This kata covers the CHSH game, one of the most famous examples of a nonlocal (entanglement) game.
You can run the CHSH Game kata as a Jupyter Notebook!
In a nonlocal game, several cooperating players play a game against a referee answering the referee's questions. The players are free to share information (and even qubits!) before the game starts, but are forbidden from communicating with each other afterwards. Nonlocal games show that quantum entanglement can be used to increase the players' chance of winning beyond what would be possible with a purely classical strategy.
- Lecture 20 by John Watrous.
- Q# Samples repository has an implementation of the CHSH game that includes an explanation of the history and theory behind the game.