
BlockProof B_BYTES(N) Encoded bytes of the BlockProof. If it’s not Null, then BlockUpdates must be empty.
ReceiptProofs B_LIST(N) List of encoded bytes of the ReceiptProof.

BlockUpdate

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
Header B_BYTES Encoded bytes of the BlockHeader
Votes B_BYTES Encoded bytes of the Votes
NextValidators B_BYTES(N) Encoded bytes of the Validators. Null if it’s not changed.

BlockProof

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
Header B_BYTES Encoded bytes of the BlockHeader
BlockWitness - BlockWitness

BlockWitness

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
Height B_BYTES Encoded bytes of the BlockHeader
Witness B_LIST List of bytes. Only hashes of witness.Directions can be recovered by height of the block header.

ReceiptProof

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
Index B_INT Index to the Receipt.
Proofs B_LIST List of Merkle Proof of receipt. MPT Node including encoded bytes of the Receipt.
EventProofs B_LIST List of EventProof.

EventProof

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
Index B_INT Index to the EventLog.
Proofs B_LIST List of Merkle Proof of event. MPT Node including encoded bytes of the EventLog.

Block Header

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
Version B_INT 1 ← Version 1 (legacy)
N ← Version N
Height B_INT Height of the block,
0 means genesis block.
Timestamp B_INT Micro-seconds after EPOCH
Proposer B_ADDRESS(N) Proposer of the block
PrevID B_BYTES(N) 32 bytes hash value
VotesHash B_BYTES(N) 32 bytes hash value
NextValidatorsHash B_BYTES(N) 32 bytes hash value
PatchTransactionsHash B_BYTES(N) 32 bytes hash value
NormalTransactionsHash B_BYTES(N) 32 bytes hash value
LogsBloom B_BYTES N(1~256) bytes bloom log value
Result B_BYTES(N) Encoded bytes of the Result

Result

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
StateHash B_BYTES(N) Hash of world state (account information)
PatchReceiptHash B_BYTES(N) Root hash of Merkle List of patch receipts
NormalReceiptHash B_BYTES(N) Root hash of Merkle List of normal receipts

Validators

B_LIST of Validators

Field Type Description
Validator B_BYTES 21 bytes → same as Address
Other bytes → public key

Votes

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
Round B_INT Round for votes.
If consensus doesn’t use round, it should be 0(zero).
BlockPartSetID PartSetID PartSetID of the proposed block
Items B_LIST List of VoteItem

VoteItem

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
Timestamp B_INT Voted time in micro-seconds
Signature B_BYTES RSV format signature for VoteMessage by a validator

Public key of the validator can be recovered with Signature and SHA3Sum256(VoteMessage).

VoteMessage

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
Height B_INT BlockHeader.Height
Round B_INT Votes.Round
Type B_INT 0 ← PreVote
1 ← PreCommit
BlockID B_BYTES(N) SHA3Sum256(BlockHeader)
BlockPartSetID PartSetID Votes.BlockPartSetID.
Timestamp B_INT VoteItem.Timestamp

Type field should be 1 for votes of a block.

PartSetID

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
Count B_INT Number of block parts
Hash B_BYTES(N) Hash of block parts

Receipt

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
Status B_INT Result status
0 ← SUCCESS
N ← FAILURE ( N is failure code )
To B_ADDRESS The target address of the transaction
CumulativeStepUsed B_BIGINT Cumulative step used
StepUsed B_BIGINT Step used
StepPrice B_BIGINT Step price in LOOP
LogsBloom B_BIGINT 2048 bits without padding zeros
So, if there is no bit, then it would be a byte with zero.
EventLogs B_LIST(N) of EventLog A list of event logs (empty if there is EventLogHash)
SCOREAddress B_ADDRESS(N) The address of deployed smart contract
EventLogHash B_BYTES(O) (from Revision7) Root hash of Merkle List of eventLogs

EventLog

B_LIST of followings

Field Type Description
Addr B_ADDRESS SCORE producing this event log
Indexed B_LIST of B_BYTES(N) Indexed data.
Data B_LIST of B_BYTES(N) Remaining data.

Merkle Patricia Trie

It's similar to Merkle Patricia Trie except that it uses SHA3-256 instead of KECCAK-256.

Merkle List

Root hash of the list is SHA3Sum256(MPT Node) of the root. The key for the list is B_INT encoded index of the item.

Merkle Proof

It's list of MPT Nodes from the root to the leaf containing the value.

MPT Node

MPT Node is one of followings.

  • MPT Leaf
  • MPT Extension
  • MPT Branch

MPT Branch

RLP List of followings

Field Type Description
Link(1~16) MPT Link Link to the Nth child.
Value RLP Bytes Stored data

MPT Leaf

RLP List of followings

Field Type Description
Header RLP Bytes Header
Value RLP Bytes Stored data

MPT Extension

RLP List of followings

Field Type Description
Header RLP Bytes Header
Link MPT Link Link to the child.

MPT Link

RLP Bytes or MPT Node

If encoded MPT Node is shorter than 32 bytes, then it's embedded in the link. Otherwise, it would be RLP Bytes of SHA3Sum256(MPT Node)

MPT Node Header

The key for the tree can be spliced into 4 bits nibbles.

Case Prefix Path
Leaf with odd nibbles 0x3 Nibbles
Leaf with even nibbles 0x20 Nibbles
Extension with odd nibbles 0x1 Nibbles
Extension with even nibbles 0x00 Nibbles

Examples

Case Prefix Path Bytes
Leaf [A] 0x3 [0xA] [ 0x3A ]
Extension [AB] 0x00 [0xAB] [ 0x00, 0xAB ]
Extension [ABC] 0x1 [0xA, 0xBC] [ 0x1A, 0xBC ]